加强临床实习管理培养实用型护理人才

临床实习是护生转变为一名合格护士的必经之路。随着人们就医服务需求的增长，法制观念的增强，以及卫生体制改革竞聘上岗、择优录用的形势下，如何培养实用型护理人才，提高就业率是目前临床带教工作面临的难题。临床实习是护理专业学生从课堂到现场，从理论到实践的关键环节，使其获得从事所需专业技能、态度和行为的重要途径，属于临床护理教学部分。     

经验性学习理论在护理学生临床实习中的应用

护理学是～门实践性、操作性和服务性很强的学科，除了基础理论知识的学习外，临床实习是护理教育的基本策略。它在护理课程中扮演着一个至关重要的角色，它提供给护理学生在临床上运用专业知识和技巧、发展专业能力、培养专业态度的机会。那么如何使学生在临床实习中得到最大收获，历来是护理教育者研究的重点。有许多理论和方法可以促进学生的临床实习。其中，经验性学习理论便是其中一种。     

护理教学质量控制小组在临床护生带教质量考核中的应用

临床实习是护理教育的最后阶段,也是培养护生成为实用型护理人才的重要阶段。护生临床实习是理论联系实际,巩固和提高已学知识的有效途径,是一种锻炼服务思想,培养专业素质,提高技术水平,培养工作能力的综合性教学环节。护理质量控制是护理工作的核心,而质控管理是护理管理的重点。基于护理教育将临床实习作为培养护士的重要环节,     

护理本科生临床实习中存在的问题与对策

目的 调查我校护理学专业(本科)临床实习情况，发现实习教学中存在的问题，并提出对策，以提高临床教学质量。方法 自行设计问卷，无记名调查我校85级～96级护理专业本科毕业生的实习情况。结果 发出问卷186份，回收131份，回收率70．43％。反映出我校护理学专业在临床实习安排、教学方法、实习内容及临床带教老师的综合素质与能力方面存在许多不足之处。结论 护理学专业临床实习是学生将课堂知识运用于实践、培养解决实际问题能力的关键教学环节，必须在上述几方面积极进行改进，才能保证培养素质型、多向型、创新型人才培养目标的实现。     

加强高职护理临床实习的管理

加强高职护理实习的管理是培养应用型护理人才的重要环节，临床带教质量对护生临床实习中获得的知识、技能和职业价值观以及她们今后的专业成长具有极为重要的影响，因此，探讨护理临床实习管理的方法十分必要。     

优质临床护理教学探讨

临床护理教学是护理专业教学的重要环节，是理论联系实际、巩同和提高已学知识的有效途径。如何提高临床护理教学质量，培养职业能力强的实厢型护理人才，是临床护理带教的一项重要工作。因此，施行优质临床护理教学势在必行。我院每年接受实习护生300余名，     

深化本科护理专业实习生临床教育的实践

目的探索改进本科护理专业实习生实习带教工作的方法，深化临床教育内涵。方法针对本科护理实习生的培养目标，从设置实习计划、营造良性实习环境、培养临床工作综合能力等方面人手，提高实习生的临床实践能力。结果本科护理实习生普遍认为带教计划安排全面，在实践过程中得到了充分的锻炼，动手能力和综合素质通过临床实习得到很大提高。结论通过改进临床带教工作，使本科护理专业实习生在医院实习过程中得到良好的锻炼，从而保证了护理本科人才培养目标的实现。     

提高护理硕士生临床实习效果的探讨

为探讨提高护理硕士生实习效果的途径，针对目前护理硕士生临床实习中存在的一系列问题，通过查阅文献、咨询专家，认为目前护理硕士生实习中存在的问题主要有学生心态欠佳、实习方式不合理、实习与研究方向脱节、师资匮乏且力量薄弱、缺乏对学生运用专业外语进行沟通的训练。为提高实习效果，学生应端正实习态度、学校应转变实习方式、将实习与研究方向结合、加快师资建设、训练学生运用专业外语进行沟通，为培养出具有综合素质的护理人才奠定基础。     

浅谈如何作好护生临床中西医结合带教

护理学是一门为人类健康服务的综合性的应用学科，护理临床教学足培养护理人才的一个重要环节。临床教学是学生将基础理论知识应用到护理实践的媒介。通过临床实习，学生可以将专业理论知识应用剑解决病人的临床实际问题，为学生今后的专业生涯打下良好的基础，同时，临床教学还可以调动学生的积极性、发挥学生的创造力，     

