牛磺酸对自发性高血压大鼠心肌,血管组织肾素血管紧张素系…

本实验在自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）观察了牛磺酸对血压、心肌和主动脉组织肾素血管紧张素系统（ＲＡＳ）的影响。结果表明，ＳＨＲ心肌、主动脉血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡＴⅡ）含量和血管紧张素转换酶（ＡＣＥ）活性均显著升高，牛磺酸能明显降低ＳＨＲ心肌、主动脉ＡＴⅡ含量和ＡＣＥ活性，并显著降低大鼠血压。提示，牛碘酸抑制心血管组织局部ＲＡＳ功能可能是其发挥降压作用的主要机制。     

卡托普利对自发性高血压大鼠血压和心肌血管组织ATⅡ,ET,NE…

本实验在自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）观察了卡托普利对血压，心肌和主动脉组织ＡＴⅡ，ＥＴ，ＤＡ，ＮＥ的影响。结果表明，ＳＨＲ心肌、主动脉组织ＡＴⅡ、ＥＴ含量显著增加，而ＤＡ、ＮＥ含量则呈消耗性减少。卡托普利治疗能降低ＳＨＲ心肌、主动脉ＡＴⅡ、ＥＴ含量，增加ＤＡ、ＮＥ含量，同时显著降低大鼠血压。提示卡托普利的降压作用机制可能与抑制心肌、血管组织ＡＴⅡ、ＥＴ、ＮＥ和ＤＡ的生成和释放有关。     

卡托普利对自发性高血压大鼠血压和心肌血管组织ATⅡ、ET、NE和DA的影响

本实验在自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）观察了卡托普利对血压，心肌和主动脉组织ＡＴⅡ，ＥＴ，ＤＡ，ＮＥ的影响。结果表明，ＳＨＲ心肌、主动脉组织ＡＴⅡ、ＥＴ含量显著增加，而ＤＡ、ＮＥ含量则呈消耗性减少。卡托普利治疗能降低ＳＨＲ，心肌、主动脉ＡＴⅡ、ＥＴ含量，增加ＤＡ、ＮＥ含量，同时显著降低大鼠血压。提示卡托普利的降压作用机制可能与抑制心肌、血管组织ＡＴⅡ、ＥＴ、ＮＥ和ＤＡ的生成和释放有关。     

培养的大鼠血管平滑肌细胞中bFGF基因表达与血管紧张素Ⅱ …

采用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交检测培养的自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）和正常血压ＷＫＹ大鼠的血管平滑肌细胞（ＶＳＭＣ）中碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（ｂＦＧＦ）基因表达，用紫外法和放免法分别测定培养液中血管紧张素转换酶（ＡＣＥ）活性和血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡｎｇⅡ）含量，发现ＡｎｇⅡ能明显促进ＶＳＭＣ中ｂＦＧＦ基因表达，而ｂＦＧＦ则能明显诱导ＡＣＥ活性和提高ＡｎｇⅡ释放，且ＳＨＲＶＳＭＣ的ｂＦＧＦ基因表达，ＡＣＥ活性和Ａ     

牛磺酸对高血压和血管活性物质影响的临床与基础研究

在原发性高血压（ＥＨ）患者、大鼠腹主动脉狭窄和高盐摄入引起高血压的模型上，观察到口服牛磺酸治疗４周后能明显降低平均动脉压和收缩压，４２．２％的患者血压恢复正常；并能抑制ＥＨ患者和高血压大鼠血浆内皮素（ＥＴ）和血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡＴⅡ）水平的升高，增加高血压大鼠血浆降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）和主动脉组织中的牛磺酸含量。以上结果表明牛磺酸在降低血压的同时，伴有缩血管物质的降低和舒血管物质的增加，这为牛磺酸抗高血压辅助用药提供依据。     

Ang-Ⅱ对缺血缺氧性心肌胶原代谢的影响

目的：探讨缺血缺氧性心肌损伤过程中血管紧张素－Ⅱ（Ａｎｇ－Ⅱ）与心肌胶原代谢的关系。方法：用异丙基肾上腺素（ＩＳＰ）注射大鼠,造成心肌缺血缺氧和心肌坏死模型,检测血清内ＧＯＴ、ＣＫ、ＬＤＨ、ＨＢＤＨ（羟丁酸脱氢酶）的活性,并检测心肌组织内血管紧张素－Ⅰ转换酶（ＡＣＥ）、血管紧张素－Ⅱ（Ａｎｇ－Ⅱ）和心肌胶原含量变化,观察细胞外间质效应细胞增殖情况。结果：注射ＩＳＰ后,血清ＧＯＴ、ＣＫ、ＬＤＨ、ＨＢＤＨ活性增加,心肌匀浆内ＡＣＥ、Ａｎｇ－Ⅱ含量上升,并发现在ＡＣＥ、Ａｎｇ－Ⅱ升高的同时有成纤维细胞的增生,以后心肌胶原含量明显升高。结论：心肌缺血缺氧后,心肌局部合成释放ＡＣＥ、Ａｎｇ－Ⅱ增加,使心肌成纤维细胞增殖和合成胶原能力增强,出现心肌胶原含量的增加。说明Ａｎｇ－Ⅱ是心肌间质胶原反应的一个信号分子     

