Tai Chi exercise and auricular acupressure for people with rheumatoid arthritis: an evaluation study

Aims and objectives. (i) To assess the effectiveness of Tai Chi exercise in people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). (ii) To ascertain if Tai Chi and auricular acupressure have a potentiation effect in controlling pain. (iii) To evaluate the acceptability and enjoyment of the classes. Background. Tai Chi has been suggested as a suitable exercise for people with arthritis and specific programmes have been developed. Auricular acupressure is a therapeutic method by which points on the ear are stimulated to treat various disorders. Design. A pragmatic non-randomised before/after study to compare the effects of the interventions. Methods. People with RA (n?=?21) were recruited and allocated into two groups. Both groups followed a Tai Chi exercise programme, twice a week for 12?weeks, but one group (n?=?14) had, in addition, the auricular acupressure. Physical symptoms and function, pain, quality of life and self-efficacy were measured in both groups before and after the programme. Acceptability and enjoyment were assessed at the end. Results. At 12?weeks, both groups had achieved statistically significant improvements in balance, grip strength, pinch strength, 50 foot walk time self reported joint pain, swollen joint count, tender joint count and in self efficacy in relation to pain control. All participants stated that they enjoyed the classes. There was no evidence to suggest that the auricular acupressure enhanced the effects of the Tai Chi intervention. Conclusion. The classes appeared to be mentally as well as physically helpful to participants. Relevance to clinical practice. People with a chronic debilitating disease such as RA should be encouraged to undertake gentle strengthening exercise such as Tai Chi because of its potential for physical and psychological improvements.     

Measurement properties of Tai Chi exercise self-efficacy among ethnic Chinese with coronary heart disease risk factors: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Improvement in aerobic capacity and reduction in blood pressure after Tai Chi exercise programs in persons with coronary heart disease (CHD) or with CHD risk factors have been reported. Self-efficacy has been shown to be a consistent predictor of behavioral outcomes, now being applied to Tai Chi exercise. AIM: To assess the utility and appropriateness of existing tools measuring aspects of Tai Chi exercise self-efficacy (TCSE) in a new population, ethnic Chinese with CHD risk factors. Specific objectives were: (1) examine acceptability and feasibility; (2) determine score distributions; (3) assess the reliability and known-groups validity; (4) translate tool into an equivalent Chinese version and determine if there were any differences between ethnic Chinese and non-Chinese. METHODS: Following a review of the literature, two existing tools used with Caucasians were found and modified; a 9-item exercise self-efficacy tool developed by Resnick and Jenkins [Resnick B, Jenkins LS, Testing the reliability and validity of the Self-Efficacy for Exercise scale. Nurs. Res. 49(3) (2000) 154-159], and a 3-item tool developed by Li et al. [Li F, McAuley E, Harmer P, Duncan TE, Chaumeton NR, Tai Chi enhances self-efficacy and exercise behavior in older adults. J. Aging Phys. Act. 9 (2001) 161-171] to assess gradations of the challenge to perform Tai Chi among elderly populations. The modified TCSE tool was translated into Chinese and back-translated. A pilot study was conducted to pre-test the modified 14-item TCSE tool in ethnic Chinese and non-Chinese. RESULTS: A total of 18 subjects (mean age = 60 years, S.D. = 18.4) participated. Seven subjects (39%) identified themselves as ethnic Chinese. Ten subjects (56%) had experience performing Tai Chi, ranging from 3 months to 17 years (mean = 5.0 years, S.D.=5.0). Half of the subjects reported having a history of hypertension (n = 9, 50%), while nearly one-third reported having high cholesterol (n = 5, 28%). No significant difference in TCSE mean scores was found between ethnic Chinese and non-Chinese (p > 0.05). Internal consistency estimates were very high (TCSE Barriers, r = 0.95; TCSE Performance, r = 0.97). A statistically significant difference was found in the TCSE mean scores between Tai Chi practitioners and non-practitioners (TCSE Barriers, t = -3.3, p = 0.01; TCSE Performance, t = -2.7, p = 0.03), with Tai Chi practitioners reporting higher self-efficacy; thus providing initial evidence of known-groups validity. CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of self-efficacy to overcome barriers to Tai Chi exercise (TCSE Barriers) and self-efficacy to perform Tai Chi (TCSE Performance) functioned well in this sample. The acceptability and feasibility of this tool was established and known-groups validity was confirmed. Further research using this tool among ethnic Chinese with CHD or CHD risk factors, including those with less than high school education or low literacy, is recommended as the next step in development of TCSE.     

