急诊床旁超声在腹部脏器闭合性损伤诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨急诊床旁超声检查对腹部闭合性损伤的诊断应用价值.方法 应用便携式超声仪对184例外伤患者行急诊床旁超声检查,观察腹部脏器声像图有无异常改变,并重视观察腹腔内有无游离液体及气体.结果 超声诊断总符合率91.8%(169/184),其中单脏器损伤156例,符合率95.5%(149/156),多脏器损伤28例,符合率71.4%(20/28),漏诊21例,误诊3例,漏、误诊率13%(24/184).手术治疗119例;保守治疗65例,经CT、MRI检查及临床保守治疗证实.结论 急诊床旁超声检查对腹部闭合性损伤的诊断符合率高,为临床提供迅速、可靠的诊断信息.     

急诊床旁超声在腹部脏器闭合性损伤诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨急诊床旁超声检查对腹部闭合性损伤的诊断应用价值.方法 应用便携式超声仪对184例外伤患者行急诊床旁超声检查,观察腹部脏器声像图有无异常改变,并重视观察腹腔内有无游离液体及气体.结果 超声诊断总符合率91.8%(169/184),其中单脏器损伤156例,符合率95.5%(149/156),多脏器损伤28例,符合率71.4%(20/28),漏诊21例,误诊3例,漏、误诊率13%(24/184).手术治疗119例;保守治疗65例,经CT、MRI检查及临床保守治疗证实.结论 急诊床旁超声检查对腹部闭合性损伤的诊断符合率高,为临床提供迅速、可靠的诊断信息.     

急诊床旁超声在腹部脏器闭合性损伤诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨急诊床旁超声检查对腹部闭合性损伤的诊断应用价值.方法 应用便携式超声仪对184例外伤患者行急诊床旁超声检查,观察腹部脏器声像图有无异常改变,并重视观察腹腔内有无游离液体及气体.结果 超声诊断总符合率91.8%(169/184),其中单脏器损伤156例,符合率95.5%(149/156),多脏器损伤28例,符合率71.4%(20/28),漏诊21例,误诊3例,漏、误诊率13%(24/184).手术治疗119例;保守治疗65例,经CT、MRI检查及临床保守治疗证实.结论 急诊床旁超声检查对腹部闭合性损伤的诊断符合率高,为临床提供迅速、可靠的诊断信息.     

B超与多层螺旋CT诊断急诊腹部创伤临床价值分析

目的探讨B超与CT用于急诊腹部创伤诊断临床价值差异。方法分析我院收治急诊腹部创伤患者132例的B超与CT影像学检查资料,比较两种影像学方式脏器损伤及损伤程度分级诊断临床符合率。结果 B超和CT用于急诊腹部创伤患者脏器损伤及损伤程度诊断临床符合率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 B超与CT检查急诊腹部创伤诊断诊断均具有较高临床应用价值,其中B超因价格低廉、无辐射及可行床边检查等优势可作为首选诊断方法。     

彩色多普勒超声对腹部创伤检出率及分级准确度的影响

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声对腹部创伤患者脏器损伤检出率及分级准确度的影响。方法回顾性分析我院2013年3月-2016年7月收治急诊腹部脏器创伤患者共122例二维超声与彩色多普勒超声资料,比较两种超声影像学技术脏器损伤检出率及分级准确度。结果彩色多普勒超声用于急诊腹部创伤患者脏器损伤检出率显著高于二维超声,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);彩色多普勒超声用于急诊腹部创伤患者脏器损伤分级检出准确度显著高于二维超声,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);手术或介入与彩色多普勒超声技术用于急诊腹部创伤患者脏器损伤分级检出准确度比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论彩色多普勒超声用于急诊腹部创伤患者脏器损伤检出及分级价值优于二维超声。     

