七氟醚在不同气体流量下代谢产物A物质浓度差异及对患者肝肾功能影响

目的比较吸入全麻过程中,患者接受相同浓度和时间的七氟醚暴露时,低气体流量(500 mL/min)和高气体流量(2 L/min)产生A物质(compound A,CA)浓度差异以及对肝肾功能的影响。方法将患者(n=40)随机分为高流量组和低流量组。麻醉开始后每隔30 min在呼吸管路吸气端取样,检测CA浓度。在术前、术后检测患者的肝肾功能(ALT、AST、Tbil、Dbil、BUN及Cr)。结果两组患者的七氟醚浓度(0.9692 vs 0.9675MAC)以及浓度-时间-AUC(2.40 vs 2.41MAC-h)不存在显著差异;两组CA浓度(27.70 vs 11.54 ppm)和浓度-时间-AUC(55.76 vs23.19 ppm-h)存在显著差异。两组患者术前、术后的肝肾功能(ALT、AST、Tbil、Dbil、BUN及Cr)无显著改变。结论低流量(500 mL/min)和高流量(2 L/min)条件下七氟醚所产生的CA浓度存在显著差异,但不会引起患者肝肾功能指标的改变。     

Effect of charcoal filter on the emergence from sevoflurane anesthesia in a semi-closed rebreathing circuit

Purpose

A charcoal filter attached within the anesthetic circuit has been shown to efficiently adsorb halothane or isoflurane, thus hastening anesthetic recovery in low or minimal flow system. This study was intended to demonstrate whether the charcoal filter enhances the recovery time from sevoflurane anesthesia using a semi-closed circuit system.

Materials and Methods

Thirty healthy patients scheduled for elective surgery under sevoflurane anesthesia were randomly assigned to the charcoal filter or control group. Upon completion of surgery, the end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane was maintained at 2.0 vol%. A charcoal filter was attached to the expiratory limb of the breathing circuit of charcoal filter group subjects. After sevoflurane was discontinued, ventilation was controlled with the same minute volume as the intra-operative period at a fresh gas flow rate of 5 L·min^-1 with 100% O₂. The elimination kinetics of sevoflurane from end-tidal concentration, Bispectral index and times of eye opening and extubation were obtained.

Results

The exponential time constant (τ) of alveolar sevoflurane concentration in the charcoal filter group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (1.7±0.5 vs. 2.5±1.1 min, p=0.008). The charcoal filter hastened rapid eye opening (11.1±3.8 vs. 14.8±3.0 min, p=0.007) and extubation (11.9±3.9 vs. 15.3±3.2 min, p=0.014), compared to the control group.

Conclusion

A charcoal filter enhances the recovery from sevoflurane anesthesia with a semi-closed rebreathing circuit.     

Clinical effects of sevoflurane anesthesia induction with a portable inhalational anesthetic circuit in pediatric patients

Introduction

Pediatric anesthesia induction with sevoflurane usually needs a special vaporizer and gas source, which limits its use to the operating room (OR). Many children feel anxious and cry when entering the OR because of being separated from their parents, which impairs anesthesia safety and their physical and mental health. In this study, we used a portable circuit to perform sevoflurane anesthesia induction outside the OR, assessed its effects and compared them with those of ketamine anesthesia in pediatric patients.

Material and methods

One hundred children had anesthesia induced with either sevoflurane (sevoflurane group) through the portable inhalational anesthetic circuit, or ketamine by intramuscular injection (ketamine group), then were transferred to the OR. Peak inspired concentration (Cp) and steady state concentration (Cs) of sevoflurane were measured. Heart rate (HR) and saturation of peripheral oxygen (SpO₂) were monitored. Time for anesthesia induction, awakening, leaving the OR and duration of the operation were recorded. The patients’ reaction during anesthesia was also analyzed.

Results

The Cp and Cs of sevoflurane were correlated with bodyweight. Compared with the ketamine group, the sevoflurane group showed shorter time for anesthesia induction (28 ±7 s vs. 195 ±34 s, p < 0.0001), awakening (11.2 ±3.6 s vs. 63.5 ±6.7 s, p < 0.0001) and leaving the OR (20.5 ±5.6 s vs. 43.4 ±10.6, p < 0.0001), less noncooperation during anesthesia induction (10% vs. 80%, p < 0.0001), lower HR (130 ±16 beats/min vs. 143 ±19 beats/min, p = 0.0004) and higher SpO₂ (98.9 ±0.9% vs. 96.1 ±2.5%, p < 0.0001) on arrival at the OR.

