大学生对肥胖与减肥的认知行调查

目的了解大学生对肥胖及减肥方法的认知行。方法采用随机抽样的方法,对井冈山大学200名大学生进行问卷调查。结果对自身体型满意的大学生占38．0％;有81．0％的学生认为肥胖会引发疾病;89．0％的学生认为肥胖者应该减肥;选择运动或与节食相结合方式减肥的大学生占76．0％;31．0％的大学生曾经试过减肥,23．5％正在减肥。45．5％的大学生从来没有尝试过减肥。结论大学生对自身体型满意度偏低．大学生多数会选择以运动为主的减肥方式,但对肥胖的认知不够全面。且存在盲目减肥现象和减肥方法不合理,学校应对大学生开展肥胖与科学减肥相关知识的健康教育。     

女大学生对肥胖认知状况及减肥行为

目的:了解女大学生对肥胖的认知状况及其减肥行为,为正确指导女大学生科学减肥和促进女大学生的身心健康提供科学依据。方法:采用身体测量、问卷调查和数理统计等方法对女大学生的体重指数、减肥行为及肥胖相关知识进行调查。结果:女大学生超重和肥胖检出率分别为13.94%和1.92%;对自身体型的判断正确率低,且多数判断具有超重或肥胖倾向;对肥胖相关知识的认知比较片面;40.09%的女大学生尝试过减肥,其中77.89%的女大学生因对自身体型不满而减肥;减肥方法主要为节食(39.30%)、运动(27.47%)和调整饮食结构(25.90%);女大学生减肥成功率仅为14.22%。结论:女大学生是不良减肥行为预防和控制的重点人群,建议在女大学生中有针对性的开展肥胖与健康知识教育以预防和控制女大学生的不良减肥行为。     

徐州市女大学生体型认知与减肥行为调查分析*

目的：了解徐州市女大学生对体型的认识状况及其减肥行为,为正确指导女大学生合理认识自身体型及科学减肥,促进其身心的健康提供科学依据。比较三所不同学校对于女大学生体型认知的影响。方法采用问卷调查、体格指标的测量以及统计分析的方法对徐州女大学生客观体型指标、体型认知、对自身体型的态度以及采取的措施进行调查。结果徐州女大学生超重检出率3．40％（超重以BMI 24为判定标准）,认为自身肥胖的占45．38％,采取过减肥措施的占82．11％。三所高校总体比例相差不大。结论医学院女大学生和师范大学、工程学院女大学生对体型的认知无明显差异。徐州市女大学生普遍对于自身体型存在不合理认知。     

南宁市大中学生减肥行为现状

了解在校大中学生对肥胖的认知情况及减肥行为现状,为采用相应健康教育措施提供参考依据.方法 采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,对南宁市8所大中学校共3 571名学生,使用中国城市青少年健康危险行为调查问卷进行调查.结果 35.20%的大中学生认为自己体重超重,且中学生的报告率明显高于大学生.锻炼减肥为大中学生的首选方法(55.08%),其余依次为限食(26.6%)、不吃肉(8.26%)、长时间禁食(3.08%)、私自服用减肥药(1.62%).结论 大中学生对自身体型满意度偏低,大多数会选择以锻炼为主的减肥方式,但也存在盲目减肥和减肥方法不合理现象.应对大中学生开展肥胖与科学减肥相关知识的健康教育.     

某医学院校大学生肥胖认知和减肥行为分析

了解医科大学不同专业和不同性别大学生的肥胖认知和减肥行为现状,为改善大学生健康情况、纠正不合理减肥行为提供理论依据.方法 采用整群随机抽样方法,抽取某医科大学一~五年级不同专业学生850名,进行问卷调查.结果 850名学生中,超重和肥胖的检出率分别为5.3%和0.7%.在肥胖认知现状上,男生自评体型正确率为71.5%,高于女生(62.2%);医学生自评体型正确率为69.1%,高于非医学生(56.7%),差异均有统计学意义(x2值分别为6.594,12.802,P值均<0.05).在减肥行为现状中,21.8%的学生曾经减肥,10.1%的学生正在减肥,女生对减肥行为的积极性高于男生(P值均<0.05).对现有盲目减肥行为的被试进行多因素Logistic回归分析,发现性别、自评体型、家庭居住地与现有盲目减肥行为之间关联均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).结论 大学生盲目减肥行为较为严重,尤其是女性及非医学相关专业学生.应对大学生进行必要的宣传教育,使其正确认识自身体型,选择合理的减肥行为.     