Effects of Sun-style Tai Chi exercise on physical fitness and fall prevention in fall-prone older adults

AIM: This paper reports a study to determine changes in the physical fitness (knee and ankle muscle strength, balance, flexibility, and mobility), fall avoidance efficacy, and fall episodes of institutionalized older adults after participating in a 12-week Sun-style Tai Chi exercise programme. BACKGROUND: Fall prevention has a high priority in health promotion for older people because a fall is associated with serious morbidity in this population. Regular exercise is effective in fall prevention for older adults because of improvements in strength and balance. Tai Chi exercise is considered to offer great potential for health promotion and rehabilitation, particularly in the maintenance of good mental and physical condition in older people. METHODS: A quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group was used. Data were collected from September 2001 to January 2002. A total of 68 fall-prone older adults with a mean age of 77.8 years participated in the study, and 29 people in the Tai Chi group and 30 controls completed the post-test measures. The Tai Chi exercise programme was provided three times a week for 12 weeks in the experimental group. Data were analysed for group differences using t-tests. RESULTS: At post-test, the experimental group showed significantly improved muscle strength in knee and ankle flexors (P < 0.001) and extensors (P < 0.01), and improved flexibility (P < 0.01) and mobility (P < 0.001) compared with the control group. There was no significant group difference in fall episodes, but the relative risk ratio for the Tai Chi exercise group compared with the control group was 0.62. The experimental group reported significantly more confidence in fall avoidance than did the control group. CONCLUSION: The findings reveal that Tai Chi exercise programmes can safely improve physical strength and reduce fall risk for fall-prone older adults in residential care facilities.     

The beneficial effects of Tai Chi Chuan on blood pressure and lipid profile and anxiety status in a randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects on blood pressure, lipid profile, and anxiety status on subjects received a 12-week Tai Chi Chuan exercise program. DESIGN: Randomized controlled study of a Tai Chi Chuan group and a group of sedentary life controls. SETTING: Taipei Medical University Hospitals and University campus in the Taipei, Taiwan, area. SUBJECTS: Two (2) selected groups of 76 healthy subjects with blood pressure at high-normal or stage I hypertension. INTERVENTION: A 12-week Tai Chi Chuan exercise training program was practiced regularly with a frequency of 3 times per week. Each session included 10-minute warm-up, 30-minute Tai Chi exercise, 10-minute cool-down. Exercise intensity was estimated to be approximately 64% of maximal heart rate. OUTCOME MEASURES: Blood pressure, lipid profile and anxiety status (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; STAI) were evaluated. RESULTS: After 12-weeks of Tai Chi training, the treatment group showed significant decrease in systolic blood pressure of 15.6 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure 8.8 mm Hg. The serum total cholesterol level decreased 15.2 mg/dL and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased 4.7 mg/dL. By using STAI evaluation, both trait anxiety and state anxiety were decreased. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that under well-designed conditions, Tai Chi exercise training could decrease blood pressure and results in favorable lipid profile changes and improve subjects' anxiety status. Therefore, Tai Chi could be used as an alternative modality in treating patients with mild hypertension, with a promising economic effect.     

改良太极运动对老年女性膝OA患者下肢肌力与心肺耐力的影响

目的:探讨为期12周的改良太极运动对老年女性膝骨关节炎患者下肢肌力及心肺耐力的影响.方法:将40例老年女性KOA患者采用数字随机法分为太极组(n=20)和对照组(n=20),进行为期12周的干预.在治疗前后进行表面肌电(sEMG)、心血管功能、肺功能检查和6分钟步行实验(6MWT)测试.结果:治疗12周后,与治疗前相比...     

A study design to investigate the effect of short-form Sun-style Tai Chi in improving functional exercise capacity, physical performance, balance and health related quality of life in people with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

The effectiveness of exercise training in people with COPD is well established. However, alternative methods of training such as Tai Chi have not been widely evaluated. This paper describes the study design of a clinical trial which aims to determine if short form Sun-style Tai Chi improves exercise capacity and quality of life in people with COPD. METHOD: This randomised controlled trial will be conducted with concealed allocation and blinded outcome assessment. Participants will be recruited from Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney. After baseline measurement, participants will be randomised into either a Tai Chi Group or a Control Group. Participants in the Tai Chi Group will undergo supervised training twice weekly for twelve weeks. Participants in the Control Group will undergo usual medical care. Measurements will be taken at baseline (week 0) and after the study period (week 12). The primary outcome measurement is endurance walking capacity assessed by the endurance shuttle walk test. Secondary outcomes include measures related to peak walking capacity, physical performance, balance, muscle strength and quality of life. Details of the physiological responses during Tai Chi will be collected in a small cohort to determine the training intensity of Sun-style Tai Chi. DISCUSSION: If short form Sun-style Tai Chi improves exercise capacity, physical performance and quality of life in people with COPD, this would provide an alternate form of exercise training which does not require exercise equipment thus making effective exercise training more accessible for the large numbers of people with COPD.     

