环氧化酶-2在胃癌发生发展中的作用研究进展

胃癌是严重危害人类生命健康的恶性肿瘤,传统的治疗方法不足以降低其致死率。探索胃癌新的防治措施及其发生发展的分子机制一直为人们所关注。环氧化酶-2（cyclooxygenase-2,cox4）是分解花生四烯酸、生成各种内源性前列腺素（PG）过程中重要的诱生型限速酶。近年来的研究发现,COX-2在胃癌中的表达明显增高,而抑制COX-2表达有可能预防和逆转胃癌的发生,表明COX-2在胃癌的发生发展过程中起重要作用,     

COX-2与P73在胃癌中的表达及相关性探讨

目的：探讨COX-2和P73在胃癌组织中的表达及临床意义。方法：应用免疫组化Envision法检测COX-2和P73在62例胃癌组织中的表达情况。结果：全组COX-2阳性率为64.5%（40/62）,P73阳性率为69.4%（43/62）。COX-2的表达与组织分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移和临床TNM分期相关（P〈0.05）;P73的表达与浸润深度、淋巴结转移和临床TNM分期相关（P〈0.05）。COX-2和P73同时表达、单独表达及不表达时,胃癌的组织分化程度、病变浸润深度（T分期）、淋巴结转移（N分期）和临床分期组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。COX-2和P73在胃癌组织中的表达具有相关性（r=0.384,P〈0.05）。结论：胃癌组织中存在COX-2和P73基因的过度表达,COX-2和P73基因的过度表达与胃癌发生发展有关。     

COX-2与乳腺癌的发生发展

环氧合酶（cyclooxygenase，COX）是花生四烯酸合成前列腺素的限速酶。乳腺癌组织内环氧合酶-2的表达可能增加乳腺癌细胞的活性和侵袭力，增加前列腺素产物的生成，抑制乳腺癌细胞的凋亡等,与乳腺癌的发生、发展及预后有关。因此，应用COX-2抑制剂治疗乳腺癌成为目前的研究热点。     

IVF-ET患者卵巢颗粒细胞COX-2的表达与妊娠结局的相关性研究

目的探讨体外受精-胚胎移植(in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer,IVF-ET)患者卵巢颗粒细胞中环氧合酶-2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)的表达,分析其与妊娠结局的关系。方法荧光半定量real-time PCR检测48例行IVF-ET患者卵巢颗粒细胞中COX-2的mRNA表达,分析COX-2与注射hCG日血清雌二醇(estradiol,E_2)水平、获卵率、受精率、优质胚胎率及妊娠率的关系。结果卵巢颗粒细胞COX-2的表达量与hCG日血清E_2水平及获卵率无关,与受精率、优质胚胎率及妊娠率相关。结论 PCOS患者卵巢颗粒细胞COX-2的表达与胚胎质量相关,研究卵巢颗粒细胞的COX-2的表达可以作为预测IVF-ET妊娠结局指标之一。     

应用RNA干扰技术抑制人胃癌细胞环氧合酶-2基因的表达研究

目的 研究应用RNA干扰技术进行抑制胃癌SGC-7901细胞COX-2的表达研究。方法 依据siRNA设计原则,针对人COX-2的mRNA序列,设计并合成3条21bp的双链RNA,瞬时转染人胃癌细胞SGC-7901,Western blot验证基因沉默效率以筛选合适的siRNA序列;根据筛选出的有效序列,合成编码短发卡RNA的双链寡核苷酸,定向克隆到含有U6 RNA聚合酶Ⅲ启动子的pSilencer? 2.1-U6 neo 真核表达载体,稳定转染胃癌细胞SGC-7901中,经G418筛选,获得克隆细胞。 结果 筛选出一条有效的干扰序列,位于291-311bp,成功构建表达载体,COX-2在蛋白水平的表达明显被抑制。结论：利用化学合成siRNA进行初筛,再构建shRNA表达载体,可快速实现目的基因的表达抑制。     

COX-2代谢产物与重症肝炎的表达关系

目的:检测重症肝炎患者血清中PGs代谢产物的水平,探讨COX-2与重症肝炎的关系,进一步指导临床对重症肝炎的预测及治疗。方法:采用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测50例重症肝炎患者和25例正常对照血清中PGs代谢产物TXB2、6ketoPGF1α的水平。结果:急性,亚急性和慢性重症肝炎患者血清TXB2和6-keto-PGF1α及T/K的表达水平均明显高于对照组(P<0.01),急性、亚急性和慢性重症肝炎患者各组TXB2和6ketoPGF1α的表达水平无统计学差异。结论:COX-2在重症肝炎的发生发展中起着一定的作用,检测重症肝炎患者血清TXB2、6-keto-PGF1α的水平和T/6-K比值对监测重症肝炎患者病情转归和预后有重要临床意义。     