产科临床护理带教初探

临床实习是培养学生独立工作能力的重要学习阶段，是学生理论联系实际，基本知识和基本技能进行临床实践是关键环节，临床带教是护理教育的重要组成部分。我院爱婴病房从1996年8月成立至2006年12月以来，共接收165名护理、助产专业的学生进入产科实习，其中大专生28人，中专生137人，分别来自不同的5所学校，实习时间1～3月，在10年的临床带教实践中，探索出了一些经验，现将实践体会总结如下，以期提高临床教学质量。     

Rofecoxib: clinical pharmacology and clinical experience

BACKGROUND: Rofecoxib is a member of a subgroup of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) known as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-selective inhibitors. It has been studied in adult and elderly patients in a number of painful conditions (primary dysmenorrhea, acute pain after dental and orthopedic surgery, osteoarthritis [OA], and rheumatoid arthritis). OBJECTIVE: This review discusses the clinical pharmacology of and clinical experience with rofecoxib, and the role of COX-2-selective inhibitors in clinical practice. METHODS: Pertinent studies were identified through searches of MEDLINE and EMBASE, as well as the Web sites and proceedings of relevant scientific meetings. RESULTS: Although the published literature is limited, the data indicate that rofecoxib is an effective analgesic agent for the painful conditions in which it has been studied. As a COX-2-selective inhibitor, rofecoxib offers safety advantages over traditional NSAIDs. In clinical trials, gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity, including mucosal damage, perforation, ulcers, and bleeding, occurred significantly less often in healthy volunteers and patients treated with rofecoxib than in those who received NSAIDs such as ibuprofen, naproxen, or diclofenac (all comparisons, P < 0.001). In terms of renal toxicity, rofecoxib does not appear to offer a safety advantage over traditional NSAIDs. Rofecoxib has not been shown to affect platelets (bleeding time and platelet aggregation), unlike traditional NSAIDs. CONCLUSIONS: Rofecoxib is an appropriate choice for patients who do not obtain adequate analgesia with acetaminophen and those who have not obtained adequate analgesia from, cannot tolerate, or are at risk for GI toxicity with traditional NSAIDs. Patients who require chronic analgesic medication (ie, those with OA), including those who take other medications daily for comorbid conditions, may also benefit from the once-daily dosing regimen of rofecoxib.     

Enhancing clinical effectiveness among clinical nurse specialists

This article describes the findings of an exploratory study which aimed to discover how clinically effective nursing care is fostered among clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) and nurse practitioners (NPs) in an NHS trust in East London. The study was funded by the Central and East London Education Consortium in January 1999. Qualitative approaches included non-participant observation of practice, interviews during observaton and focus group meetings, Findings from the research identify areas that both foster and hinder the ability of the CNSs and NPs to engage in and provide clinically effective nursing care.     

The clinical imperative in clinical nursing research.

Conducting preliminary clinical fieldwork to update clinical knowledge in preparation to plan and perform relevant, meaningful, credible and feasible clinical research is imperative. Clinical nurse investigators cannot generate relevant questions to study a current phenomenon with which they are not experienced. The nurse researcher's early involvement in the clinical world of health care as a prerequisite of proposal development not only contributes to the design of a study that has rigor and significance, but it also augments his or her competence and commitment to the improvement of patient outcomes.     

Laboratory clinical effectiveness: pathologists improving clinical outcomes

This article calls on pathologists to take a larger role in improving the performance of the American health care system. To improve outcomes for populations and individuals require that pathologists increase their activities outside of the traditional laboratory in interdisciplinary collaborations, outcomes research, health care systems development, and clinical care.     

Adherence in clinical trials and in clinical practice

The degree of patient adherence is increasingly recognized to be a key factor in the success of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). HAART regimens are also among the most complex ever prescribed and low adherence is directly related to treatment complexity. Physicians prescribing HAART need to make adherence a priority both in clinical practice and in the design and interpretation of clinical trials if HAART really is to succeed in the long term.     

Antiplatelet therapy from clinical trials to clinical practice

A platelet-rich clot at the site of severe coronary stenosis, plaque erosion, or a recent plaque rupture is the common etiology of acute ischemic syndromes. Thus, antiplatelet therapy is the cornerstone in the management of these conditions. Aspirin in a dose ranging from 160 to 325 mg once daily should be administered to virtually all patients. In patients with severe disease, particularly those who have no acute angiography, clopidogrel (Plavix, Bristol-Myers Squibb/Sanofi Pharmaceuticals) in a dose of 75 mg once daily should add to the benefit of aspirin for up to a year after the event. Clopidogrel also is an alternative to aspirin where a true aspirin allergy exists. Intravenous platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors demonstrated a robust benefit when used in conjunction with coronary intervention and thus far have no role in medical therapy alone. Oral platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors are of no clinical value.