Conclusions

Pediatric anesthesia induction by sevoflurane with the portable inhalational anesthetic circuit is convenient, safe and effective outside the OR.     

Arterial blood and end-tidal concentrations of sevoflurane during the emergence from anesthesia in gynecologic patients

OBJECTIVE:

The end-tidal concentration of inhalation anesthetics is a clinical indicator for predicting the emergence from anesthesia. This study was conducted to assess the relationship between arterial blood and end-tidal sevoflurane concentrations during emergence.

METHODS:

Thirty-two female American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II patients receiving general anesthesia for elective gynecologic surgery were included. A fixed dose of 3.5% inspiratory sevoflurane in 6 L min^-1 oxygen was maintained until the end of surgery. At 20 and 10 minutes before and 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes after discontinuing sevoflurane, as well as at the time of eye opening by verbal command, defined as awakening, 1 ml arterial blood was obtained to measure its sevoflurane concentration by gas chromatography. Simultaneous inspiratory and end-tidal concentrations of sevoflurane were detected by an infrared analyzer and tested by Bland–Altman agreement analysis.

RESULTS:

The arterial blood concentrations of sevoflurane were similar to the simultaneous end-tidal concentrations during emergence: 0.36% (0.10) and 0.36% (0.08) sevoflurane at awakening, respectively. The mean time from discontinuing sevoflurane to eye opening was 15.8 minutes (SD 2.9, range 10-26) and was significantly correlated with the duration of anesthesia (52-192 minutes) (P = 0.006) but not with the body mass index or total fentanyl dose.

CONCLUSION:

The mean awakening arterial blood concentration of sevoflurane was 0.36%. The time to awakening was prolonged in accordance with the anesthetic duration within 3 hours. With well-assisted ventilation during emergence, the sevoflurane end-tidal concentration was nearly equal to its arterial blood concentration, which could be a feasible predictor for awakening.     

七氟醚与丙泊酚静脉麻醉对老年髋关节置换术患者 认知功能的影响

目的 比较七氟醚复合静脉麻醉与丙泊酚静脉麻醉对老年髋关节置换术患者认知功能的影响。方法 择期拟行髋关节置换术老年患者60例,采用随机数字表法分为七氟醚组和丙泊酚组,各30例,七氟醚组常规麻醉诱导后予2.5%~3.5%七氟醚,丙泊酚组常规麻醉诱导后予丙泊酚静脉靶控输注,分别于术前1 d 和术后7 d行镇静/警觉评分和简明精神状态量表评分评价患者认知功能。结果 丙泊酚组OAA/s评分（4.21±0.40）分,高于七氟醚组（3.98±0.35）分,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;术后7 d丙泊酚组MMSE评分、语言能力,高于七氟醚组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,定向力、记忆力、注意力和计算力、回忆能力与七氟醚组,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 丙泊酚静脉麻醉引起的术后认知功能损害低于七氟醚复合静脉麻醉,是老年患者更为理想的麻醉方案。     

Sofnolime with different water content causes different effects in two sevoflurane inhalational induction techniques with respect to the output of compound-a

Objective: During sevoflurane anesthesia with Sofnolime for CO2 absorption, the factors affecting the production of compound A (a chemical is nepherotoxic) are still not clear. This study is designed to investigate the effects of different fresh gas flow during induction, the vital capacity induction (VCI) vs. the tidal volume breath induction (TBI) on the compound-A production with a fresh Sofnolime or a dehydrated Sofnolime using a simulated lung model.Method: The experiments were randomly divided into four groups: group one, VCIf, vital capacity fresh gas inflow with fresh Sofnolime; group two, TBIf, tidal volume breath fresh gas inflow with fresh Sofnolime; group three, VCId, vital capacity fresh gas inflow with dehydrated Sofnolime, and group four, TBId, tidal volume breath fresh gas inflow with dehydrated Sofnolime. The inspired sevoflurane was maintained at 8%, the concentrations of compound-A were assayed using Gas-spectrum technique, and Sofnolime temperatures were monitored at 1-min intervals throughout the experiment.Results: The mean and maximum concentrations of compound A were significantly higher in the vital capacity group than the tidal volume breath group (P<0.01). At the beginning of anesthesia maintenance, the compound-A concentration in group VCIf was 36.28±6.13 ppm, which was significantly higher than the 27.32±4.21 ppm observed in group TBIf (P<0.01). However, these values decreased to approximately 2 ppm in the dehydrated Sofnolime groups. Sofnolime temperatures increased rapidly in the dehydrated Sofnolime groups but slowly in the fresh Sofnolime groups.Conclusion: With fresh Sofnolime, vital capacity induction increased compound-A production in the circuit system compared with tidal volume breath induction. However, with dehydrated Sofnolime, the effects of the two inhalation induction techniques on compound-A output were not significantly different.     

