正常耳部解剖结构的高分辨率CT表现

目的：研究正常耳部解剖结构的高分辨率ＣＴ（ＨＲＣＴ）表现及轴位,冠状位ＨＲＣＴ的临床价值及选用原则。方法：收集８０例经临床专科检查证实无耳患的耳部轴、冠扫ＨＲＣＴ图像资料,与耳局部解剖标本对照分析。结果：逐层总结了正常耳部解剖结构的ＨＲＣＴ表现特点以及耳部轴、冠扫ＨＲＣＴ的不同临床价值及其选用原则。结论：耳部ＨＲＣＴ可清晰显示绝大部分耳部解剖结构及其病变,可对耳部疾病的诊断及指导临床制定正确的治疗方案提供可靠和重要的帮助。耳部ＣＴ检查应以轴位扫描为主、冠状扫描为辅。     

耳部疾病的双螺旋CT评价

目的确定耳部疾病的双螺旋ＣＴ扫描价值。材料与方法分析经临床、手术及病理证实的１４５例１８３耳的各种疾病的ＣＴ征象及其特征。结果中耳炎８１耳,先天性耳畸形５６耳,颞骨骨折３４耳,中耳癌５耳,外耳道胆脂瘤４耳,耵聍３耳。结论双螺旋ＣＴ扫描对各种耳部疾病的诊断与鉴别诊断具有可靠的价值,可为临床制定治疗方案提供依据。     

正常肺高分辨CT表现的解剖基础研究

笔者搜集８例尸体的正常肺标本，共１４侧肺。采用标本高分辨ＣＴ（ＨＲＣＴ）图像、软Ｘ线照片及组织学切片对照的研究方法。结果表明：（１）ＨＲＣＴ图像能清楚显示ＨＲＣＴ图像的基本影像单位─—次级肺小叶。小叶间隔分布趋势为：胸膜下比中央部丰富，且上、中（舌）叶比下叶丰富；中央部以肺尖和下叶各基底段支气管血管束内侧丰富；纵隔面、膈面比肋面丰富。（２）我们将肺的横断层面分为周边部与中央部，周边部范围为胸膜下１．５ｃｍ。（３）全肺五个代表层面分别为：主动脉弓、右上叶前段支气管、右中叶支气管、下肺静脉干和肺底隔上层面。这五个代表层面反映了肺的概貌。     

正常胸腺的CT表现

将１０３例经临床证实的正常胸腺胸部ＣＴ表现分为５个年龄组，详细描述了胸腺位置，各年龄组胸腺形态及密度变化。测量了各年龄组胸腺左右叶宽度、厚度平均值。结果显示，胸腺位于前上纵隔，ＣＴ扫描可清楚显示胸腺。随着年龄增大，胸腺实质的大小逐渐减小，密度减低。各年龄组胸腺厚度的平均值加上１．５个标准差可做为正常胸腺实质大小的上限来判断胸腺实质增大的情况。残留的胸腺实质呈线状及小结节状，小结节直径小于７ｍｍ。     

蝶腭孔正常解剖结构的高分辨力CT研究

目的:研究正常成人蝶腭孔的影像解剖并进行测量分析,为相关疾病诊治及手术计划的制定提供可靠依据。方法:采用高分辨力CT(HRCT)薄层扫描及多平面重组(MPR)技术对167例成人蝶腭孔进行详细观察,记录其形态、位置及毗邻关系,并测量相关径线值。结果:MPR图像对蝶腭孔的显示率为100%,其开口以上鼻道后方最常见,平均上下径和前后径分别为(0.54±0.14)cm、(0.64±0.13)cm。蝶腭孔左右侧别及性别差异无统计学意义。结论:HRCT容积扫描结合MPR技术可更直观、准确显示蝶腭孔及其与周围结构的立体关系,从而为临床和基础研究提供可靠的影像学信息。     

头颈部间隙的CT解剖研究

对１００例头颈部ＣＴ扫描（包括６５例头颈部肿瘤患侧与正常侧的比较），着重研究头颈部软组织间隙的ＣＴ解剖。将头颈部间隙的正常解剖大致分为咽部、口底、喉、颈部（舌骨下平面）及颈部三角等五个分区。作者认为：正确识别头颈部间隙对诊断病变的发生部位和进展范围，以及对该区域肿瘤的诊断和分期有重要作用。     

