胰腺囊实性乳头状瘤临床分析及CT、MRI诊断

目的 探讨胰腺囊实性瘤(SCPTs)CT和MRI表现.方法 经手术及病理证实SCPTs 8例,均经CT平扫及增强扫描,3例MRI检查,其中2例MRI增强扫描.结果 肿瘤位于胰体、尾部7例,1例位于胰头部.肿瘤最大径平均7.6 cm.肿瘤界限清楚,包膜完整,CT平扫呈不均匀囊实性,实性结构为不规则状或呈乳头状,中心囊性部分密度较低.增强扫描肿瘤实性成分动脉期轻度强化,实质期呈中等或明显强化.肿瘤壳状及结节样钙化5例,1例肿瘤自发性破裂出血,1例胰管轻度扩张.MRI检查显示胰腺边缘清楚囊实性肿物,T1WI呈不均匀等-低混杂信号,1例瘤体内高信号,为亚急性出血.T2WI呈不均匀混杂高信号中,可见低信号区.增强扫描肿瘤实性和乳头状组织及囊壁强化.结论 SCPTs具有一定的临床,CT及MRI影像学特点,可以帮助作出正确的诊断.     

胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤的CT和MRI表现

目的:探讨胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤的CT和MRI表现,提高对其诊断水平.材料和方法:回顾性分析手术、病理证实的5例胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤的临床及影像资料.结果:5例均为年轻女性.5例CT表现为胰腺区巨大囊实性肿块,其中肿瘤位于胰尾3例、胰体1例、胰头1例, 1例肿块内伴有点状钙化,增强扫描肿块实性成分动脉期呈轻度增强,门静脉期肿块囊壁及实性成分均增强明显,囊性部分增强前后均呈低密度,其中1例伴有胰管轻度扩张,5例均未见肝内外胆管扩张.1例肿块MRI表现T1WI、T2WI高低混杂信号,邻近结构受压移位,包膜完整,增强扫描肿块实性成分明显增强,囊变坏死区无增强.结论:胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤的CT和MRI表现有一定特征,结合临床,可与其它胰腺肿瘤相鉴别.     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的影像学诊断

目的:研究胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的影像学表现,提高对该病的认识诊断水平.方法:回顾性收集7例经手术病理证实的胰腺实性假乳头状瘤,5例女性,2例男性,发病年龄为17~46岁.3例行CT和US检查,1例行CT和MR检查,2例单独行CT检查,1例单独行US检查.分析其临床特征及CT、MR、US表现.结果:7例胰腺实性假乳头状瘤中,1例诊断为恶性,6例诊断为未定性.6例未定性中,1例于术后半年复查发现肿瘤复发及肝转移.CT均表现为巨大的囊实性肿块,其中2例可见钙化,增强扫描后,肿块囊壁与实性成分不均匀强化,出血坏死区无强化.MR可见肿块在T1WI、T2WI上呈不均匀混杂信号,能识别肿瘤内部的坏死囊变及出血等特异性征象.US可见肿块呈孤立性、囊实性结构,边界清楚锐利,有包膜回声.肿块周边及实质内可探及血流信号,以静脉血流为主.结论:胰腺实性假乳头状瘤影像学表现较具特征性,结合临床特征对术前诊断很有帮助.     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的影像学特点与临床预后分析

目的探讨胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤(solid pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas,SPT)的影像学表现及外科治疗后的预后情况。方法方对我院收治的手术治疗且术后病理证实的20例SPT患者的临床资料进行分析。结果 CT联合MRI可以准确发现胰腺肿物位置,CT平扫均显示为边界清楚的密度不均匀的,囊-实性或囊性、实性占位性病变,同时可以发现钙化灶;CT增强扫描实性部分及包膜呈中度强化,静脉期和延迟期呈持续强化,但强化程度低于正常胰腺组织。囊性成分呈液性,低密度,无强化。MRI检查显示边界清楚、信号混杂的囊-实性肿块。通过在T1WI、T2WI上显示的不同信号分辨囊性或实性成分;增强扫描可见包膜强化,随着不同时期,包膜的信号强化度不同。经过手术治疗后,患者获得长期生存,复发率低。结论通过影像学资料分析可确定最佳手术方案。     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的:探讨胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的CT、MRI表现特征。方法:回顾性分析10例经手术病理证实的胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的临床特征及CT、MRI表现。结果:10例患者中,1例为15岁男性,其余多为年轻女性,无黄疸。10例CT均表现为胰腺巨大的囊实性肿块,其中2例肿块内可见钙化;5例肿块在T1WI、T2WI上呈高低混杂信号,增强后肿块实性成分均明显强化,囊变坏死区无强化。结论:胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的CT、MRI表现较具特征性,结合临床资料可在术前作出诊断。     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的CT及MRI诊断

目的:探讨胰腺实性假乳头状瘤(SPTP)的CT及MRI表现.方法:9例经外科手术后病理组织学证实的SPTP,术前5例进行CT及MRI平扫和增强扫描,4例只进行CT平扫和增强扫描.结果:肿瘤3例发生在胰头颈部,6例发生在胰尾部.直径2～11cm,均含有囊壁的囊实性肿块,囊性、实性成分比例各有不同,肿瘤内伴有不同程度的出血,囊壁与周围组织分界清楚,9例均未见钙化灶.增强扫描肿瘤实性部分及囊壁有强化,动脉期呈轻度强化,静脉期及延迟期呈轻中度强化,延迟期肿瘤实性部分强化体积及程度更大,囊性和实性结构变得清晰,但均低于正常胰腺.结论:SPTPCT及MRI表现具有一定的特征性.     