上海市金山区中小学生体重自我评价及减肥行为分析

目的了解上海市金山区中小学生体重的自我评价与实际体重的符合程度,分析实际体重及体重自我评价与减肥行为的关系进行。方法采取随机整群抽样方法,抽取上海市金山区1所小学、3所初中和1所高中,共3961名学生,采用问卷形式进行现场调查。结果中小学生体型超重或肥胖检出率为11. 2%,自评为超重或者肥胖的学生占总人数的35. 3%。有28. 5%体重正常的学生认为自己超重或者肥胖,这个比例随着学龄段的升高而增大。选择不健康减肥方式的学生比例也随着学龄段升高而呈上升趋势,如选择"不吃主食"为减肥方式的学生分别为4.1%(小学)、7.2%(初中)和10.5%(高中)。自我评价超重或肥胖是学生进行不良减肥行为的危险因素,而客观超重或肥胖并不是不良减肥行为的危险因素,如在初中生中,客观超重或肥胖并不是选择"吃减肥药"作为减肥方式的危险因素(OR=0.837),而自我评价超重或肥胖却是其危险因素(OR=1.447)。结论上海市金山区部分中小学生不能正确和科学地评价自身体型,体型认知偏倚也与其抉择不健康的减肥方式相关,学校卫生工作者应加强相关的健康教育。     

在校大学生对超重肥胖的认知情况及减肥行为调查

目的了解在校大学生对超重肥胖的认知情况及减肥行为现状,为今后健康教育提供科学依据。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法,在全国10个省市15所大学中随机选取2599名在校大学生作为调查对象,采用问卷调查的方法收集大学生对超重肥胖的认知及减肥行为等信息。结果男生的超重肥胖率（12.8%）明显高于女生（2.9%）;女生中体重过低的占34.6%,明显高于男生（12.1%）。33.2%的大学生采取过减肥措施,女生（43.5%）明显高于男生（23.6%）。51.5%减过肥的大学生采取的是＂适量运动＋控制饮食＂的减肥方式,但仍有29.1%主要靠＂节食＂来减肥,尤其是女生（33.0%）。有54.1%＂超重肥胖＂的大学生未采取过任何减肥措施,男生比例（57.5%）明显高于女生（37.1%）。有27.1%＂体重过低＂的大学生曾经减过肥,女生（31.4%）高于男生（15.9%）。在曾经减过肥的大学生中,只有11.2%的大学生处于超重肥胖,18.6%的大学生处于体重过低的情况,女生中这种情况更加严重。结论在校大学生对自身的超重肥胖有不正确认识,因关注程度不足而未采取任何减肥措施的现象在＂超重肥胖＂男生中非常突出;因过分追求体型消瘦而盲目减肥的现象在＂体重过轻＂女生中尤为突出。建议引导在校大学生进行科学健康的减肥,养成健康的生活方式。     

新疆职业院校维吾尔族学生体型认知及相关行为分析

了解新疆职业院校维吾尔族大学生体型自我认知及相关行为现状,为制定相应健康教育方案和措施提供依据.方法 分层整群抽取新疆工程学院、新疆职业大学、乌鲁木齐职业大学3所职业院校的大一和大二年级1 364名维吾尔族大学生,采用中国青少年健康危险行为监测问卷进行调查.结果 维吾尔族大学生中有50.1%的男生能够正确判断自己的体型,有29.5%的女生能正确判断自己的体型;对自己体型判断偏重的女生占65.9%,男生占22.9%;27.4%的男生和5.1%的女生自认为体重过轻,男女生间体型自我认知比较差异有统计学意义(x2=307.2,P<0.01).Logistic回归分析显示,影响不健康减肥行为的因素有性别、体型自我认知、饮酒、抑郁和孤独及家庭结构(P值均<0.05).Pearson相关分析表明,维吾尔族大学生的体型自我认知与不健康减肥行为呈负相关(r=-0.89,P<0.05).结论 新疆职业院校维吾尔族大学生体型自我认知错误是导致不健康减肥行为的重要因素.学校和家庭应指导学生正确认知自我体型,促使学生健康减肥.     