宫颈癌中Livin和COX-2蛋白的表达及相关性研究

目的研究Livin和COX-2在宫颈癌组织中的表达及二者的关系。方法应用免疫组化SP法检测Livin和COX-2蛋白在68例宫颈癌组织中的表达情况。结果 Livin和COX-2蛋白在正常宫颈组织均无表达,而在宫颈癌组织中的阳性表达率显著增高(P0.01);淋巴结转移组Livin和COX-2蛋白表达的阳性率均高于无淋巴结转移组(P0.05);且在宫颈癌组织中Livin和COX-2蛋白表达呈正相关。结论 Livin和COX-2的高表达可能在宫颈癌的发生及淋巴结转移中起重要作用,两者在宫颈癌发生中可能具有协同作用。联合检测宫颈癌中Livin和COX-2蛋白表达对进一步了解宫颈癌的恶性程度及判断预后有一定的应用价值。     

人胃癌细胞中COX-2基因的表达及其生物学活性

目的 为研究环氧合酶－２（ｃｙｃｌｏｏｘｙｇｅｎａｓｅ－２,ＣＯＸ－２）或通过前列腺素（ｐｒｏｓｔａｇｌａｎｄｉｎ,ＰＧ）引起的肿瘤免疫机制,我们检测了人胃癌细胞中ＣＯＸ－２ｍＲＮＡ及蛋白质水平的表达,ＰＧＥ２的释放和ＣＯＸ－２酶活性的抑制剂消炎痛（ｉｎｄｏｍｅｔｈａｃｉｎ,Ｉｎｄｏ）对ＰＧＥ２４ 释放和肿瘤细胞生长的影响。方法 采用免疫细胞化学染色,ＲＴ－Ｐ 及ＭＴＴ比色试验方法研究人胃癌细胞Ｃ     

P53、端粒酶与胃癌及癌前病变关系的研究进展

胃癌是常见的恶性肿瘤之一,胃癌的发生是一个多因素、多阶段、多基因变异的病理过程。近年来人们一直在不断地研究与胃癌有关的基因。自1983年Warran和Mashall发现幽门螺杆菌（Hpylon）以来,人群和动物实验均证明Hpylori的感染与胃癌的发生密切相关。1994年国际癌症研究机构将H．pytori明确为I类人类致癌原目前,Hpylori已经被国际上确认为胃癌的主要病因之一．现有的研究表明端粒酶的激活是细胞获得永生化以及形成恶性肿瘤的一个重要步骤,端粒酶的阳性表达与人类恶性肿瘤的发生有着非常密切的关系,而P53基因能够维持细胞的正常生长,抑制恶性增殖,启动细胞的程序性死亡,P53基因的失活可导致细胞的恶性转化,与胃癌的发生密切相关。作者通过翻阅国内外最新的文献就P53、端粒酶与胃癌及癌前病变三者的关系做一综述。     

Clinical significance of various diagnostic techniques and emerging antimicrobial resistance pattern of Helicobacter Pylori from Gastric Biopsy Samples

Background: There is no single technique that can meet the criteria in identification of Helicobacter pylori. The diagnosis is important asantimicrobial resistance is frequently observed and associated with treatment failure. The present study was conducted to evaluate diagnostic tests for identification of H pylori and to assess their antimicrobial resistance pattern. Materials and Methods: Biopsies of gastric tissue from 200 patients with disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract were studied for detection of H pylori by various methods like culture, H and E staining and urease test. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method. Results: Out of 200 patients, H pylori was detected by rapid urease test, H and E staining and culture in 26.5%, 14.5% and 2.5% cases respectively. H and E was taken as the gold standard. Sensitivity of urease test was 76.6% and of culture 13.3%. Specificity of urease was 81.7% in comparison with culture which showed 99.4% specificity. Metronidazole (05) showed high level of resistance followed by amoxicillin (03) and norfloxacillin (03). Tetracycline, erythromycin, levofloxacin and cotrimoxazole showed one resistance each to H pylori. Conclusion: H and E is taken as the gold standard according to CDC. Urease test is a better screening procedure than culture. H pylori resistance to metronidazole in our zone was highest. This is due to general and extensive use of metronidazole for other infectious diseases. Our study suggests need for a systematic approach to determine antibiogram of the strains before considering the drug regimens.     

