牙周-正畸联合治疗对成人牙周病患者切牙区的美学重建研究

目的 评估牙周-正畸联合治疗对成人牙周病患者切牙区美学重建的作用。方法 选择13例患者接受牙周基础治疗及正畸治疗,在全口洁治后获得统一基线,在牙周基础治疗后3个月及正畸治疗结束对13例患者的102颗切牙进行牙周临床检查,比较治疗前后的差异。检查项目包括：探诊深度（PD）,每颗牙检查6个位点,102颗切牙共612个位点;探诊出血（BOP）,每颗牙检查颊、舌两个位点,共204个位点;龈乳头指数（PI）和龈乳头高度（PH）,共128个龈乳头。结果 牙周基础治疗3个月后,79.58%（487/612）的位点PD≤3 mm,88.73%（181/204）的位点BOP阴性,较基线时[分别为26.31%（161/612）和22.06%（45/204）]明显改善。正畸治疗前,仅8个龈乳头的PI为Ⅲ级,龈乳头完全充盈牙间隙,21个为Ⅱ级;正畸治疗结束后,51个龈乳头的PI达到Ⅲ级,68个龈乳头的PI达到Ⅱ级。PH由正畸治疗前的（1.69±0.57） mm增加到治疗后的（2.84±0.62） mm,治疗前后的差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 牙周-正畸联合治疗有利于成人牙周病患者切牙区的美学重建。     

前牙不良冠修复所致牙周病的临床治疗评价

目的：评价牙周基础治疗及牙冠延长术治疗前牙不良冠修复所致牙周病的临床疗效。方法：选取21例前牙冠修复所致牙周病患者共208颗患牙,均采用牙周基础治疗及牙冠延长术后再行全瓷冠修复,分别于基线点、术后8周、修复后3个月分别记录探针出血（BOP）、探诊深度（PD）、患者满意度,观察临床疗效。结果：术后8周BOP、PD较基线点时有统计学差异（P〈0.05）,修复后3个月BOP、PD与冠延长术后8周相比较无统计学差异。修复后患者的满意度为91.7%。结论：牙周基础治疗及牙冠延长术有利于不良冠修复所致牙周病的治疗,且冠延长术解决了生物学宽度的问题,确保了牙周健康的长期稳定。     

综合治疗对牙周病患者切牙区牙龈乳头美学重建的效果观察

目的研究分析牙周病基础治疗、正畸及修复治疗对牙周病患者切牙区牙龈乳头的美学重建效果。方法选取本院口腔中心收治的31例深覆、既往不良修复导致牙周病的患者作为研究对象,采取牙周病基础治疗、正畸及修复治疗的综合疗法,观察患者治疗前后不同时间段牙龈乳头相关指标的变化情况。结果基础治疗后患者的探诊深度(Probing Depth,PD)、牙龈指数(Gingival Index,GI)、菌斑指数(Plaque Index,PLI)、龈沟出血指数(Sulcus Bleeding Index,SBI)、临床牙周平均附着丧失(Clinical Attachment Level,CAL)指标较治疗前显著的降低(P<0.05)。患者进行正畸治疗后即刻、修复治疗后6个月的PD、GI、PLI、SBI、CAL指标均显著低于治疗前(P<0.05),与基础治疗后比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。修复治疗后6个月患者的龈乳头指数分布显著优于修复治疗后即刻(Z=-4.327,P<0.001)。修复治疗后6个月患者PH测定值较修复治疗后即刻显著的提高且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采取牙周病基础治疗、正畸及修复相结合的综合治疗对深覆()、既往不良修复导致牙周病具有良好的治疗效果,使得患者前牙区获得较理想的美学效果。     

Clinical effects of scaling and root planing with an adjunctive periodontal endoscope for residual pockets: a randomized controlled clinical study