腹部闭合性创伤的急诊CT评价

目的：探讨急诊CT扫描在腹部闭合性创伤中的应用价值。方法：收集整理经手术或临床证实的腹部闭合性创伤65例急诊CT检查的影像资料,进行回顾性分析,所有病例均行CT平扫。结果：腹部闭合性创伤的急诊CT扫描主要表现为混杂高密度影像,多伴腹腔出血。本组65例腹部闭合性创伤中,肝脏损伤15例、脾26例、肾13例,肠系膜与肠管损伤2例,膀胱破裂2例,复合性实质性脏器损伤7例。其中51例伴腹腔出血,22例合并肋骨骨折。结论：急症CT扫描对诊断腹部闭合性创伤具有很大的价值,能明确腹部脏器损伤的部位、程度及复合性脏器损伤等信息,以指导临床医师制定有效的治疗方案。     

急诊超声检查在闭合性腹部损伤中的应用

目的 总结２０８例闭合性腹部损伤超声声像表现,探讨超声在急性闭合性腹部损伤诊断中的应用价值。方法 对各种原因所致的腹部脏器损伤进行急诊超声检查,其中１３５例接受手术治疗。结果 与手术结果对照,术前超声诊断总符合率为９１．１％。结论超声检查简便快速,对腹部脏器损伤情况能提供客观而可靠的证据,并为临床确立治疗方案提供依据。     

急诊B超在腹部脏器闭合性损伤中的应用

目的：探讨B超在腹部脏器闭合性损伤中的应用。方法：通过对280例腹部脏器闭合性损伤的患者的受伤时间及声像图进行分析，旨在提高超声对本病的诊断价值。结果：超声对本病的诊断符合率92．24％。结论：B超对腹部脏器闭合性损伤的应用，能根据声像图特点，及时判断腹部脏器损伤的程度和种类，血肿部位及内出血情况，为临床提供手术依据及处理方案，是首选而重要的诊断方法。     

B型超声诊断腹部脏器损伤44例

目的：探讨超声对腹部实质性脏器损伤诊断的价值。方法：使用仪器为SONOACE-3200和GE-LOG IQ5型超声诊断仪,频率3.5～5 MHz,常规作腹部扫查,重点扫查受伤区和疼痛部位,实质性脏器、膈下、肝肾、脾肾隐窝、盆腔和腹膜后间隙。结果：脾脏损伤18例,肝脏损伤14例,肾脏损伤12例,复合损伤2例。结论：B型超声对腹腔实质性脏器损伤诊断符合率较高,能及时明确损伤部位、程度出血量多少,并可动态观察病情转归,对指导临床治疗有重要意义。     

超声检查对高原地区腹腔脏器损伤的诊断价值探讨

目的探讨超声检查对高原地区腹腔脏器损伤的诊断价值。方法对86例腹腔脏器损伤者行腹部常规扫查,腰背部扫查,盆腔超声检查。结果超声检查结果与手术诊断对照。实质脏器损伤符合率占89．1％,宫外孕及子宫损伤符合率占68．7％,空腔脏器损伤符合率占50．0％。结论超声检查对实质性脏器破裂有较高的诊断价值,对空腔脏器破裂有一定的应用价值。超声检查能提供可靠诊断依据,为西藏地区腹脏器破裂的首选检查方法。     

Sonography in a clinical algorithm for early evaluation of 1671 patients with blunt abdominal trauma

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of sonography in our algorithm when differentiating patients with blunt abdominal trauma who need immediate surgery from patients who would benefit from further diagnostic workup or who need no treatment. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We performed abdominal sonography as the primary screening tool in 1671 consecutive patients in our prospective study. Radiologists performed sonography in the trauma room within minutes of the arrival of each patient. Hemodynamic instability in conjunction with positive sonographic findings led to emergency laparotomy. Otherwise, positive sonographic findings warranted additional diagnostic tests. Observing free fluid or organ injury caused us to categorize sonographic findings as positive. RESULTS: Sonography correctly identified all patients requiring emergency laparotomy. No inconclusive laparotomies were performed in this group. The sensitivity of sonography for revealing intraabdominal injury was 88%, the specificity was 100%, and the accuracy was 99%. In 132 patients (8%), abdominal CT was performed. CT revealed relevant posttraumatic abnormalities in 61% of all patients. Four hundred seventy patients with negative sonographic findings were discharged approximately 12 hr after admission; two of these patients (0.4%) were mistakenly discharged. Trauma scores did not influence the efficacy of sonography. CONCLUSION: Our algorithm that uses sonography as the primary diagnostic tool provides accurate, fast, cost-effective, and noninvasive initial management of patients with blunt abdominal trauma. Our test characteristics were excellent indicators of the need for emergency laparotomy. Sonography also achieves high values in revealing relevant injury. Our algorithm produced medically satisfactory and economically prudent management of patients with blunt abdominal trauma.     