七氟烷对老年大鼠认知功能及海马CA1区胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ表达的影响

目的探讨不同剂量七氟烷对老年大鼠认知功能及海马CA1区胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ（IGF-Ⅰ）表达的影响。方法选取12月龄SD大鼠40只,雌雄不限,随机分为5组（n=8）：对照组（A组）吸入空气,B、C组吸入1．5％七氟烷2h,D、E组吸入3．0％七氟烷2h。B、D组1d后进行认知功能测试,C、E组7d后进行认知功能测试。所有大鼠在实验结束后行Y型迷宫测试．认知功能测试完毕后立即处死大鼠．取海马组织,左侧海马用RT—PCR方法测定CA1区IGF—Ⅰ mRNA的表达,右侧海马用免疫组织化学法检测IGF-Ⅰ蛋白的表达。结果与对照组相比,高浓度七氟烷1d组（D组）认知功能下降,IGF—Ⅰ蛋白和IGF—Ⅰ mRNA表达明显减少．其他七氟烷组与对照组相比认知功能无明显变化．IGF—Ⅰ蛋白和IGF—Ⅰ mRNA表达的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论高浓度七氟烷可在短时期内降低老年大鼠认知功能,可能与海马CA1区IGF—Ⅰ含量降低有关．内源性IGF—Ⅰ的表达减少可能在老年大鼠认知功能障碍的发生、发展过程中起到重要作用。     

Lipid-emulsion propofol less attenuates the regulation of body temperature than micro-emulsion propofol or sevoflurane in the elderly

Purpose

Anesthesia and surgery commonly cause hypothermia, and this caused by a combination of anesthetic-induced impairment of thermoregulatory control, a cold operation room environment and other factors that promote heat loss. All the general anesthetics markedly impair normal autonomic thermoregulatory control. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of two different types of propofol versus inhalation anesthetic on the body temperature.

Materials and Methods

In this randomized controlled study, 36 patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic gastrectomy were allocated into three groups; group S (sevoflurane, n=12), group L (lipid-emulsion propofol, n=12) and group M (micro-emulsion propofol, n=12). Anesthesia was maintained with typical doses of the study drugs and all the groups received continuous remifentanil infusion. The body temperature was continuously monitored after the induction of general anesthesia until the end of surgery.

Results

The body temperature was decreased in all the groups. The temperature gradient of each group (group S, group L and group M) at 180 minutes from induction of anesthesia was 2.5±0.6℃, 1.6±0.5℃ and 2.3±0.6℃, respectively. The body temperature of group L was significantly higher than that of group S and group M at 30 minutes and 75 minute after induction of anesthesia, respectively. There were no temperature differences between group S and group M.

Conclusion

The body temperature is maintained at a higher level in elderly patients anesthetized with lipid-emulsion propofol.     

七氟烷和丙泊酚麻醉对肺癌患者围术期细胞因子平衡的影响

目的:探讨七氟烷单纯吸入麻醉和丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉对肺癌患者围术期细胞因子平衡的影响.方法:选择90例择期开胸行单纯性肺叶切除术的肺癌患者,随机分为两组:A组采用七氟烷单纯吸入麻醉;B组采用丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉,每组45例.分别于麻醉诱导前即刻(T0)、单肺通气开始前即刻(T1)、单肺通气结束前即刻(T2)、手术关胸后即刻...     