Effectiveness of Tai Chi exercise in improving aerobic capacity: a meta-analysis

PURPOSE: Meta-analysis involves the integration of several studies with small sample sizes, enabling the investigator to summarize research results into useful clinical information. Tai Chi exercise has recently gained the attention of Western researchers as a potential form of aerobic exercise. A goal of this meta-analysis was to estimate the effect of Tai Chi exercise on aerobic capacity. METHODS: A computerized search of 7 databases was done using key words and all languages. Sixteen study elements were critically appraised to determine study quality. D-STAT software was used to calculate the standardized mean differences (ESsm) and the 95% confidence intervals (CI), using means and standard deviations (SD) reported on aerobic capacity expressed as peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) (mL x kg(-1) x min(-1)). RESULTS: Of 441 citations obtained, only 7 focused on aerobic capacity in response to Tai Chi exercise (4 experimental and 3 cross-sectional). Older adults including those with heart disease participated (n = 344 subjects); on average men were aged 55.7 years (SD = 12.7) and women 60.7 years (SD = 6.2). Study quality scores ranged from 22 to 28 (mean = 25.1, SD = 2.0). Average effect size for the cross-sectional studies was large and statistically significant (ESsm = 1.01; CI = +0.37, +1.66), while in the experimental studies the average effect size was small and not significant (ESsm = 0.33; CI = -0.41, +1.07). Effect sizes of aerobic capacity in women (ESsm = 0.83; CI = -0.43, +2.09) were greater than those for men (ESsm = 0.65; CI = -0.04, +1.34), though not statistically significant. Aerobic capacity was higher in subjects performing classical Yang style (108 postures) Tai Chi (ESsm = 1.10; CI = +0.82, +1.38), a 52-week Tai Chi exercise intervention (ESsm = 0.94; C = +0.06, +1.81), compared with sedentary subjects (ESsm = 0.80; CI = +0.19, +1.41). CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis suggests that Tai Chi may be an additional form of aerobic exercise. The greatest benefit was seen from the classical Yang style of Tai Chi exercise when performed for 1-year by sedentary adults with an initial low level of physical activity habits. Recommendations for future research are provided and the effect sizes generated provide information needed for sample size calculations. Randomized clinical trials in diverse populations, including those with chronic diseases, would expand the current knowledge about the effect of Tai Chi on aerobic capacity.     

Effects of Tai Chi for Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review

[Purpose] The aim of the present study was to seek evidence for the effectiveness of Tai Chi for patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). [Subjects and Methods] Systematic searches were conducted of the China Journals Full-text Database, Pubmed, Medline, Science Direct-Online Journals and CINAHL for studies published between 2000 and 2012. Studies were evaluated based on following inclusion criteria: 1) design: randomized control, clinical trial; 2) subjects: patients with a knee osteoarthritis diagnosis; 3) intervention: exercise involving Tai Chi; 4) studies published in English or Chinese. [Results] Six randomized control studies involving Tai Chi and knee osteoarthritis were found. [Conclusion] Tai Chi was an effective way of relieving pain and improving physical function. Further randomized controlled trials with large sample sizes and long training period are needed to compare groups who perform Tai Chi training with other groups who undergo other forms of physical exercise in order to confirm the efficacy of Tai Chi.Key words: Tai Chi, Knee osteoarthritis, Degenerative arthritis     

Effects of T'ai Chi exercise on fibromyalgia symptoms and health-related quality of life