Cyclooxygenase-2 expression and its association with angiogenesis, Helicobacter pylori, and clinicopathologic characteristics of gastric carcinoma

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is upregulated in gastric carcinoma, and its increased levels were found to have a prognostic significance in some studies. Both angiogenesis and Helicobacter pylori infection have been reported to be associated with COX-2 expression of gastric cancer in recent studies. In this study, COX-2 expression and its association with CD31 staining, H.-pylori infection, and well-known clinicopathological factors were investigated in 65 gastric cancer patients. COX-2 and CD31 expression assessment was done by immunohistochemical methods. Whartin Starry stain was performed for H.-pylori infection. Of 65 patients, 32 (49%) revealed intense COX-2 immunostaining. Among various clinicopathologic characteristics, COX-2 expression was inversely correlated with tumor size, TNM stage, and lymph node status. Thirty-two (49%) patients revealed intense CD31 immunostaining. Among various clinicopathologic characteristics, CD31 expression was associated only with lymph node metastasis. COX-2 expression was not correlated with CD31 staining and H.-pylori infection. Both COX-2 and CD31 staining had no prognostic significance. In conclusion, we found that COX-2 expression was significantly higher in earlier stages of gastric cancer. It can be suggested that COX-2 expression may be important in the initial development of gastric cancer but not in progression of the disease. Other factors which may be associated with COX-2 in gastric cancer, including angiogenesis and H.-pylori infection, should be investigated in further studies.     

幽门螺杆菌感染对中老年胃溃疡患者心理状态的影响

目的:探讨幽门螺杆菌感染对中老年胃溃疡患者心理状态的影响。方法:选取2012年6月—2016年6月于我院住院治疗的中老年胃溃疡且合并幽门螺杆菌感染共120例(观察组),选取体检健康患者共100例作为对照(对照组),使用症状自评量表(SCL-90)评价两组及观察组患者根治幽门螺杆菌感染后的心理状态评分,并进行数据比较分析。结果:观察组患者的总均分(t=5.896,P0.001)、躯体化(t=3.260,P=0.001)、强迫症状(t=3.431,P=0.001)、人际关系敏感(t=5.911,P0.001)、抑郁(t=6.282,P0.001)、焦虑(t=5.366,P0.001)、恐怖(t=5.366,P0.001)和偏执(t=2.274,P=0.024)均显著高于对照,差异均具有统计学意义。治疗后4周,观察组患者的总均分(t=4.272,P0.001)、躯体化(t=4.116,P0.001)、强迫症状(t=4.482,P0.001)、人际关系敏感(t=4.592,P0.001)、抑郁(t=6.859,P0.001)、焦虑(t=5.254,P0.001)、恐怖(t=6.800,P0.001)显著低于治疗前,差异均具有统计学意义。结论:幽门螺杆菌感染可以导致中老年胃溃疡患者产生多种负面心理,根治幽门螺杆菌感染可显著改善患者的负面心理状态。     

HER-2阳性胃癌的研究进展

胃癌是我国最常见的消化道恶性肿瘤之一,随着我国社会经济的发展、人们食物谱的改变,我国的胃癌发病率呈显著上升趋势。人类表皮生长因子受体2（HER-2）是一种原癌基因,在部分胃癌患者中存在高表达,针对HER-2的靶向治疗,可使HER-2阳性的晚期胃癌患者获得显著的生存收益。ToGA研究是胃癌靶向治疗史上的一座里程碑,它首次在大规模样本中证实看联合应用化疗药及曲妥珠单抗可有效延长患者生存期。本文就HER-2阳性胃癌的研究进展作一综述。     

Infrequent COX-2 expression due to promoter hypermethylation in gastric cancers in Dalian, China

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been shown to play oncogenic roles during stepwise gastrocarcinogenesis, and its expression is correlated with Helicobacter pylori infection, tumor necrosis factor alpha-mediated nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation, and Wnt signaling. To examine COX-2 expression and the status of its regulatory factors, we examined 49 gastric cancers (GCs), 21 premalignant tissues, and 10 noncancerous gastric mucosa from residents of Dalian, China. Unexpectedly, it was found that COX-2 expression was infrequent in the gastric samples (18.8%, 15/80) regardless of the type of lesion or morphological phenotype. H pylori infection was detected in 19 of 35 tested GC cases. Tumor necrosis factor alpha expression, NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, or Wnt2 overexpression was observed in 56 (82.3%) of 68, 40 (50.0%) of 80, and 62 (77.5%) of 80 of the gastric tissue samples, respectively. Methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme digestion followed by polymerase chain reaction of COX-2 promoter regions revealed a remarkably high hypermethylation rate (100%, 20/20) among the COX-2-negative GCs, which was associated with the overexpression of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 1 (r = 0.587, P < .01). These results indicate that (1) in contrast to previous findings using other GC sources, our results show that COX-2 activity may not be a critical molecular event during GC formation, (2) the tumor-promoting effects of H pylori infection and Wnt and NF-kappaB activities may be mediated by COX-2-independent pathways, and (3) promoter hypermethylation is the major cause of COX-2 silencing in Dalian GCs, apparently because of increased expression of DNMTs (especially DNMT1). Consequently, a COX-2-oriented preventive or therapeutic strategy is not practical for Dalian GCs. The frequent COX-2 hypermethylation observed in Dalian GCs could have insightful epigenetic and epidemiologic implications.     