艾司氯胺酮复合麻醉在小儿瘢痕非插管全身麻醉患者超脉冲点阵二氧化碳激光治疗术中的应用及效果观察

目的探讨艾司氯胺酮+七氟烷+小儿布洛芬肛栓在小儿烧伤后增生性瘢痕非插管全身麻醉患者超脉冲二氧化碳点阵激光(UFCL)治疗术中的应用及效果观察。 方法选取2020年1月至2021年4月就诊于空军军医大学第一附属医院烧伤与皮肤外科门诊89例烧伤后增生性瘢痕患儿纳入本随机对照临床试验。将患儿采用随机数字表法分为氯胺酮+丙泊酚组[共42例,其中男22例,女20例,平均年龄为(44.33±14.87)个月]和复合麻醉镇痛组(艾司氯胺酮+七氟烷+小儿布洛芬肛栓)[共47例,男24例,女23例,平均年龄(44.47±14.65)个月];在麻醉前和术中监测患儿血流动力学指标以及警觉/镇静(OAA/S)量表评分;在麻醉清醒时(T0)、麻醉清醒后1 h(T1)、麻醉清醒后2 h(T2)应用儿童疼痛行为量表(FLACC)对患儿疼痛程度进行评估;分别于术前和术后6个月应用温哥华瘢痕量表(VSS)对瘢痕进行评分。对数据行独立样本t检验和χ²检验。 结果(1)麻醉前氯胺酮+丙泊酚组血流动力学及OAA/S量表评分[平均动脉压(63.71±3.40)mmHg、心率(107.21±9.45)次/min、呼吸(25.29±2.34)次/min、血氧饱和度(99.00±0.80)%、OAA/S量表评分(4.64±0.49)分]与复合麻醉镇痛组[平均动脉压(63.87±3.57)mmHg、心率(109.34±12.21)次/min、呼吸(26.473.53)次/min、血氧饱和度(98.77±0.91)%、OAA/S量表评分(4.57±0.50)分]比较差异均无统计学意义(t＝-0.213、0.490、-1.840、1.280、0.204,P>0.05);麻醉后手术中氯胺酮+丙泊酚组[平均动脉压(56.29±2.43)mmHg、心率(94.48±7.01)次/min、呼吸(21.07±3.03)次/min、血氧饱和度(96.12±1.64)%、OAA/S量表评分(2.07±0.71)分]与复合麻醉镇痛组[平均动脉压(62.87±3.56)mmHg、心率(108.791±1.93)次/min、呼吸(26.52±3.48)次/min、血氧饱和度(99.23±0.67)%、OAA/S量表评分(1.45±0.50)分]比较差异有统计学意义(t＝-10.068、-6.794、-7.824、-11.960、4.820,P<0.05)。(2)氯胺酮+丙泊酚组患儿麻醉清醒时[T0：(4.40±1.17)分]麻醉清醒后1 h[T1：(2.05±0.88)分]、麻醉清醒后2 h[T2：(0.43±0.63)分]FLACC评分比复合麻醉镇痛组[(1.32±0.96)、(0.43±0.62)、(0.13±0.34)分]评分高,说明患儿疼痛度高,且数据比较差异均有统计学意义(t＝10.139、13.669、2.794,P<0.05)。(3)术前及术后6个月瘢痕评分：氯胺酮+丙泊酚组[(9.33±1.60)、(4.48±1.11)分]与复合麻醉镇痛组[(8.43±2.04)、(4.26±1.04)分]相比差异均无统计学意义(t＝2.320、0.940, P>0.05)。 结论复合麻醉镇痛措施在小儿烧伤后增生性瘢痕非插管全身麻醉患者(UFCL)治疗术中应用效果较好,可使患儿术中血流动力学平稳,术中镇静良好,术后疼痛度较低,对于激光治疗效果无影响。     

全凭吸入七氟醚麻醉在小儿腭裂修补术中的应用

目的：探讨全凭吸入七氟醚麻醉用于小儿腭裂修补术的效果及安全性。方法：40例择期腭裂修补术患儿随机均分为七氟醚组（S组）和安氟醚组（E组），每组20例。E组安氟醚浓度由1％逐渐升至4％，S组七氟醚浓度由1％逐渐升至8％。维持阶段，挥发性麻醉药浓度维持在1．3～1．5MAC。连续监测血压、心率等指标，观察并比较两组诱导、维持及恢复过程。结果：麻醉期间两组血压、心率比较无显著差异（P〉0．05），诱导及恢复过程拒吸、呛咳、躁动等各项指标S组明显好于E组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论：全凭吸入七氟醚麻醉是小儿腭裂修补术较理想的麻醉方法。     