超声、CT及MRI在胰腺实性假乳头状瘤诊断中的价值

目的探讨胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的超声US、CT及MRI表现,旨在提高对实性假乳头状瘤的认识,提高影像诊断准确率。方法回顾性分析2003年2月-2013年8月12例经手术病理证实的SPTP患者的US、CT、MRI特征及临床资料。结果 12例声像图呈实性、囊性或囊实混合性回声,CDFI多见点状血流;CT表现8例见钙化,依据肿瘤内实性和囊性成分比例不同,动脉期轻至中度强化,门脉期及延迟期呈渐进性强化,病灶增强扫描各期强化强化程度始终低于正常胰腺实质;MRI平扫囊性成分病灶在T1WI呈明显低信号,T2WI呈明显高信号;病变内实性成分T1WI呈低信号,T2WI等或略高信号;DWI呈高信号,增强扫描强化模式与CT强化模式相仿。结论 SPTP临床表现无特异性,好发于年轻女性,术前诊断主要依赖US、CT、MRI检查。影像学检查能够明确病变位置、大小及周围情况,为临床制定合理的手术方案提供更准确的信息,改善患者预后。     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤影像学诊断与病理对照分析

目的:分析胰腺实性假乳头状瘤(SPTP)影像学表现,并与病理学对照,旨在提高对该病的认识及诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析13例经手术及病理证实的胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的临床、CT和MRI资料,将影像学表现与手术病理结果对照。结果:SPTP好发于20~40岁女性,胰尾、胰头为好发部位。影像学多表现为境界清晰的圆形、类圆形胰腺肿块,瘤体通常较大(≥5cm)。平扫主要表现为囊实性混杂密度/信号,实性结构边缘分布为主,部分呈乳头状或壁结节样突起。动态增强后实性部分早期轻度强化,后期呈渐进性强化。13例肿瘤均有包膜,多伴有出血及囊变,出血在MRI上多呈现为特征性的“分层现象”。所有病灶无论其大小及在胰腺所处位置,均未见胆管、胰管扩张,罕见腹腔淋巴结肿大及远处脏器转移。结论:胰腺实性假乳头状瘤影像学表现具有相对特征性,CT和MRI对其诊断有重要价值,其中MRI在显示病灶出血、囊变、包膜方面更具优势。     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的MRI影像特征

【摘要】目的：探讨胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的MRI影像特征,提高对该肿瘤MRI征象的认识和诊断能力。方法：回顾性分析17例经手术病理证实的胰腺实性假乳头状瘤患者的MRI资料,所有患者均进行抑脂T1WI和T2WI序列,DWI（b=800s/mm2）和动态增强扫描。两名阅片者独立观察肿瘤一般表现（部位、内部成分、包膜、出血和钙化、信号强度等）,测量ADC值和时间-信号强度曲线,与正常胰腺对比,总结该肿瘤MRI特点。结果：17例肿瘤均为单发,边界清楚,大多数类圆形,4例发生在胰头、3例在胰颈、5例在胰体、5例在胰尾。3例实性病灶呈均匀T1WI低、T2WI高和DWI高信号,无包膜和出血且早期均匀并持续强化;14例为囊实性/囊性肿瘤信号混杂且不均匀延迟强化,2例有钙化,4例出血,12例有包膜。肿瘤实性部分DWI上呈高信号,ADC值低于正常胰腺,差别有统计学意义（t=13.67,P＜0.001）。所有病例均无继发胰胆管扩张、淋巴结转移及周围结构受侵等表现。结论：SPNP有较为典型的MRI特征,MRI特别是DWI和动态增强扫描对于该肿瘤诊断具有重要价值。     

不典型神经鞘瘤的影像学诊断

目的 探讨不典型神经鞘瘤的临床影像学表现特点。方法 回顾分析44例经病理学诊断的不典型神经鞘瘤的CT和MRI表现。结果 CT表现为类圆形或分叶状低密度或等低混杂密度灶,绝大多数（38/40）边界清楚,其中实性肿瘤17例,囊实性病灶19例,单纯囊性病灶4例。CT增强扫描肿瘤实质呈渐进性不均匀强化。囊性病灶内存在强化程度不一的结节灶可能是囊实性神经鞘瘤较为特征性的表现。实性病灶呈＂同心圆样＂强化可能是实性神经鞘瘤比较有价值的征象。MRI上肿瘤实质部分呈稍长T1稍长T2信号,囊性部分呈长T1长T2信号,病灶周围可见水肿信号;＂靶征＂是特征性的MRI表现。结论 不典型神经鞘瘤可发生在身体任何部位,熟悉其影像学特点对诊断很有帮助。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.