安庆市大学生体型自我评价和不良减肥行为的关系

目的了解安庆市大学生自我评价体型与实际体型的符合程度,探讨自我评价体型、实际体型与不良减肥行为的关系。方法采取整群抽样方法,抽取安庆市2所大学1251名学生,采用《青少年健康相关行为问卷(大学)》进行现场调查。结果大学生体型超重或肥胖检出率为4.68%(58/1239),其中有77.59%(45/58)的超重或肥胖者认为自己确实超重或肥胖。只有63.7%的大学生能够正确评价自我体型,大学生对体型的自我评价与实际情况的一致性较差(Kappa=0.29),尤以女大学生的一致性更差(Kappa=0.25)。BMI与不良减肥行为之间存在统计学关联,控制年级等协变量后结果一致。当引入自我评价体型后,模型中BMI与不良减肥行为的关联强度明显下降,且差异无统计学意义。结论部分大学生不能正确评价自己体型,盲目减肥和漠视体重的行为同时存在,自我评价体型在BMI与不良减肥行为之间存在明显的中介作用。     

贵阳市大中专女生对肥胖的认知及不良饮食行为状况

了解贵阳市大中专女生对肥胖的认知及不良饮食行为情况,为有针对性地开展健康教育工作提供依据.方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法,调查贵阳市部分在校15~22岁大中专女生共1 736名,测量身高、体重,并了解其对减肥的认知及饮食情况.结果 大中专女生中营养状况正常者占70.3%,营养不良者占25.1%,超重和肥胖者<5%.有48.2%的女生对自己的体型认知不正确,实际体重正常的女大学生中有近60%的女生认为自己需要减肥.有超过70%的女生有暴饮暴食的习惯;牛奶、蔬菜、水果、肉类等食用情况不理想;90%以上的女生有吃宵夜和垃圾食品的习惯.结论 贵阳市部分15~22岁大中专女生对减肥存在错误的认知,且饮食行为不理想.社会、学校、家庭应有针对性的对女大学生开展减肥行为和饮食行为的宣传教育,指导其正确的减肥和饮食.     

广州市中小学生减肥行为及其影响因素研究

目的 了解目前广州市中小学生减肥行为的情况，分析其影响因素，为制定学生健康教育措施提供参考。方法 2004年3～4月，分层随机整群抽取广州市8所小学四至六年级、9所中学初一至高三的8222名学生进行问卷调查。结果 认为自己体重偏重和太重的学生中只有19．4％是真正超重和肥胖的，有73．8％的人在调查前的1个月中曾经通过锻炼的方式来减肥或防止增重。有23．4％的男生和31．5％的女生报告近一月内有不良减肥行为(节食、长时间绝食、无指导服减肥药、催吐或腹泻行为)，其中以通过节食、减少热卡或脂肪的摄入来减肥或防止增重为主，占26．1％，女生的发生率(31．5％)明显高于男生(23．4％)(P＜0．01)；多元非条件Logistic回归分析表明：超重与肥胖、性别、学生类别(初中生)、消极和焦虑情绪和学习成绩与青少年不良减肥行为显著相关，其OR值分别为4．135、1．853、1．157、1．386、1．138和1．093。结论 中小学生是不良减肥行为预防和控制的重点人群，提倡在中小学生中开展有针对性的健康教育来预防和控制中小学生的不良减肥行为。     