Remifentanil prevents tourniquet-induced arterial pressure increase in elderly orthopedic patients under sevoflurane/N2O general anesthesia

Aims: Prolonged tourniquet inflation produces a hyperdynamic cardiovascular response. We investigated the effect of continuous remifentanil infusion on systemic arterial pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output changes during prolonged tourniquet use in elderly patients under sevoflurane/N₂O general anesthesia.Methods: Thirty female patients scheduled for knee replacement arthroplasty were infused with either remifentanil at a target organ concentration of 2.0 ng/mL (remifentanil group, n = 15) or saline (control group, n = 15) after induction of anesthesia. Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane and N₂O. Heart rate (HR), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), cardiac index (CI), total systemic vascular resistance index (TSVRI), BIS, end-tidal sevoflurane concentration (EtSEVO), and end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration (EtCO₂) were measured during the study period.Results: There were significant differences in mean HR, SAP, DAP, and EtSEVO over time between the groups (P = 0.047, P < 0.001, P = 0.017, and P < 0.001, respectively). There was a statistically significant time trend effect (P < 0.001) in HR, SAP, DAP, and CI between the groups, with a statistically significant time-group interaction between the two groups (P = 0.02, 0.007, 0.001, 0.01, respectively).Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that infusion with remifentanil prevented an increase in hemodynamic pressure during tourniquet inflation in elderly patients under sevoflurane/N₂O general anesthesia.     

Effects of sevoflurane and propofol on right ventricular function and pulmonary circulation in patients undergone esophagectomy

Object: Sevoflurane and propofol are both widely used in clinical anesthesia. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of sevoflurane and propofol on right ventricular function and pulmonary circulation in patients receiving esophagectomy. Methods: Forty adult patients undergoing an elective open-chest thoracotomy for esophagectomy were randomized to receive either propofol (n=20) or sevoflurane (n=20) as the main anesthetic agent. The study was performed in Changzheng Hospital. Hemodynamic data were recorded at specific intervals: before the surgery (T0), BIS values reaching 40 after anesthesia induction (T1), two-lung ventilation (T2), ten minutes after one-lung ventilation (T3), the end of the operation (T4) using PiCCO₂ and Swan-Ganz catheter. Results: CI, RVEF, RVSWI and RVEDVI were significantly smaller in propofol group than those in sevoflurane group throughout the surgery (P<0.05). However, SVRI was significantly greater in propofol group than that in sevoflurane group (P<0.05). Compared with the patients in propofol group, the patients who received sevoflurane had a greater reduction in OI and increase in Os/Ot (P<0.05). And, PVRI was significantly smaller in sevoflurane group than in propofol group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Anesthesia with sevoflurane preserved better right ventricular function than propofol in patients receiving esophagectomy. However, propofol improved oxygenation and shunt fraction during one-lung ventilation compared with sevoflurane anesthesia. To have the best effect, anesthesiologists can choose the two anesthetics flexibly according to the monitoring results.     

The Effect of Sevoflurane Inhalation on Gabaergic Neurons Activation: Observation on the GAD67‐GFP Knock‐In Mouse

The mechanisms underlying volatile anesthesia agents are not well elucidated. Emerging researches have focused on the participation of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons but there still lacks morphological evidence. To elucidate the possible activation of GABAergic neurons by sevoflurane inhalation in morphology, Fos (as neuronal activity marker) and GABA neurons double labeling were observed on the brain of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 67‐GFP knock‐in mice after sevoflurane inhalation. Twenty GAD67‐GFP knock‐in mice were divided into three groups: S1 group: incomplete anesthesia state induced by sevoflurane; S2 group: complete anesthesia state induced by sevoflurane; control(C) group. Sevoflurane induced a significant increase of Fos expression in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DM), periaqueductal grey (PAG), hippocampus (CA1, DG), paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PV), lateral septal nucleus (LS), and cingulate cortex (Cg1 and Cg2) in S1 group compared to C group, and increase of Fos expression in S2 group compared to S1 group. In S2 group, Fos was only expressed in the medial amygdaloid nucleus (MeA), Edinger–Westphal (E–W) nucleus, arcuate hypothalamic nucleus (Arc) and the ventral part of paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PaV). Double immunofluroscent staining indicated that in LS, almost all Fos werepresent in GABAergic neurons. In CA1, DG, DM, cg1, cg2, and PAG, Fos was expressed as well, but only few were present in GABAergic neurons. Fos expression was very high in thalamus, but no coexistence were found as noGABAergic neuron was detected in this area. Our results provided morphological evidence that GABAergic transmission in specific brain areas may participate in the sevoflurane‐induced anesthesia. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