幽门螺杆菌感染通过 MDM2 / P53 通路调控食管癌细胞凋亡的作用及机制

目的 研究幽门螺杆菌 (helicobacter pylori, Hp) 感染通过 MDM2 / P53 通路调控食管癌细胞凋亡的作用及机制。 方法 收集手术切除的食管癌组织, 检测 Hp 感染情况及 MDM2、 P53 的表达水平。 培养食管癌 TE-1 细胞株, 给予 Hp 感染、 生理盐水 (NS) 或泛素-蛋白酶体抑制剂 PS341 干预、 转染阴性对照(NC) siRNA 或 MDM2 siRNA, 检测细胞活力、 凋亡率、 MDM2 及 P53 的表达水平、 P53 的泛素化水平。 结果 Hp 阳性的食管癌组织中 MDM2 的表达水平高于 Hp 阴性的食管癌组织、 P53 的表达水平低于 Hp 阴性的食管癌组织 (P< 0. 05); Hp 组 TE-1 细胞的细胞活力、 MDM2 表达水平、 P53 泛素化水平高于对照组,凋亡率、 P53 表达水平低于对照组; PS341 + Hp 组 TE-1 细胞的 P53 的表达水平高于 NS + Hp 组 (P< 0. 05);si-MDM2 + Hp 组 TE-1 细胞的细胞活力、 MDM2 的表达水平、 P53 的泛素化水平均低于 si-NC + Hp 组, 凋亡率、 P53 的表达水平高于 si-NC + Hp 组 (P< 0. 05)。 结论 Hp 感染抑制食管癌细胞凋亡的作用与增加MDM2 表达、 促进 P53 的泛素化降解有关。     

有氧及无氧训练对血浆电解质及微量元素的影响

目的　探讨中长跑有氧与无氧训练对血浆电解质及部分微量元素的影响 .方法　上海市及上海体院田径队中长跑运动员 ,根据个人运动专长 ,安排相应专项训练 ;12名进行有氧训练 ,14名进行无氧训练 ,分别在训练前及运动后即刻抽静脉血 ,检测血乳酸等电解质及微量元素铁、铜的水平 .结果　①两组训练后 ,血乳酸、Na、Cl及无机磷(P)水平均显著升高 (p <0 .0 1) ;无氧组训练后 ,血清总钙 (Ca)及血清铁 (Fe)水平均显著升高 (p <0 .0 1) .②两组训练后 ,Cu水平显著下降 (p <0 .0 1,下降幅度均达 35 %以上 ) ;无氧组训练后 ,K水平有下降趋势 (p =0 .0 6 ) .③有氧组训练后 ,乳酸升高与K水平呈显著相关 ((r=- 0 .6 73,p <0 .0 5 ) ;无氧组训练后 ,乳酸升高与Mg水平显著相关 (r=0 .5 5 1,p<0 .0 5 ) ,与Na水平呈极显著相关 (r=0 .731,p <0 .0 1) .结论　①有氧、无氧训练对电解质及微量元素水平的影响明显不同 .②无氧训练较有氧训练更需注意运动后电解质紊乱 ,尤需注意运动后血钙水平的升高及血钾水平的下降 .     

COX-2和HIF-1在翼状胬肉中的表达及其临床意义

目的：探讨环氧化酶-2（COX-2）和缺氧诱导因子-1（HIF-1）在翼状胬肉发生、发展在中的意义。方法：免疫组织化学方法检测36例翼状胬肉病理组织和32例正常球结膜组织中COX-2和HIF-1的表达情况。结果：翼状胬肉组COX-2阳性表达率为86.1%（31/36）、HIF-1阳性表达率为77.8%（28/36）,对照组COX-2阳性表达率为6.3%（2/32）、HIF-1阳性表达率为12.5%（4/32）,翼状胬肉组COX-2和HIF-1的阳性表达率均明显高于对照组（均P〈0.01）。翼状胬肉中COX-2与HIF-1表达的相关性经spearman等级相关分析,两者呈正相关（r=0.43,P〈0.05）。结论：COX-2与HIF-1的高水平表达可能导致了翼状胬肉发生、发展,COX-2与HIF-1的高水平表达可能也是导致翼状胬肉术后复发的重要内在因素。     

儿童矮小症血液电解质及微量元素与体格发育

本文分析了矮小症儿童的生长发育与血液电解质及微量元素间的关系,阐述了儿童矮小症类型、血液电解质微量元素间的关系、锌、钙、镁等不同血液电解质与体格发育的关系,并且提出缺乏微量元素的预防方案,以期为临床治疗提供参考。