广州市中学生减肥行为及其相关因素分析

目的了解广州市中学生减肥行为现状及其影响因素,为预防中学生健康危险行为的发生提供依据。方法按随机分层整群抽样方法,抽取广州市4所中学初一到高二5个年级共4542名中学生进行问卷调查;通过家长问卷收集学生的家庭背景资料,分析减肥行为与家庭因素的关系。结果男生超重和肥胖检出率分别为12.8%和5.0%,女生超重和肥胖检出率为6.6%和2.7%。有435名男生（23.9%）和803名女生（39.0%）自述超重或肥胖。过去1个月内,无超重和肥胖的学生中,男、女生分别有8.9%和17.8%自述有过不良减肥行为,其中男、女生贫血检出率分别为4.4%和7.0%;而超重和肥胖的学生中,男、女生分别有30.7%和45.8%自述有过不良减肥行为,其贫血检出率分别为2.8%和4.7%。Logistic回归分析表明,性别、体重、父母亲的体重、母亲文化程度与学生的减肥行为相关。结论中学生不良减肥行为有一定的发生率,学校健康教育工作应对此加以正确引导。     

Gender differences in body mass index and weight loss strategies among African Americans

The goals of this study were to examine gender differences in body satisfaction, obesity status, and weight loss strategies among African Americans. A self-administered survey was completed by a convenient sample of 789 African Americans, but 763 provided weight and height information. Significantly more men than women were satisfied or very satisfied with their weight. Based on self-reported weights, the mean body mass index for both men (26.61+/-4.23) and women (26.44+/-5.80) was greater than 25, thus classifying them as being overweight. Sixty-two percent of respondents had tried to lose weight in the last 12 months, with significantly more women trying to lose weight than men (P<.0001). Of those who tried to lose weight, most tried to lose weight by decreasing fried foods, decreasing sweets, and increasing exercise levels. Women were significantly more likely than men to use liquid meals, to use diet pills, to join a weight loss program, and to increase exercise levels to lose weight (P<.05).     

Overestimation of own body weights in female university students: associations with lifestyles, weight control behaviors and depression

The study aimed to analyze the lifestyles, weight control behavior, dietary habits, and depression of female university students. The subjects were 532 students from 8 universities located in 4 provinces in Korea. According to percent ideal body weight, 33 (6.4%), 181 (34.0%), 283 (53.2%), 22 (4.1%) and 13 (2.5%) were severely underweight, underweight, normal, overweight and obese, respectively, based on self-reported height and weight. As much as 64.1% and only 2.4%, respectively, overestimated and underestimated their body weight status. Six overweight subjects were excluded from overestimation group for the purpose of this study, resulting in overestimation group consisting of only underweight and normal weight subjects. Compared to those from the normal perception group, significantly more subjects from the overestimation group were currently smoking (P = 0.017) and drank more often than once a week (P = 0.015), without any significant differences in dietary habits. Despite similar BMIs, subjects who overestimated their own weight statuses had significantly higher weight dissatisfaction (P = 0.000), obesity stress (P = 0.000), obsession to lose weight (P = 0.007) and depression (P = 0.018). Also, more of them wanted to lose weight (P = 0.000), checked their body weights more often than once a week (P = 0.025) and had dieting experiences using ''reducing meal size'' (P = 0.012), ''reducing snacks'' (P = 0.042) and ''taking prescribed pills'' (P = 0.032), and presented ''for a wider range of clothes selection'' as the reason for weight loss (P = 0.039), although none was actually overweight or obese. Unlike the case with overestimating one''s own weight, being overweight was associated with less drinking (P = 0.035) and exercising more often (P = 0.001) and for longer (P = 0.001) and healthier reasons for weight control (P = 0.002), despite no differences in frequency of weighing and depression. The results showed that weight overestimation, independent of weight status, is associated with risky lifestyles, weight control behaviors, and mental conditions. Preventive interventions should focus not only on obesity, but also on body weight overestimation.     

Obesity in Inner‐city African Americans

Objective. Obesity, a risk factor for chronic diseases, has a high prevalence in African Americans and low‐income individuals. However, little is known about perceptions of overweight, attempts to lose weight, and strategies used to lose weight among African Americans in inner cities.

Design. A 1990 cross‐sectional telephone survey (n = 1445) of north St Louis and central Kansas City, USA.

Results. Obesity was common (44%) in this sample of inner‐city African Americans. The obese perceived themselves as overweight (70%) and were trying to lose weight (66%). The majority of the obese (68%) were both dieting and exercising to lose weight. Smoking prevalence was not higher among the obese or those trying to lose weight. Many of the obese had received medical advice recently on low‐fat diets (51%) and had been advised to lose weight (40%). Factors independently associated with perception, attempts to lose weight and medical advice differed, but included degree of obesity.