罗库溴铵与七氟烷用于气管插管的麻醉效果对比分析

目的 对比罗库溴铵与七氟烷用于气管插管全麻中的效果。方法 选取2017年7月~12月我院108例行气管插管全麻的手术患者,采用随机数字表法分为实验组和参照组,各54例。实验组予以罗库溴铵进行麻醉,参照组予以七氟烷进行麻醉,对比两组患者的插管条件评分、平均动脉压及心率。结果 实验组患者的插管条件评分为（5.21±0.52）分,优于参照组的（7.85±0.83）分,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。实验组患者的MAP及HR波动范围小于参照组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 在气管插管全身麻醉中选用罗库溴铵,插管条件优于七氟烷,且罗库溴铵对患者的血流动力学影响较小。     

Modeling of Recovery Profiles in Mentally Disabled and Intact Patients after Sevoflurane Anesthesia; A Pharmacodynamic Analysis

Purpose

Mentally disabled patients show different recovery profiles compared to normal patients after general anesthesia. However, the relationship of dose-recovery profiles of mentally disabled patients has never been compared to that of normal patients.

Materials and Methods

Twenty patients (10 mentally disabled patients and 10 mentally intact patients) scheduled to dental surgery under general anesthesia was recruited. Sevoflurane was administered to maintain anesthesia during dental treatment. At the end of the surgery, sevoflurane was discontinued. End-tidal sevoflurane and recovery of consciousness (ROC) were recorded after sevoflurane discontinuation. The pharmacodynamic relation between the probability of ROC and end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was analyzed using NONMEM software (version VII).

Results

End-tidal sevoflurane concentration associated with 50% probability of ROC (C₅₀) and γ value were lower in the mentally disabled patients (C₅₀=0.37 vol %, γ=16.5 in mentally intact patients, C₅₀=0.19 vol %, γ=4.58 in mentally disabled patients). Mentality was a significant covariate of C₅₀ for ROC and γ value to pharmacodynamic model.

Conclusion

A sigmoid Emanx model explains the pharmacodynamic relationship between end-tidal sevoflurane concentration and ROC. Mentally disabled patients may recover slower from anesthesia at lower sevoflurane concentration at ROC an compared to normal patients.     

七氟醚全麻诱导在心脏瓣膜置换术中的应用

目的比较七氟醚和异丙酚全麻诱导用于心脏瓣膜置换术的效果。方法择期心脏瓣膜置换病人70例,ASAⅠ级至Ⅲ级,年龄22～69岁,行全身麻醉。随机分为七氟醚组和异丙酚组,每组35例,其中七氟醚组（S组）吸入6%七氟醚麻醉诱导;异丙酚组（P组）用异丙酚静脉麻醉诱导,两组均静脉注入10μg/kg芬太尼。病人入室后记录血压（BP）、心率（HR）作为基础值。记录插管前、即刻、插管后1、2、3min的BP和HR以及病人意识消失的时间。结果与基础值比较,插管前即刻两组BP均下降,S组HR减慢（P〈0.01）;插管后1minP组BP下降（P〈0.01）;插管后3min,P组HR较S组快（P〈0.05）。结论七氟醚可安全用于心脏瓣膜置换术全麻诱导。     

Comparison of sevoflurane-nitrous oxide and target-controlled propofol with fentanyl anesthesia for hysteroscopy

