重症急性胰腺炎并发结肠瘘的探讨

目的　了解重症急性胰腺炎并发结肠瘘的易发因素 ,提出诊治措施 ,提高重症急性胰腺炎的治愈率。方法　回顾性分析我院在 1991年 1月～ 1998年 12月收治的重症急性胰腺炎所致结肠瘘 8例 ,了解其发生的部位、时间 ,分析治疗方法对预后的影响。结果　本组治愈 7例 ,有 1例因患者拒绝行结肠造瘘术而致严重全身感染、成人呼吸窘迫综合症死亡。结论　重症急性胰腺炎易发生结肠瘘与其解剖因素和治疗方法有关。及时发现结肠瘘的存在 ,积极施行结肠造瘘和脓腔引流可以取得满意的治疗效果。     

重症急性胰腺炎并发结肠瘘的原因和治疗

目的 探讨重症生胰腺炎并发结肠瘘的原因及预防和治疗手段，方法 对１９８５年１月至１９９７年５月间收治的１２６例重症急性胰腺炎进行回顾性分析，并对可能导致肠瘘发生的危险因素和采用的治疗方法进行总结。结果 １２６例手术治疗的重症急性胰腺炎发生结肠瘘２５例，２５例结肠瘘均发生于术后２８天，有胰外感染的较无感染的发生率高（Ｐ〈０．０１）；晚期（两周后）手术较早期（两周内）手术发生率高（Ｐ〈０．０５），经后     

结肠梗阻的诊断与治疗--附108例临床分析

目的　探讨结肠梗阻的诊断和治疗。方法　回顾性分析我院外科自１９９０ 年２ 月至１９９９ 年１ 月治疗的１０ ８ 例结肠梗阻病例。结果　此组病例中,慢性不全梗阻８０ 例（７４－１％ ） ,急性完全梗阻２８ 例（２５－９％ ）;慢性不全梗阻中有７９ 例（９８－８％ ）为结肠癌引起,急性完全性肠梗阻中结肠癌１３ 例,占４６－ ４％ ,肠扭转和肠套叠占５０ ％ 。手术切除率９３－５ ％ ,死亡率７．４ ％ 。结论　结肠梗阻绝大多数为慢性不全肠梗阻,且多因结肠癌引起,在急性完全性肠梗阻病例中,１／２ 为结肠癌引起;结肠癌、肠扭转、肠套叠是急性完全性结肠梗阻的主要原因。结肠切除术是解除结肠梗阻的主要方式。     

结直肠癌合并急性肠梗阻的外科治疗

目的 探讨结直肠癌并发急性肠梗阻的外科治疗方法及效果。方法 回顾性分析1993年7月至2003年7月间297例结直肠癌并发急性肠梗阻行急症手术治疗患者的临床资料。结果 右半结肠癌并梗阻103例，左半结肠癌和直肠癌并梗阻194例。其中一期切除吻合126例(右半结肠一期切除吻合98例，左半结直肠一期切除吻合28例)，全结肠切除或次全切除吻合者108例，Hartmann手术36例，Dixon手术9例，回乙状结肠或回直肠吻合捷径11例，肿瘤近端肠管造瘘7例。术后出现并发症53例(17．8％)，为切口感染、腹腔感染和肠瘘；死亡17例；280例(94．3％)痊愈出院。结论 一期切除吻合和结肠次全切除及全切除吻合手术治疗结直肠癌并发急性肠梗阻，是方便可行而安全有效的。     

大肠癌并发急性肠梗阻的外科治疗（附62例分析）

为探讨大肠癌并发急性肠梗阻的外科治疗方法及效果．回顾性分析62例大肠癌并发急性肠梗阻行急症手术治疗的临床资料,其中右半结肠癌并梗阻23例,左半结肠癌和直肠癌并梗阻39例。结果显示,62例均行手术治疗,其中行一期切除吻合45例（右半结肠一期切除吻合16例,左半结肠一期切除吻合29例）。回横结肠吻合7例．Hartmann术4例,单纯造瘘手术2例,Miles术4例。术后发生吻合口漏2例。肺部感染3例,创口感染5例（其中切口裂开2例）,并发症发生率为19．4％。死亡2例,1例（3．2％）死于多器官功能衰竭．1例死于心力衰竭。除死亡2例外,其他病例均通过非手术治疗治愈。结果表明,结、直肠癌并发急性结肠梗阻的治疗要根据患者的全身情况和肿瘤的局部情况来进行综合判定．适应症掌握恰当,一期肿瘤切除和吻合术是安全的。     

大肠癌致急性肠梗阻的外科治疗(178例临床分析)