培养的大鼠血管平滑肌细胞血管紧张素Ⅱ受体的基因表达及调节

在培养的自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）和正常血压ＷＫＹ大鼠的主动动脉平滑肌细胞（ＡＳＭＣ）模型，应用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交和逆转录－聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）技术，分别检测ＡＳＭＣ中碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（ｈＦＧＦ）和血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡＮＧⅡ）Ｉ型受体（ＡＴ１Ｒ）的基因表达。结果表明：ＳＨＲＡＳＭＣ中ｈＦＧＦ基因的基础表达和ＡＮＧⅡ刺激后的表达水平元旦明显高于ＷＫＹ大鼠；ｂＦＧＦ（１０ｎｍ／ｍｌ）对两种     

AT1受体拮抗剂valsartan 对高血压大鼠血浆、心肌血管紧张素Ⅱ/醛固酮及左室重塑的作用

肾素－血管紧张素系统（ｒｅｎｉｎ－ａｎｇｉｏｔｅｎｓｉｎｓｙｓｔｅｍ,ＲＡＳ）是调节心血管功能的重要因素之一。近年来,大量研究表明血管紧张素Ⅱ（ａｎｇｉｏｔｅｎｓｉｎⅡ,ＡｎｇⅡ）在心肌肥厚、间质胶原增生等组织结构改变（即心肌重塑,ｒｅｍｏｄｅｌｉｎｇ）可能起关键作用,但详尽机制不甚清楚。临床及实验已证实血管紧张素转换酶（ａｎｇｉｏｔｅｎｓｉｎｃｏｎｖｅｒｔｉｎｇｅｎｚｙｍｅ,ＡＣＥ）抑制剂可以逆转心肌肥厚,然而ＡＣＥ不是ＡｎｇⅡ生成的唯一途径,还存在糜酶等其它途径。ＡＴ１受体拮抗剂从受体位点…     

肾上腺髓质素在心血管系统的分布及在心血管功能调节中的作用

目的：观察肾上腺髓质素（ａｄｒｅｎｏｍｅｄｕｌｉｎ，ＡｄＭ）在大鼠心血管系统的分布及缩血管活性肽对血管平滑肌细胞中肾上腺髓质素表达的影响。方法与结果：应用免疫组织化学方法（ＡＢＣ法）证实，在大鼠的外周组织，尤其是主动脉和心肌等心血管组织以及培养的血管内皮细胞、血管平滑肌细胞和心肌细胞，均含有丰富的免疫活性的肾上腺髓质素。应用半定量反转录－聚合酶链式反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）分析方法证实，缩血管活性肽－内皮素（ＥＴ－１）和血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡＧＴ）可明显地降低培养的血管平滑肌细胞中肾上腺髓质素ｍＲＮＡ水平，这一作用可选择性地分别被ＥＴ－１的特异性受体阻断剂ＢＱ１２３和ＡＧＴ的特异性受体阻断剂Ｄｕｐ７５３所抑制，提示ＥＴ－１／ＡＧＴ可抑制肾上腺髓质素的表达。应用［３Ｈ］－ＴｄＲ掺入和细胞计数发现，肾上腺髓质素可抑制培养的自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）血管平滑肌细胞的ＤＮＡ合成和细胞增殖。结论：心血管系统含有丰富的肾上腺髓质素，其表达受ＥＴ－１和ＡＧＴ的调控，它可能作为一种增殖抑制因子而抑制ＳＨＲ血管平滑肌细胞ＤＮＡ合成和细胞增殖。     

Ang—Ⅱ对血缺氧性心肌胶原代谢的影响

目的：探讨缺血缺氧性心肌损伤过程中血管紧张素－Ⅱ（Ａｎｇ－Ⅱ）与心肌胶原代谢的关系。方法：是丙基肾上腺素（ＩＳＰ）注射大鼠、造成心肌缺血缺氧和心肌坏死模型,检测血清内ＧＯＴ、ＣＫ、ＬＤＨ、ＨＢＤＨ（羟丁酸脱氢酶）的活性,并检测心肌组织内血管紧张素－Ⅰ转换酶（ＡＣＥ）、血管紧张素－Ⅱ（Ａｎｇ－Ⅱ）和心肌胶原含量变化,观察细胞外间质效应细胞增殖情况。结果：注射ＩＳＰ后,血清ＧＯＴ、ＣＫ、ＬＤＨ、ＨＢＤ     