A randomized prospective study was performed on the anesthetic induction, maintenance, and recovery characteristics of sevoflurane-nitrous oxide, compared to that of target- controlled propofol and fentanyl anesthesia, for forty day-case hysteroscopic surgery. The patients in the sevoflurane group (n = 20) received sevoflurane-nitrous oxide for both induction (8%) and maintenance (1 - 2%) of anesthesia, while the patients in the propofol group (n = 20) received target-controlled propofol (4 micro g/ml, 3-6 micro g/ml as occasion demanded) with fentanyl (1 micro g/kg). In both groups, the airway was maintained by a facemask with the patient breathing spontaneously during the surgery. The mean times to unconsciousness and readiness for surgery were similar in both groups, with those for the sevoflurane group, compared to the propofol group being 80.4 +/- 18.9 vs. 83.6 +/- 38.8 sec, and 220.1 +/- 76.9 vs. 231.0 +/- 95.4 sec, respectively. Propofol was associated with significantly higher incidences of involuntary movement (30% vs. 5%) and apnea (35% vs. 0%) during the induction period than with sevoflurane. Hemodynamic variables were similar with the exception of significantly lower blood pressures during the first 5 minutes of induction with propofol. Emergence times to eye opening, hand squeezing and orientation for sevoflurane compared to propofol were: 316.6 +/- 79.3 vs. 507.4 +/- 218.8 sec, 390.0 +/- 69.3 vs. 653.1 +/- 201.6 sec and 380.6 +/- 80.8 vs. 666.3 +/- 208.7 sec, respectively, all of these being significantly faster for sevoflurane than propofol. The postanesthetic Aldrete's recovery scores of the patients immediately after surgery were higher in the sevoflurane group. Propofol was associated with more drowsiness, with sevoflurane being associated with more nausea, in the recovery period; however, neither delayed the time to discharge (103.7 +/- 28.1 vs. 99.0 +/- 36.2 min). In conclusion, sevoflurane-nitrous oxide appears to be superior for day-case hysteroscopic surgery, than target-controlled propofol with fentanyl, with regards to the speed of recovery from anesthesia and the return to hemodynamic stability.     

异丙酚和七氟醚麻醉对新生鼠空间学习和记忆能力的影响

目的探讨异丙酚和七氟醚麻醉对新生鼠空间学习和记忆能力的影响。方法新生7 d龄SD大鼠,每90min给予30 mg/kg异丙酚或七氟醚吸入麻醉6 h,给予葡萄糖溶液组给予对照,于第7周进行Morris水迷宫实验测试空间学习和记忆能力的影响。结果异丙酚麻醉组2～4 d大鼠的潜伏期,游泳距离均明显长于对照组,表明异丙酚麻醉组有着明显的行为缺陷,而七氟醚吸入麻醉组和对照组相比没有明显的差异。结论异丙酚麻醉会引起新生鼠长久的学习和记忆能力的损伤,而七氟醚则没有此影响。     

Comparison of the effects of inhalational and total intravenous anesthesia on quality of recovery in patients undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery: a randomized controlled trial

Background: Endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery has shown promising results. However, fast and high-quality recovery after this procedure remains a challenge for neuroanesthesiologists. This study aimed to compare the quality of recovery after transsphenoidal pituitary surgery between patients who received inhalational anesthesia with sevoflurane and patients who received propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA).Methods: Eighty-two patients undergoing transsphenoidal pituitary surgery were randomized to receive either sevoflurane inhalation with manual infusion of remifentanil (sevoflurane group) or effect-site target-controlled infusion of propofol and remifentanil (TIVA group). The primary outcome was the 40-item Quality of Recovery (QoR-40) score on postoperative day 1. The QoR-40 questionnaire was completed by patients the day before surgery and on postoperative days 1 and 2. Emergence agitation and recovery characteristics were also assessed.Results: There were no significant differences between the groups in the global QoR-40 scores on both postoperative days 1 and 2 (difference -8.7, 95% CI -18.0 to 0.7, and P = 0.204; -3.6, 95% CI -13.0 to 5.8, and P > 0.999, respectively). The time to verbal response and time to extubation were significantly shorter in the sevoflurane group than in the TIVA group (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). However, the incidence of emergence agitation was lower in the TIVA group than in the sevoflurane group (P < 0.001).Conclusions: Both inhalational anesthesia with sevoflurane and propofol-based TIVA were appropriate anesthetic techniques for patients undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery in terms of the quality of recovery up to 2 days postoperatively. Rapid emergence was observed in the sevoflurane group, while smooth emergence was observed in the TIVA group.