BACKGROUND: Fibromyalgia (FM), one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders, is associated with high levels of impaired health and inadequate or limited symptom relief. The cause of this complex syndrome is unknown, and there is no known cure. Numerous research results indicate that a combination of physical exercise and mind-body therapy is effective in symptom management. T'ai Chi, an ancient Chinese exercise, combines physical exercise with mindbody therapy. PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of T'ai Chi exercise on FM symptoms and health-related quality of life. DESIGN: Pilot study, one group pre-to-post posttest design. METHODS: Participants with FM (n = 39) formed a single group for 6 weeks of 1-hour, twice weekly T'ai Chi exercise classes. FM symptoms and health-related quality of life were measured before and after exercise. FINDINGS: Twenty-one participants completed at least 10 of the 12 exercise sessions. Although the dropout rate was higher than expected, measurements on both the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) (Buckhardt, Clark, & Bennett, 1991) and the Short Form-36 (SE-36) (Ware & Sherbourne, 1992) revealed statistically significant improvement in symptom management and health-related quality of life. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING RESEARCH: Knowledge of interventions to enhance health for the patient with musculoskeletal problems is a National Association of Orthopaedic Nurses priority. Tai Chi is potentially beneficial to patients with FM. Further research is needed to support evidence-based practice.     

Efficacy of supervised Tai Chi exercises versus conventional physical therapy exercises in fall prevention for frail older adults: a randomized controlled trial

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of supervised Tai Chi exercises versus the conventional physical therapy exercises in a personalized rehabilitation program in terms of the incidence and severity of falls in a frail older population. Method: The participants were frail older adults living in the community, admitted to the day hospital program in Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (n = 152). They were randomized to receive a 15-week intervention, either by supervised Tai Chi exercises (n = 76) or conventional physical therapy (n = 76). Fall incidence and severity were assessed using both the calendar technique and phone interviews once a month during 12 months following the end of the intervention. Other variables were collected at baseline to compare the two groups: age, comorbidity, balance, sensory interaction on balance, and self-rated health. Results: Both interventions demonstrated a protective effect on falls but Tai Chi showed a greater one (RR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.56–0.98) as compared to conventional physical therapy exercises. Conclusions: Supervised Tai Chi exercises as part of a rehabilitation program seem to be a more effective alternative to the conventional physical therapy exercises for this specific population.

Implications for Rehabilitation

• Seniors who have fallen have a 50% chance of falling again during the following year, leading them to reduce their outings and thus decrease their social activities.

• Frail older people could benefit more from an individualized intervention than the regular group program generally used in a Tai Chi intervention.

• Tai Chi exercises seems to be a good alternative to regular physiotherapy exercises as a part of a multidisciplinary intervention in preventing a subsequent fall over a 12-month period.

     

The influence of Tai Chi training on the center of pressure trajectory during gait initiation in older adults

OBJECTIVE: To determine if a program of intense Tai Chi exercise that has been shown to reduce the risk of falling in older adults improves postural control by altering the center of pressure (COP) trajectory during gait initiation. DESIGN: Before-after trial. SETTING: Biomechanics research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-eight older adults transitioning to frailty who participated in either a 48-week intervention of intense Tai Chi training or a wellness education (WE) program. INTERVENTIONS: Eight Tai Chi forms emphasizing trunk rotation, weight shifting, coordination, and narrowing of lower-extremity stance were taught twice weekly. WE program participants met once a week and received lectures focused on health.Main outcome measures The COP was recorded during gait initiation both before and after the 48-week intervention by using a forceplate sampling at 300 Hz. The COP trajectory was divided into 3 periods (S1, S2, S3) by identifying 2 landmark events. Displacement and average velocity of the COP trace in the anteroposterior (x) and mediolateral (y) directions, as well as smoothness, were calculated. RESULTS: Tai Chi training increased the posterior displacement of the COP during S1 and improved the smoothness of the COP during S2. CONCLUSIONS: Tai Chi improved the mechanism by which forward momentum is generated and improved coordination during gait initiation, suggesting improvements in postural control.     

太极拳运动对帕金森病患者认知功能及健康相关生活质量的影响

目的:探讨太极拳运动对轻度认知障碍帕金森病患者认知功能和健康相关生活质量的影响。方法:将52例轻度认知障碍帕金森病患者随机分为干预组28例和对照组24例。对照组仅接受常规药物治疗和运动建议,干预组在此基础上进行24式杨氏太极拳训练。干预前后采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Mo CA)和39项帕金森病生活质量问卷(PDQ-39)进行评定。结果:干预16周后,干预组Mo CA评分较干预前明显提高(P0.05),PDQ-39评分明显降低(P0.05),对照组无显著改变。干预后,干预组Mo CA评分明显高于对照组(P0.05),PDQ-39评分明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:太极拳运动对轻度认知障碍帕金森病患者改善认知功能和提高生活质量具有积极意义。     