目的 比较牙周内窥镜辅助龈下刮治和根面平整（SRP）与传统SRP对慢性牙周炎患者基础治疗后残留牙周袋的临床疗效。方法 将牙周基础治疗后口内每个区至少有1个位点探诊深度（PD）≥5 mm的患者纳入研究,随机分为内窥镜组和SRP组,分别对残留牙周袋位点进行内窥镜辅助SRP治疗和传统SRP治疗。在治疗前（基线）、治疗后3、6个月检查PD、探诊出血（BOP）和附着丧失（AL）,采用SPSS 20.0统计学软件对数据进行统计分析。结果 与基线相比,治疗后3、6个月内窥镜组及SRP组PD≥5 mm位点百分比、PD、AL、BOP阳性位点百分比均降低（P<0.05）。治疗后6个月与3个月相比,内窥镜组PD≥5 mm位点百分比、PD、AL、BOP阳性位点百分比均降低（P<0.05）,而SRP组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。与SRP组相比,内窥镜组治疗后3及6个月PD≥5 mm位点百分比、PD均降低,治疗后6个月AL、BOP阳性位点百分比降低（P<0.05）。结论 牙周内窥镜辅助SRP对于基础治疗后的残留牙周袋（PD≥5 mm）的临床疗效优于传统SRP,尤其具有更好的远期预后。     

61例正畸牙根牵引前后牙周状况变化的研究

目的观察61例正畸牙根牵引治疗前后牙周状况的变化。方法选择前牙32例、前磨牙29例的残根,共366个位点,使用正畸方法牵引牙根,记录正畸牵引治疗前、正畸加力2周、正畸结束前、修复完成后即刻、修复3个月后的各个阶段残根的牙齿松动度、牙周探诊深度(periodontal depth,PD)和牙龈出血指数(bleeding index,BI),并统计学比较各个时期临床指标的差异。结果①牙齿松动度在正畸牵引加力2周后及正畸牵引结束前分别增至1.50及1.14,与正畸牵引治疗前差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);修复完成后即刻,牙齿松动度与正畸牵引治疗前差异没有统计学意义。②PD在正畸牵引治疗结束前减至2.34 mm、修复完成后即刻降至2.57 mm,均优于治疗前,与正畸牵引治疗前有统计学意义(P<0.05);修复3个月后,PD值与正畸牵引治疗前差异没有统计学意义。③BI在正畸牵引加力2周后增至2.18,修复3个月后又降至1.05,与治疗前差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论正畸牙根牵引治疗过程中牙周状况会发生一时性的改变,但是没有对牵引后的牙周组织造成永久的损伤。     

套筒冠式牙周夹板固定在重度牙周病治疗中的应用观察

目的临床观察重度牙周病患者经套筒冠式牙周夹板固定后临床治疗效果的影响。方法选择13例重度牙周炎患者,制作套筒冠式牙周夹板修复体19件,分别记录治疗前、治疗后3个月、6个月和12个月4个时段基牙的菌斑指数(PLI)、牙龈指数(GI)、牙龈出血指数(BOP)、探诊深度(PD)、牙齿松动度,并进行对照比较。结果经套筒冠式牙周夹板固定治疗后,牙齿松动度及牙周袋深度逐步变小,与治疗前相比有明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其他指标无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论牙周病患者经套筒冠式牙周夹板固定修复并结合牙周序列治疗,可提高牙周病治疗的成功率。     

慢性牙周炎伴咬合紊乱的多学科治疗观察

目的:观察慢性牙周炎伴咬合紊乱的多学科治疗效果。方法:选取10例依从性好的慢性牙周炎伴咬合紊乱病例,采用牙周基础治疗与正畸、修复多学科联合治疗,观察1～7年,所有病例均拍摄口内像及X线牙片,分别于基线、牙周基础治疗后3个月、牙周系统治疗后1年分别记录探诊出血(BOP)、探诊深度(PD)及松动度(TM)。结果:牙周基础治疗后3个月BOP、PD较基线时有统计学差异(P<0.05),TM无明显差异(P>0.05)。基础治疗后3个月BOP、PD、TM与系统治疗后1年相比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:慢性牙周炎伴咬合紊乱病例多学科治疗有利于牙周炎的控制及疗效的维持,但患者的依从性及适应症的选择尤为重要。     