腹腔积液CT表现及其解剖,病理基础

目的：探讨不同性质和来源腹腔积液的ＣＴ表现特点及其解剖、病理基础。材料和方法：搜集行ＣＴ扫描且积液性质和来源明确的腹腔积液病例６０例，观察和分析其液体分布、量、ＣＴ值及合并腹膜改变的ＣＴ表现。结果：就腹腔积液分布情况来看，腹腔脓肿（４例）及腹腔血肿（２例）均位于原发灶附近，其余５４例常使右肝周间隙受累。从积液量来看，４例腹腔脓肿均小于所在解剖间隙范围，其余５６例缺乏特征性。ＣＴ值方面，不同性质积液难以从ＣＴ值差异加以区分，但１６例漏出液其ＣＴ值均小于３０ＨＵ。合并腹膜改变，依性质不同而有一定差异。结论：不同性质和来源腹腔积液在液体分布、量、ＣＴ值及合并腹膜改变等方面在ＣＴ表现上可能存在一定差异，全面分析、综合考虑这几方面的ＣＴ表现有助于判断积液性质和来源。     

正常和异常胰腺的CT征象分析

目的通过对正常胰腺组和异常胰腺组CT表现的比较分析,提高对正常和异常胰腺CT征象的认识.材料与方法使用Philips公司的Tomoscan-CX-Q型全身CT机,对患者行上腹部的平扫及增强扫描.正常组有120例,异常组65例.结果CT清晰显示胰腺的大小、形态、位置,并可显示胰实质的密度及造影增强情况,还可以显示胰管、胰周情况.胰腺的异常CT征象为胰腺体积增大、肿块、胰周脂肪层次不清及增强后胰腺内低密度影等.结论CT对胰腺病变定性诊断有较大的价值.     

The low energy X-ray response of the LiF:Mg:Cu:P thermoluminescent dosemeter: a comparison with LiF:Mg:Ti

LiF:Mg:Cu:P thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLD) can be used for the same X-ray dosimetry applications as LiF:Mg:Ti, with each type having the disadvantage of a response dependent on energy, particularly at low energies. Measurements were made of the response per unit air kerma of LiF:Mg:Cu:P and LiF:Mg:Ti to nine quasi-monoenergetic X-ray beams with mean energies from 12 keV to 208 keV. Each measurement was normalized to the value produced by 6 MV X-rays. LiF:Mg:Cu:P was found to under-respond to a majority of these radiations whereas LiF:Mg:Ti over-responded to a majority. Their smallest relative measured response was produced by the lowest energy beam, and the maximum measured relative response of 1.15+/-0.07 and 1.21+/-0.07 for LiF:Mg:Cu:P and LiF:Mg:Ti, respectively, occurred at 33 keV. Energy response coefficients were derived from these measurements to estimate the error introduced by using either type of TLD to measure the dose from an X-ray spectrum different to that used for its absolute response calibration. It was calculated that if the response of either type of TLD was calibrated at 100 kVp, then an error of no more than +/-2% would be introduced into measurements of tube output at potentials of 50-130 kVp. LiF:Mg:Cu:P was found to introduce a larger error (up to 30%) into the measurement of body exit dose than LiF:Mg:Ti at tube potentials of 40-150 kVp, if its absolute response was calibrated using the corresponding body entrance beam. The method should allow this type of error to be estimated in other dosimetry applications for either type of TLD.     

Case report: retrocaval ureter: MR appearances

We present a case of retrocaval ureter and its MR appearances. This is the first case in reported literature. The findings on i.v. urography are correlated with the MRI findings. So far CT has been the procedure of choice to confirm the diagnosis of retrocaval ureter. However, we believe MRI is likely to replace CT in the diagnosis of retrocaval ureter.     

局限型胸膜间皮瘤1例报告

胸膜间皮瘤是一种起源于胸膜间皮细胞与纤维细胞的一X线检查:右肺中野近肺门旁8 cm×7 cm类圆形阴影,密度较高且较均匀,边缘光滑清晰。X线诊断:右肺占位,建议做进一步检查(图1)。CT检查:纵隔窗示右肺下叶背段近后胸壁处可见团块状软组织密度影,大小为8.5 cm×5 cm×7 cm,病灶内可见条行气体密度影,纵隔结构居中。大血管走行分布正常,纵隔内未见肿大淋巴结影。双侧胸腔未见积液征象。肺窗示右肺下叶背段病灶呈致密改变,与周围组织分界清晰(图2,3)。初步诊断:右肺下叶病灶考虑球形肺炎,建议抗炎治疗2周后复查。图1右肺中野近肺门旁8 cm×7 c…