Conclusions. These results corroborate US national data that obesity is a public health problem in this population and that obese inner‐city African Americans perceive themselves as overweight and are trying to lose weight, especially as degree of obesity increases. It also appears that smoking is not being used as a weight loss strategy and that the obese, as a group, are receiving some medical advice on low‐fat diets. This information is critical for designing culturally sensitive weight‐control programmes.     

北京、河南新乡部分中学生健康危险行为相关研究

目的了解北京、河南新乡市部分中学生导致意外伤害和暴力、吸烟、饮酒及其他药物滥用、不良饮食习惯以及体育锻炼等方面的健康危险行为现状。方法2004年5月至6月，选取北京西城5所、河南新乡市3所中学的初中和高中学生461名，采取中学生危险行为问卷凋查。结果调查中有37．7％的学生乘车从不系安全带，近1年内有过打架行为的学生占16．4％；有22．3％的学生尝试过吸烟；尝试过饮酒行为的学生高达52．0％；有过药物滥用行为的比例为3．6％；在调查前的周末，吃过高脂、油炸食品2次或以上的学生比例分别为23．0％和30．9％；认为自己很胖的学生比例为5．2％，有35．3％的学生准备采取减肥的措施；经常进行体育锻炼的学生比例为51．5％；在凋查前的1年内，有61．7％的学生表示曾有过厌学情绪；有20．7％的学生考虑过离家出走，有3．3％的学生曾经离家出走过。结论及时、有效、因地制宜地开展以生活技能为基础的学校健康教育，对帮助中学生形成良好的生活习惯是很有必要的。     

Physical activity, food choice, and weight management goals and practices among US college students

INTRODUCTION: Physical activity and a healthy diet have been recommended to help reverse the increasing prevalence of overweight among adolescents and adults in the United States. METHODS: Data is from the 1995 National College Health Risk Behavior Survey. A representative sample of US undergraduate college students (n = 4609) were analyzed to examine associations of physical activity and food choice with weight management goals and practices. RESULTS: Based on self-reported height and weight, 35% of students were overweight or obese (body mass index > or = 25.0). Nearly half (46%) of all students reported they were trying to lose weight. Female students were less likely than male students to be overweight, but more likely to be trying to lose weight. Among female and male students, using logistic regression to control for demographics, trying to lose weight was associated with participation in vigorous physical activity and strengthening exercises, and consumption of < or = 2 servings/ day of high-fat foods. Female and male students who reported using exercise to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight were more likely than those who did not to participate in vigorous, strengthening, and moderate physical activity, and were more likely to eat > or = 5 servings/day of fruits and vegetables and < or = 2 servings/day of high-fat foods. Among students who were trying to lose weight, only 54% of females and 41% of males used both exercise and diet for weight control. CONCLUSION: Colleges should implement programs to increase student awareness of healthy weight management methods and the importance of physical activity combined with a healthy diet.     

Weight control measures among university students in a developing country: a cultural association or a risk behavior

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of university students, in Lebanon, trying to lose weight and assess the relation of trying to lose weight with demographic, scholastic and health behavioral factors. METHODS: The study was cross-sectional conducted in the academic year 2000-2001. A proportionate random sample of 2,013 students was selected among five public and private universities in Beirut. Participants completed a self-administered anonymous questionnaire that included questions on trying to lose weight, demographic, scholastic, and health behavioral factors including smoking, alcohol, and seat belt use. Bivariate and stepwise logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association between trying to lose weight and the above-mentioned characteristics. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of students trying to lose weight was 30%, with 71% of them being under weight or normal weight. Use of medications and inducement of vomiting constituted 12% and 11%, respectively. Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that the variables significantly associated with trying to lose weight were socio-economical factors rather than risky behaviors. Students who were at increased odds of performing such methods were females OR = (2.08, 95% CI = 1.6-2.5), employed (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.01-1.8), and registered in a private university (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.25-2.0). The major of students was also a significant predictor. CONCLUSION: In Lebanon, weight reduction could be re-enforced by socio-economical factors and not necessarily be an adolescent risk behavior.