目的探讨大肠癌并发急性肠梗阻的外科治疗方法及疗效。方法大肠癌致急性肠梗阻178例,一期行右半结肠切除37例,一期行左半结肠切除80例,一期行结肠次全切除、回肠-乙状结肠(或直肠上段)吻合31例,一期行左半结肠或直肠上段癌切除,近端结肠造瘘、封闭远端结肠(或直肠)、二期吻合13例,结、直肠癌晚期无法根治切除者行结肠造瘘7例,短路手术10例。结果术后并发症发生率为13.5%(24/178),围手术期死亡率为4.5%(8/178)。结论大肠癌致急性肠梗阻的外科治疗应及时并遵循个体化原则,应创造条件力争一期切除肿瘤,解除梗阻。对左半结肠癌并发急性肠梗阻病人施行一期肿瘤切除吻合术是安全有效的,但应严格掌握适应证,灵活应用不同的手术方式。     

结肠癌并发急性肠梗阻行Ⅰ期切除吻合术的探讨及体会

我院自1985年以来收治18例结肠癌并发急性肠梗阻病例,均因急性肠梗阻入院,在剖腹探查术中发现均系结肠不同部位癌肿所致结肠梗阻。均行Ⅰ期癌肿切除及肠吻合术。术后均恢复良好,无1例肠瘘、现介绍如下:临床资料本组18例中,右半结肠癌10例,行右半结肠切除及回横结肠吻合术;横结肠近脾曲2例,行左半横     

大肠癌并发急性肠梗阻的外科治疗

目的 探讨大肠癌并发急性肠梗阻的外科治疗方法及效果。方法 回顾性分析l997年l0月～2002年10月76例大肠癌并发急性肠梗阻行急症手术治疗者的临床资料，其中右半结肠癌并梗阻23例，左半结肠癌和直肠并梗阻53例。结果 76例均行手术治疗，其中行～期切除吻合55例(右半结肠一期切除吻合l9例，左半结直肠一期切除吻合36例)。术后发生吻合口瘘2例，肺部感染2例，伤口感染6例，切口裂开l例，总并发症发生率为14.5％。除l例死于多器官功能衰竭外其它病例均通过非手术治疗治愈，随访统计l，3，5年生存率分别为98．3％，55％，38．5％。结论 一期切除吻合手术治疗大肠癌并肠梗阻是可行的，而合理地选择手术方式，正确的术中操作和围手术期处理对提高疗效，改善患者生活质量有所裨益。     

结直肠支架放置术治疗良恶性疾病:结果分析

自扩金属支架已广泛应用于各种胃肠道恶性梗阻的治疗，新的技术进步使自扩金属支架能扩展至更大的直径并有更大的可弯曲度，从而使自扩金属支架能放置入更弯曲的狭窄部位，例如结肠的狭窄。自扩金属支架近来已作为治疗结肠恶性梗阻确定性方案，作为癌性梗阻姑息治疗和急性梗阻的过渡治疗所获得的良好效果已见于诸多报道。然而现有资料较少提及自扩金属支架在良性结肠梗阻中的应用情况。该研究的目的就是评价自扩金属支架在良性和恶性结肠梗阻中的应用指征及实际效果。     

经肛门肠梗阻导管在结直肠癌性梗阻治疗中的应用

目的探讨肠梗阻导管治疗急性结直肠癌性梗阻的可行性与临床疗效。俩方法在X线辅助下,经内镜放置肠梗阻导管治疗21例急性结直肠癌性梗阻的患者。结果 19例放置肠梗阻导管成功,成功率为90.5%,19例术后1~2 d梗阻症状缓解或消除,13例经内镜治疗解除梗阻后5~7 d行I期肿瘤切除吻合术,术后均恢复顺利,无感染及吻合口漏等并发症发生。2例因病变部位过度狭窄导管无法通过而治疗失败,2例术后1~3 d导管滑脱再次置管。结论肠梗阻导管治疗急性结直肠癌性梗阻,能够有效缓解患者的梗阻症状,显著降低患者的创伤和痛苦,增加手术安全性,提高患者的生活质量。     

A rare case report of ascending colon perforation secondary to acute pancreatitis

IntroductionSevere acute pancreatitis is associated with high morbidity and mortality. This is a result of the development of pancreatic and extra-pancreatic necrosis with subsequent infection which can lead to multiorgan failure. Complications include localized ileus, abscess formation, mechanical obstruction, rupture and perforation into the gastrointestinal tract and fistula formation (Aldridge et al., 1989; Bassi et al., 2001 [1,2]).Case presentationA 72 year old man attended the emergency department with acute epigastric pain.Biochemistry results were reviewed with a lipase of 1680 U/L (ref range <60 U/L). He was treated conservatively. He had a labile course throughout his admission and on day 7 he had significant deterioration.Abdominal CT scan demonstrated marked mechanical large bowel obstruction at the level of the sigmoid colon, caecum dilated with features suggestive of ischaemia in the caecal wall and backflow dilatation of the small bowel loops.The patient was transferred to a tertiary centre for subsequent laparotomy and bowel resection.DiscussionColonic complications of acute pancreatitis are uncommon. An analysis of pooled data reports the incidence of colonic complications from acute pancreatitis to be 3.3% and those from severe acute pancreatitis 15% (Bassi et al., 2001 [2]).Knowledge about colonic perforation from acute pancreatitis has been limited to few case reports, thus diagnostic and management dilemmas continue to persist.ConclusionsWe report a rare case of ascending colon perforation in severe acute pancreatitis. This is particularly unusual given the anatomical propensity for splenic flexure involvement or transverse colon involvement being noted in literature. This highlights the high index of suspicion required for colonic complications given the varied, non-specific and often delayed presentation of complications.     

Extensive colonic necrosis complicating acute pancreatitis

Segmental ischemic gangrene of the colon is a rare complication of acute pancreatitis. Three patients with long-segment colonic necrosis complicating acute pancreatitis are reported. At operation all three patients had extensive retromesocolic necrolysis associated with colonic arterial thrombosis. Colonic resection and intestinal exteriorization with peripancreatic drainage were performed, with survival of two patients. Although diagnosis of colonic ischemia in the presence of acute pancreatitis is difficult, operative therapy affords reasonable cure when this severe problem is recognized.     

结直肠癌并梗阻实施术中全结肠灌洗后Ⅰ期根治术的临床观察

【摘要】〓目的〓观察和分析术中全结肠灌洗后Ⅰ期肿瘤根治切除肠吻合术治疗结直肠癌并梗阻的效果。方法〓选择60例在我院接受结直肠癌根治术并肠梗阻患者分3组,术中结肠灌洗组:急诊手术,实施术中全结肠灌洗后Ⅰ期根治术;常规处理组:患者经保守治疗,肠梗阻解除后实施根治术;分期手术组:保守治疗未能解除梗阻患者,行肿瘤根治,一期肠造瘘,二期肠吻合。对比3组患者治疗的效果和并发症情况。结果〓术中结肠灌洗组的手术时间较术前结肠灌洗组和造瘘组分别延长(P<0.05),并发症发生总次数较多但没有统计学差异。3组患者在手术失血量、胃管留置时间、术后进食时间、总住院时间等没有统计学差异。结论〓对于结直肠癌并肠梗阻的患者,急诊行术中全结肠灌洗Ⅰ期肿瘤切除肠吻合是可行的,但不一定适合所有病例,应结合术前术中的判断。     

Tactics for treating acute intestinal obstruction]

Performance of infusion-transfusion therapy before the operation, suboperative intravenous administration of antibiotics, metrogil, sanitation of the abdominal cavity with the use of antiseptics, performance of transnasal intraoperative intubation of the small intestine, Hartmann operation in patients with cancer of the left colon complicated by acute ileus (AI), liquidation of ileus at operation permitted considerable improvement of treatment of the patients with AI. The incidence of postoperative complications reduced from 9.7 to 4.1%, lethality--from 12.6 to 5%.     

The use of neostigmine to treat postoperative ileus in orthopedic spinal patients.

Ileus is a common complication of spinal surgery, affecting 5% to 12% of all patients. Often this ileus is secondary to acute colonic pseudo-obstruction. This study is a prospective clinical trial of neostigmine in seven spinal patients with ileus after surgery to demonstrate its efficacy. All patients had evidence of the Ogilvie syndrome that was unresponsive to 24 hours of conservative therapy. Patients received 2 mg neostigmine, and abdominal circumference, clinical response, and radiographic colonic measurements were recorded. Patients were followed for recurrence of ileus for their remaining time in the hospital. Six patients had prompt colonic decompression, and no patient had recurrence of colonic distension. Side effects were minimal. These results suggest that postoperative spinal patients with ileus secondary to acute colonic pseudo-obstruction that is unresponsive to conservative therapy benefit from treatment with neostigmine, resulting in safe, rapid decompression of the colon.     

Colonic complications of severe acute pancreatitis

Colonic complications are rare in acute pancreatitis. Over the last 9 years at St. Mary's Hospital, London, UK, we have managed severe acute pancreatitis by intensive supportive therapy followed by sub-total pancreatic resection and/or debridement in those who fail to improve. Of the 22 patients who have undergone this form of surgery, nine were found to have colonic involvement in the form of either necrosis or perforation. In addition, one patient presenting at West Middlesex University Hospital, Isleworth, UK, had severe acute pancreatitis and almost total colonic necrosis as an unexpected finding at emergency laparotomy. These ten patients comprised seven men and three women of median age 59 years and with a median of four Ranson criteria. In seven patients, colonic involvement was discovered at the time of pancreatic surgery or laparotomy for pancreatitis and in the remainder it presented between 1 and 3 weeks later as either a faecal fistula (n = 2) or persistent abdominal sepsis (n = 1). The ascending colon was involved in one patient, the splenic flexure and descending colon in one, the transverse colon in three, the splenic flexure alone in four, and one patient had almost total colonic involvement. All patients underwent resection of the involved colon and exteriorization with either a proximal colostomy (n = 7) or ileostomy (n = 3) and a distal mucous fistula. Pathological examination of the resected colons revealed a spectrum of changes from pericolitis through to ischaemic necrosis suggesting at least two possible mechanisms. Six patients died from overwhelming sepsis between 1 day and 4 weeks (median 11 days) after colonic resection. Severe acute pancreatitis must be recognized as a cause of colonic ischaemia and necrosis; this complication is associated with a very poor prognosis despite surgical intervention.     