Tai Chi and Health-Related Quality of Life in Nursing Home Residents

Purpose: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) that is good is regarded as the goal of elderly residential care. However, limited evidence exists indicating a promising intervention that can achieve this goal. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of Tai Chi on HRQOL in nursing home residents.
Design: A nonequivalent pretest-posttest control-group design.
Methods: A convenience sample of 139 residents from six nursing homes in Hong Kong was used. The experimental group ( n =66) joined a 26-week Tai Chi program, while the control group ( n =73) continued with usual daily activities. The physical and mental components of HRQOL were designated as the dependent variables. Resident satisfaction was considered as a covariate. Doubly multivariate repeated measures analysis of covariance was done to examine the intervention effect.
Findings: After adjusting for the confounding effect of resident satisfaction, a statistically significant difference ( p <0.05) in the physical and mental components of HRQOL between the experimental and control groups was found. Findings showed significant improvement in HRQOL after residents practiced Tai Chi.
Conclusions: These investigators contribute additional knowledge about the health benefits of Tai Chi among nursing home residents and indicates support for its use in this population to improve HRQOL.
Clinical Relevance: Tai Chi has unique characteristics as a health exercise that is particularly suitable for nursing home residents. The inclusion of Tai Chi exercise in elderly residential care practice is recommended.     

Does Tai Chi/Qi Gong help patients with Multiple Sclerosis?

Tai Chi posture, has recently been shown in a number of random controlled trials to improve balance, posture, vigour and general well-being in a variety of client groups. These are problems commonly encountered by people with Multiple Sclerosis. The present study was therefore designed as a pilot evaluation of the usefulness of Tai Chi/Qi Gong for people with Multiple Sclerosis. Eight individuals with Multiple Sclerosis were monitored over a 2-month baseline and 2-month intervention. Statistically significant pre to post improvements for the group as a whole were achieved on measures of depression and balance. A 21-item symptom check-list indicated small improvements over a broad range of other self-rated symptoms.     

The Effects of Tai Chi on the Renal and Cardiac Functions of Patients with Chronic Kidney and Cardiovascular Diseases

[Purpose] To assess the effects of Tai Chi on the renal and cardiac functions of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-one patients with CKD and CVD were randomly divided into control and exercise groups. The exercise group performed Tai Chi training for 30 minutes three to five times a week for 12 weeks, while the control group did not. All patients’ renal and cardiac functions and blood lipid parameters were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. [Results] The 12 weeks Tai Chi intervention improved the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and the high density lipoprotein (HDL) level, and decreased the serum creatintine (Scr) level, heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and the total cholesterol (CH), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. The change in eGFR correlated negatively with the changes in CH, TG and LDL, and positively with the change in HDL. In addition, the change in SBP correlated positively with the changes in CH, TG and LDL, and negatively with the change in HDL. [Conclusion] Tai Chi training might improve the renal and cardiac functions of CKD and CVD patients via improved regulation of lipid metabolism.Key words: Tai Chi, Renal function, Lipid metabolism     

Effects of Tai Chi exercise on balance, functional mobility, and fear of falling among older women

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Tai Chi exercise among older women. Multiple regression analysis revealed statistically significant improvements in scores for balance (p <.001), functional mobility (p <.05), and fear of falling (p <.001) and associated demographic factors. Three months of twice weekly, 30-minute Tai Chi classes was associated with statistically significant improvements in balance and functional mobility and a reduction in the fear of falling in this sample of older women living in retirement communities. T'ai Chi exercises may be an age-appropriate and acceptable form of exercise for older women.     

A feasible method to enhance and maintain the health of elderly living in long-term care facilities through long-term, simplified tai chi exercises

Practicing Tai Chi offers the potential to enhance the physical and mental health of older adults. Identifying a feasible way to encourage regular Tai Chi practice is essential if Tai Chi is to be promoted as a long-term, daily activity for elderly care facility residents. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness and feasibility of using an audiovisual, simplified Tai Chi exercise module to enhance and maintain the health of long-term care facility residents. A quasi-experimental, one-group, time-series design was used. Data were collected six times (twice before the intervention; four times after intervention started) at three-month intervals. Fifty-one elderly male subjects were recruited by convenience sampling. A 50-minute Simplified Tai-Chi Exercise Program (STEP) was implemented in two small groups three times a week for 12 months. During the first six-month period, participants received guidance from an actual instructor. During the second six-month period, guidance was delivered via a video tape and displayed on a television screen. Results indicated that participants' physical health (cardio-respiratory function, lower body flexibility, and hand-gripping strength) and mental health (quality of sleep) had both improved significantly six months after intervention started, with improvements maintained throughout the end of the 12-month study (all p values < .05). Instructor-led STEP training followed by practice using appropriate audiovisual aids represents a feasible and effective method to implement a long-term activity program in long-term elderly care facilities.     