牙周支持治疗对维持基础治疗长期效果的作用

目的 观察牙周支持治疗对维持基础治疗长期效果的作用。方法 对在口腔医院接受过牙周治疗的患者进行回顾性研究,其中接受支持治疗16例,未接受支持治疗14例（对照组）。牙周临床检查包括牙周袋探诊深度(PD)、探诊出血(BOP)阳性位点(+),比较初诊,6周复诊以及最后一次复诊时的上诉各项临床检查指标。结果 6周复查时两组的PD和BOP(+)位点百分比明显降低,差异无统计学意义。最后一次复诊时支持治疗组的PD为2.83 mm,BOP(+)位点百分比为15.49%,与初诊比较差异有统计学意义;而对照组的PD为3.51 mm,BOP(+)位点百分比为60.42%,与初诊比较差别无统计学意义,与支持治疗组比较差别有统计学意义。结论 牙周基础治疗可以有效控制牙周炎症,但是其炎症控制的长期效果需要通过支持治疗来维持。     

牙周内窥镜辅助超声龈下刮治对残留牙周袋临床疗效的评价研究

目的 评价牙周内窥镜下超声龈下刮治对牙周基础治疗后残留牙周袋的临床治疗效果.方法 收集20例慢性牙周炎患者259颗经牙周基础治疗后仍残留深牙周袋的患牙,行牙周内窥镜下超声龈下刮治,比较治疗前及治疗后3个月全口牙周探诊出血(BOP)和牙周探诊深度(PD)的变化.结果 内窥镜治疗后3个月全口平均PD值和BOP位点百分比有显著改善(P<0.001).单根牙和多根牙的平均PD均显著降低(P<0.001),PD≥5mm位点百分比显著改善(P<0.05),其中重度牙周袋位点的改善更明显(P<0.05).根分叉病变位点百分比治疗前后无明显变化.结论 残留牙周深袋经牙周内窥镜辅助超声龈下刮治后,单根牙和多根牙都有显著治疗效果,并且单根牙重度牙周袋位点改善更明显,但是多根牙II度及以上根分叉病变位点的改善有限.     

伴口呼吸及错牙合畸形慢性牙周炎牙周序列治疗观察

目的:探讨前牙区牙龈增生伴张口呼吸、错牙合畸形的慢性牙周炎患者接受牙周序列治疗的临床疗效。方法:选择2007年9月~2008年9月在大连市口腔医院牙周黏膜科就诊的前牙区牙龈增生伴张口呼吸、错牙合畸形的慢性牙周炎患者10例,进行牙周序列治疗(基础治疗、牙周手术治疗、正畸治疗和牙周支持治疗),历时5年以上。在治疗前、正畸治疗后1~3年采用Florida探针检查记录前牙区探诊深度(PD)、附着丧失(CAL)、牙齿松动度(TM)、探诊出血(BOP)等临床指标,并进行统计分析。在治疗前和正畸治疗后1～3年拍摄曲面断层片。结果:正畸治疗后1～3年前牙区PD、CAL均较治疗前有明显降低,BOP阳性位点较治疗前明显减少,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);TM较治疗前无明显变化,差异无统计学意义。治疗后3年较治疗后1年和2年,PD、CAL下降,BOP阳性位点减少,但差异均无统计学意义。结论:前牙区牙龈增生伴张口呼吸、错牙合畸形的慢性牙周炎患者进行历时5年以上牙周序列治疗,临床疗效良好且稳定     

Orthodontic treatment in a patient with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome

BACKGROUND: Report of a combined periodontal and orthodontic treatment in a patient with Papillon-Lefevre Syndrome (PLS). METHODS: A patient with PLS was treated orthodontically 26 months after the start of a combined mechanical and antibiotic therapy. Clinical periodontal parameters were obtained 26 (t1), 60 (t2), and 79 (t3) months after anti-infective therapy. The deepest site of each tooth was sampled for microbiological analysis at 26 and 60 months. Periodontal maintenance therapy was provided every 6 weeks. After a stable periodontal situation was achieved, orthodontic treatment, consisting of space opening for the upper canines with a multibracket appliance and coil springs, was carried out. In the lower jaw, crowding was resolved by an orthodontic mesialization of the canines. RESULTS: Twenty-six months (t1) after the beginning of the combined mechanical and antibiotic therapy, 6% of the sites exhibited 4 mm probing depth (PD) with bleeding on probing (BOP) or PD > or =5 mm. Sixty months (t2) after therapy the number of sites with 4 mm PD with BOP or PD > or =5 mm had increased to 17%, and 79 months after therapy (t3) 13% of all sites were similarly affected. From 26 to 60 months, a slight mean clinical attachment level (CAL) gain was observed, whereas the mean PD increased. From 60 to 79 months, there was a mean PD reduction. However, a significant mean attachment loss was also noted. After 26 months (t1), RNA probes failed to detect A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, or T. forsythensis from any site. Thirty-four months later (t2), subgingival recolonization was observed. A. actinomycetemcomitans was detected by RNA probes at three sites. At 26 and 60 months (t1, t2), trypticase-soy with serum, bacitracin, and vancomycin (TSBV) culture failed to detect A. actinomycetemcomitans at any of the sampled sites. Eighty-two months after the beginning of therapy (t4), none of the applied methods could detect A. actinomycetemcomitans from the pooled samples from the deepest pockets of each quadrant or the oral mucosa. In the present case, concomitant orthodontic treatment with a fixed appliance could be performed without further pronounced periodontal deterioration. Space for eruption of the canines and premolars was created, in addition to an alignment of the teeth. CONCLUSION: After a successful combined mechanical and antibiotic periodontal therapy of the PLS periodontitis, moderate orthodontic tooth movements may be possible within a complex interdisciplinary treatment regimen.     

Immediate provisional restoration of an implant placed in a fresh primary maxillary canine extraction socket: a case report

This study describes a clinical case in which a primary maxillary canine with both mobility and root resorption was replaced with an immediately restored dental implant placed into the fresh extraction socket. The implant achieved high primary stability, as determined by resonance frequency analysis, and it was immediately restored with a provisional acrylic resin crown with no centric occlusion. An all-ceramic permanent crown replaced the provisonal crown four months after implant surgery. The implant was stable and no periapical radiolucencies, bleeding on probing, or pathologic probing depth were recorded after one year. The peri-implant soft tissue level appeared stable, and the interdental papillae were preserved, contributing to an optimum final esthetic result. This case supports the use of single implants for the replacement of extracted primary teeth, especially in areas where esthetics is a high priority. The immediate provisional crown maintained soft tissue contours and papillary height.     

Orthodontic movement into infrabony defects in patients with advanced periodontal disease: a clinical and radiological study

BACKGROUND: In cases of advanced periodontal disease with a pathologic flaring of frontal teeth, a combined periodontic-orthodontic therapy may be a reliable approach in order to solve both functional and esthetic problems. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the periodontal tissue alterations following periodontal surgery and orthodontic intrusion in migrated upper central incisors with intrabony defects. METHODS: Ten patients with advanced periodontal disease and an extruded maxillary central incisor infrabony defect at its mesial aspect and probing depth (PD) > or = 6 mm were included in the present study. At baseline, PD and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured. The vertical and horizontal dimensions of the defects were assessed on standardized radiographs. Seven to 10 days after surgery the active orthodontic treatment started using the segmented arch technique, in order to intrude and move the teeth into the defects. Maintenance therapy was performed every 2 to 3 months until the orthodontic treatment was completed. RESULTS: At the end of treatment, mean PD reduction was 4.35 mm, with a residual mean PD of 2.80 mm. Mean CAL gain was 5.50 mm. The mean radiological vertical and horizontal bone fills were, respectively, 1.35 mm and 1.40 mm. All differences were of statistical significance (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The present study showed that the combined orthodontic and periodontic therapy performed resulted in the realignment of extruded teeth with infrabony defects, obtaining a significant probing depth reduction, clinical attachment gain, and radiological bone fill.     

慢性牙周炎维护治疗期临床纵向观察

目的:了解慢性牙周炎维护治疗期临床指标变化规律。方法:对牙周非手术基础治疗后进入维护治疗期的22名慢性牙周炎病人进行9个月的纵向观察。每3个月给予口腔卫生宣教,龈上下洁刮治和根面平整。并在基线和每次复查时记录临床检查指标,包括探诊深度(PD)、临床附着水平(CAL)、探诊出血(BOP)。结果:后牙较前牙更易出现牙周袋加深,>6 mm深袋的比例6个月后显著下降,CAL改善在邻面及舌侧更加明显,BOP比例持续下降。结论:非手术基础治疗配合定期维护,可使临床指标在较短期内获得明显改善。