Modes of reinforcement and gender and culture of experimenter and subject: effects of "alien" and external reinforcement for Japanese and American men and women

In this study, we examined external and "alien" reinforcement (ER and AR. respectively) as a factor in social learning, and studied the combined effects of culture and reinforcement mode. A female (Experiment 1) and a male (Experiment 2) experimenters conducted experimental sessions. Both men and women, who grew up in the same culture as the experimenter, participated and performed the experimental task. A three-way interaction effect of experimenter gender, culture, and reinforcement mode was found on task performance. And the effect was more pronounced for a Japanese experimenter. A female and a male experimenters conducted Experiments 3 and 4, respectively; however participants this time were men and women who grew up in different cultures than the experimenter. Results indicated that the pattern of the subject gender and reinforcement mode interaction effect, when the experimenter was Japanese with American subjects, was exactly opposite to that when the experimenter was American. These experiments showed that AR was as effective for social learning as ER, and that the cultural backgrounds of experimenter and subject influenced AR and ER effectiveness.     

Rates of oxygen consumption and of anaerobic glycolysis in renal cortex and medulla of adult and new-born rats and guinea-pigs

1. Rates of oxygen uptake and of anaerobic glycolysis were estimated in slices from the renal cortex and medulla (a) of adult rats and guinea-pigs, (b) of new-born (1-, 5- and 21-day-old) rats and of guinea-pigs of 1, 12, 21, 24 and 120 hr age.2. In the adult rat, Q(O2) values for the cortex were 12.55 +/- 0.20 (22) and for the medulla: 8.56 +/- 0.17 (22) mul./hr.mg dry weight, while in the new-born rat (24 hr old) they were 10.99 +/- 0.46 (12) and 9.33 +/- 0.18 (9) mul./hr.mg dry weight respectively.3. Values for Q(CO2) (N2) (anaerobic glycolysis) in the 14 hr old new-born rat were in the renal cortex 9.65 +/- 0.35 (5) and in the medulla 7.39 +/- 0.43 (5) mul./hr.mg dry weight; while in the adult they were 2.25 +/- 0.08 (16) and 5.76 +/- 0.14 (16) mul./hr.mg dry weight, respectively.4. In the adult guinea-pig values for Q(CO2) (N2) were of the same order as in the adult rat, though the rate of O(2) uptake was for the cortex 8.12 +/- 0.22 (12) and for the medulla 5.02 +/- 0.23 (11) mul./hr.mg dry weight.5. Though the Q(O2) values in the renal cortex and medulla were smaller in the 1 hr old new-born guinea-pig, they were already increasing in the 12 hr old neonate.6. The results are discussed in the light of enzyme changes occurring during the process of maturation of the nephron as indicated by histochemical observations.     

Timing and intensity of early fevers and the development of allergies and asthma

BACKGROUND: Early childhood fevers appear to protect against later allergies and asthma. What is not known is the time in which fevers exert this effect and whether the degree of temperature increase is important. OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the relationship between the time and degree of early fevers and later allergies and asthma. METHODS: Eight hundred thirty-five children from southeast Michigan were enrolled at birth. Clinic records from their first 2 years were abstracted for episodes of fever. At age 6 to 7 years, children underwent allergy testing. We examined fevers occurring within 6-month intervals in the first 2 years of life and outcomes at age 6 to 7 years. The primary outcome measures were allergic sensitization, asthma, asthma with allergic sensitization, and asthma without allergic sensitization. RESULTS: In the unadjusted analysis each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months of age was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (odds ratio [OR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54-0.93) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21-0.90) at age 6 to 7 years. Likewise, every 1 degrees C increase in the maximum temperature between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.96) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40-0.94). After adjusting for potential confounders, each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower likelihood of asthma with allergic sensitization (adjusted OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.11-0.94) at age 6 to 7 years. CONCLUSIONS: Both the timing and intensity of childhood fevers appear to be important factors in the development of allergies and asthma.     

纳米水平分子成像与诊疗一体化研究进展与挑战

分子成像能以非侵入性的方式重现活体细胞的生理功能和生物学过程,提高疾病的早期和特异性诊断水平。纳米颗粒/材料具有物理性质可控性高、易于表面修饰、血液循环时间长和可功能化等优点,在疾病诊断与治疗中显示出巨大潜力。但如何阐明纳米材料多功能间的内在联系、解决其代谢及安全性等关键机制难题、实现纳米颗粒/材料多功能性到临床多功能...