Abdominal sonography in examination of children with blunt abdominal trauma

OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to evaluate abdominal sonography for the detection of fluid and organ injury in children with blunt abdominal trauma. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifty-one consecutive children with blunt abdominal trauma requiring abdominal CT were prospectively examined with sonography. Sonograms and CTs were independently evaluated by two radiologists for fluid and organ injury; CT examinations were considered abnormal if either was identified. Differences in CT interpretation were settled by a third observer. Using CT as the truth standard, we calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value of sonography for both observers. Agreement of the sonographic interpretations was evaluated using kappa statistic. RESULTS: In 33.3% of patients, CT revealed fluid, organ injury, or both. The sensitivity and specificity of sonography when detection of fluid was the sole parameter evaluated was 58.8% and 79.4%, respectively, for observer 1 and 47.1% and 79.4%, respectively, for observer 2. In contrast, the sensitivity and specificity of sonography when detection of both fluid and organ injury was evaluated was 64.7% and 79.4%, respectively, for observer 1 and 70.6% and 70.6%, respectively, for observer 2. The negative predictive value of sonography was 79.4% and 75.0% with evaluation limited to detection of fluid and 81.8% and 82.8% with evaluation of fluid and organ abnormality for observers 1 and 2 , respectively. Agreement was excellent for sonographic identification of fluid (kappa = 0.82) but poor for detection of organ injury (kappa = 0.34). CONCLUSION: The low sensitivity and negative predictive value of sonography when assessing for either fluid alone or fluid and organ injury suggest that a normal screening sonography alone in the setting of blunt abdominal trauma fails to confidently exclude the presence of an intraabdominal injury.     

Second-generation sonographic contrast agents in the evaluation of renal trauma

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to define the indications, diagnostic accuracy and limitations of second-generation sonographic contrast agents in the evaluation of patients with renal trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 2004 and April 2005, 277 patients with blunt abdominal trauma were evaluated. Twenty-eight out of 277 patients had renal lesions, the severity of which was graded according to the organ injury severity scale of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST). All the patients enrolled in the study had minor trauma and were evaluated with baseline ultrasound (US), contrast-enhanced US after injection of a second-generation contrast agent (SonoVue) and, if positive, with multiphasic multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). RESULTS: Five out of 28 traumatic parenchymal lesions with perirenal fluid collection were identified at baseline US. All 28 renal parenchymal lesions, with or without perirenal or retroperitoneal haematoma, were identified at contrast-enhanced US. Multiphase MDCT confirmed all the cases that were positive at contrast-enhanced US and demonstrated the integrity of the urinary tract in the delayed phase. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience confirmed the diagnostic accuracy of second-generation sonographic contrast material both for diagnosis and for appropriate patient management. In particular, contrast-enhanced sonography proved to be a reliable technique for the evaluation and follow-up of low-grade renal injuries. Its main advantage is reduced radiation exposure, as fewer MDCT examinations are needed, whereas its limitation is the high cost of the technique if used in unselected patients.     

A 10-year restrospective evaluation of ultrasound in pregnant abdominal trauma patients

The pregnant abdominal trauma patient presents a unique diagnostic challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of abdominal sonography for the detection of clinically important injuries in pregnant abdominal trauma patients. A retrospective review was performed of a trauma center database from 2001 to 2011. Medical records were reviewed to determine initial abdominal imaging test results and clinical course. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of ultrasound for detection of traumatic injury were calculated. Of 19,128 patients with suspected abdominal trauma, 385 (2 %) were pregnant. Of these, 372 (97 %) received ultrasound as the initial abdominal imaging test. All 13 pregnant patients who did not receive ultrasound received abdominal CT. Seven pregnant patients underwent both ultrasound and CT. Seven ultrasound examinations were positive, leading to one therapeutic Cesarean section and one laparotomy. One ultrasound was considered false positive (no injury was seen on subsequent CT). There were 365 negative ultrasound examinations. Of these, 364 were true negative (no abdominal injury subsequently found). One ultrasound was considered false negative (a large fetal subchorionic hemorrhage seen on subsequent dedicated obstetrical ultrasound). Sensitivity and positive predictive value were 85.7 %. Specificity and negative predictive value were 99.7 %. Abdominal sonography is an effective and sufficient imaging examination in pregnant abdominal trauma patients. When performed as part of the initial assessment using an abbreviated trauma protocol with brief modifications for pregnancy, ultrasound minimizes diagnostic delay, obviates radiation risk, and provides high sensitivity for injury in the pregnant population.     