Pilot study comparing changes in postural control after training using a video game balance board program and 2 standard activity-based balance intervention programs

Pluchino A, Lee SY, Asfour S, Roos BA, Signorile JF. Pilot study comparing changes in postural control after training using a video game balance board program and 2 standard activity-based balance intervention programs.ObjectiveTo compare the impacts of Tai Chi, a standard balance exercise program, and a video game balance board program on postural control and perceived falls risk.DesignRandomized controlled trial.SettingResearch laboratory.ParticipantsIndependent seniors (N=40; 72.5±8.40) began the training, 27 completed.InterventionsTai Chi, a standard balance exercise program, and a video game balance board program.Main Outcome MeasuresThe following were used as measures: Timed Up &; Go, One-Leg Stance, functional reach, Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment, force plate center of pressure (COP) and time to boundary, dynamic posturography (DP), Falls Risk for Older People–Community Setting, and Falls Efficacy Scale.ResultsNo significant differences were seen between groups for any outcome measures at baseline, nor were significant time or group × time differences for any field test or questionnaire. No group × time differences were seen for any COP measures; however, significant time differences were seen for total COP, 3 of 4 anterior/posterior displacement and both velocity, and 1 displacement and 1 velocity medial/lateral measure across time for the entire sample. For DP, significant improvements in the overall score (dynamic movement analysis score), and in 2 of the 3 linear and angular measures were seen for the sample.ConclusionsThe video game balance board program, which can be performed at home, was as effective as Tai Chi and the standard balance exercise program in improving postural control and balance dictated by the force plate postural sway and DP measures. This finding may have implications for exercise adherence because the at-home nature of the intervention eliminates many obstacles to exercise training.     

Effects of a 12-week program of Tai Chi exercise on the kidney disease quality of life and physical functioning of patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that exercise training in patients with end-stage renal disease could improve their physical functioning and quality of life. Nevertheless, few studies have evaluated the effects of Tai Chi exercise in patients on hemodialysis.ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of a Tai Chi exercise intervention on the quality of life and physical functioning in end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis.DesignA pre-post experimental design.SettingPatients, aged 20 years or older, on hemodialysis recruited from the hemodialysis unit at a medical center in central Taiwan were assigned, based on their own preference, to either a control group (n = 25) or an intervention group (n = 21).InterventionA weekly one-hour short-form Yang style Tai Chi session for a total of 12 weeks.Main outcome measuresPhysical functioning and Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL) at the baseline and at the end of the intervention.ResultsThe least square means of repetition of sit-to-stand cycles in one minute (STS-60), 6-min walk test, and gait speed test were significantly improved in the intervention group. In addition, the least square means of the five different dimensions of the KDQOL were all significantly higher in the intervention group, except the SF-12 physical health score.ConclusionsImprovements in the kidney disease quality of life and physical functioning were observed in Taiwanese patients on hemodialysis with a 12-week Tai Chi exercise intervention.     

Effects of a Community-Based Tai Chi Program on Balance,Functional Outcomes,and Sensorimotor Function in Older Adults

Abstract

Aims: Examine effects of a community Tai Chi program on measures of balance and sensorimotor function.

Methods: In a pretest and post-test design, balance was measured in older adults (N?=?344; 73.4?±?7.4?years) with 30-s chair stand, timed-up-and-go, and 4-stage balance test following a 12-week community-based Tai Chi intervention. Balance and sensorimotor measures, including hip abductor electromechanical delay and hip proprioception, were measured in a smaller sample of older adults (n?=?11; 67.3?±?3.7?years).

Results: Balance improved (p?<?0.0001) following intervention compared to pretest. Similarly, participants in the smaller sample showed improvements at post-test (p?<?0.05) in electromechanical delay and lower extremity proprioception, but no bone density or muscle mass changes.

Conclusions: These preliminary results suggest that a community-based Tai Chi program improves balance in older adults. In a smaller sample, Tai Chi resulted in additional sensorimotor changes, specifically faster hip abductor muscle contraction speed and improved hip proprioception.