Colonic fistula associated with severe acute pancreatitis: Report of two cases

Colonic fistula is a rare and potentially critical sequela of severe acute pancreatitis, which requires surgical treatment. We report two cases that were successfully treated by a colectomy for colonic fistula associated with severe acute pancreatitis. Case 1 is a 71-year-old man infected with pseudocysts owing to severe acute pancreatitis that developed into a colonic fistula as an early complication with a resulting pancreatic abscess. This patient underwent a left hemicolectomy, a transverse colostomy, and drainage of the pancreatic abscess. He has done well without recurrent disease for 35 months following surgery. Case 2 is a 58-year-old woman who had a past history of drainage during a laparotomy for a pancreatic abscess induced by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography 10 years earlier. She was admitted to our hospital with left lateral abdominal pain and low-grade fever. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging showed a retroperitoneal abscess and fistula to the descending colon. She underwent a left hemicolectomy and drainage of the retroperitoneal abscess. She has remained symptom-free for 20 months following surgery. The colonic fistula should therefore be recognized as a late complication during long-term follow-up as well as an early sequela associated with severe acute pancreatitis.     

Colonic involvement in acute pancreatitis. A retrospective study of 16 patients

BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of colonic pathology complicating acute pancreatitis is difficult. Several pathogenetic mechanisms have been proposed. The treatment of choice is resection of the affected segment. Current theories on diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment were reviewed. METHOD: Retrospectively, 16 patients with severe acute pancreatitis and colonic complications (1988-2001) were included. Preoperative CT scans and specimens of removed colonic segments were reviewed by a blinded radiologist and pathologist respectively. RESULTS: Sixteen patients underwent partial colectomy for suspected imminent or overt perforation, based on the outer aspect of the colon. Four patients had a macroscopic perforation during surgery. Retroperitoneal spread of the necrotizing process to the colon was seen in all 10 reviewed CT scans. All 14 microscopically examined specimens showed fat necrosis and pericolitis. Of these, 4 had ischemia and 6 showed subserosal hemorrhage. Eight specimens had intact mucosa, submucosa and smooth muscle layers. Eleven patients died. Secondary anastomosis in surviving patients did not induce further mortality. CONCLUSION: Spread of pancreatic enzymes and necrosis is the major cause for colonic pathology in acute pancreatitis. Outside inspection of the colon during surgery is unreliable to detect ischemia or imminent perforation. To prevent colonic complications during follow-up, low-threshold colonic resection seems justified.     

重症急性胰腺炎相关性消化道瘘的发生与预防探讨

目的：探讨重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）相关性消化道瘘的发生与预防。 方法：回顾2000年1月—2012年1月收治的23例SAP并发消化道瘘患者的临床资料,分析SAP相关性消化道瘘的发生部位、发生时间,患者胰腺病变范围特点和并发消化道瘘与引流管置入情况。 结果：全组23例患者中结肠瘘11例（47.8%）,十二指肠瘘7例（30.4%）,小肠瘘4例（17.4%）,胃瘘1例（4.3%）;消化道瘘多发生在SAP术后1~2周内;患者腺病变累及范围大,常累及胰头、十二指肠、结肠等;16例患者的消化道瘘与引流管放置有关。 结论：SAP并发消化道瘘不仅与解剖因素、胰外炎症侵犯、手术创伤等相关,而且与SAP自然病程相关,预防消化道瘘还需从SAP的整体治疗来考虑。     

重症急性胰腺炎术后并发十二指肠瘘

目的　探讨重症急性胰腺炎 (SAP)术后并发十二指肠瘘的原因及防治方法。方法　对 2 2例SAP术后并发十二指肠瘘患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果　 184例手术治疗的SAP发生十二指肠瘘 2 2例 ,15例出现在术后 2周。 18例非手术治疗自行愈合 ,4例再次手术治愈。结论　SAP早期手术、胰周感染、手术时引流管放置不当或时间过长与十二肠瘘发生有关。保持瘘口周围引流通畅 ,积极控制胰周感染 ,抑制胃肠道分泌 ,加强营养支持 ,多数十二指肠瘘可自行愈合