Blunt abdominal trauma in children: evaluation with emergency US

PURPOSE: To assess the accuracy of emergency abdominal ultrasonography (US) in the detection of both hemoperitoneum and parenchymal organ injury in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Imaging findings were recorded prospectively in 744 consecutive children who underwent emergency US from January 1995 to October 1998; free fluid and parenchymal abnormalities of specific organs were also noted. Patients with intraabdominal injuries were identified retrospectively. Computed tomographic (CT) findings, intraoperative findings, and clinical outcome were compared with the initial US findings. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated for patients who underwent CT, laparotomy, or both after US. RESULTS: Seventy-five (10%) of 744 patients had intraabdominal injuries, and US depicted free fluid in 42 of them. US had 56% sensitivity, 97% specificity, 82% positive predictive value, and 91% negative predictive value for detection of hemoperitoneum alone. US helped identify parenchymal abnormalities that corresponded to actual organ injury without accompanying free fluid in nine patients (12%). Inclusion of identification of parenchymal organ injury at US increased the sensitivity of US to 68%, with an accuracy of 92%. CONCLUSION: US for blunt abdominal trauma in children is highly accurate and specific, but moderately sensitive, for detection of intraabdominal injury.     

Focused abdominal US in patients with trauma

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of focused abdominal ultrasonography (US) in detecting abdominal injuries that require in-hospital patient treatment in the setting of blunt abdominal trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One thousand ninety patients with blunt abdominal trauma were assessed with focused abdominal US within 30 minutes of arrival at the hospital. Focused abdominal US results were positive if intra- or retroperitoneal fluid was detected. Patients with negative US results and no other major injuries were observed in the emergency department for 12 hours before discharge. Patients who deteriorated clinically after negative initial US underwent repeat US and/or emergency abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT). Patients with positive or indeterminate US results underwent emergency abdominopelvic CT. RESULTS: Nine hundred seventy-four (89%) patients had negative focused abdominal US results; eight of these underwent CT. Sixty-six (6%) had positive US results. Four (0.4%) had false-negative and 19 (1.7%) had false-positive US results. Twenty-seven (2.5%) had indeterminate US results; of these, five (18.5%) had positive CT results. One hundred twenty-four (11.4%) required emergency CT. After indeterminate cases were excluded, focused abdominal US had 94% sensitivity, 98% specificity, 78% positive predictive value, 100% negative predictive value, and 95% accuracy. CONCLUSION: Focused abdominal US has a high negative predictive value for major abdominal injury in patients with blunt abdominal trauma.     

Prospective evaluation of handheld ultrasound in the diagnosis of blunt abdominal trauma

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the Sonosite 180 handheld ultrasound in the diagnosis of haemoperitoneum in blunt abdominal trauma. METHODS: Trauma ultrasound using the Focused Assessment with Sonar for Trauma (FAST) technique was performed using the Sonosite 180 handheld ultrasound during the primary survey of adult patients triaged to the resuscitation room with multiple trauma or suspected abdominal injury. The ultrasound findings were compared against the investigation of choice of the attending surgeon/accident & emergency physician--CT, DPL, laparotomy or clinical observation. RESULTS: 50 patients who had sustained blunt abdominal trauma were evaluated using FAST. Satisfactory images were obtained in 96%. There were 5 true positive scans confirmed by CT, DPL or laparotomy. There were no false negative or false investigations. The sensitivity and specificity of handheld FAST was 100%. CONCLUSIONS: Handheld ultrasound using the Sonosite 180 system can be successfully used by appropriately trained doctors as the primary investigation in the acute evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma.