利用植物源杀虫剂防治卫生害虫

<正> 近年来,由于害虫抗药性的不断增加,致使对农药的滥用和过量使用现象十分严重,从而导致环境的污染和对人类健康及有益生物和野生物的极大危害,因此使得人们对利用天然植物源产物防治害虫的兴趣不断提高。     

昆虫神经元离子通道及杀虫剂作用机理的研究进展

昆虫神经细胞膜离子通道是多种天然毒素及合成杀虫剂的作用靶标。大部分杀虫剂作用于多种神经元受体和离子通道,主要包括钠通道、GABA受体和nACh受体。昆虫的击倒抗性与钠通道和GABA受体某些氨基酸置换有关。本文综述了杀虫剂对神经元离子通道的作用机理及抗药性机理的研究。     

抗真菌药物作用机理的研究进展

目前投入使用的抗真菌药物归为５大类：多烯类、唑类、吗啉类、丙烯胺类及一组不相关的化合物类。可能某一类药有其独特的作用机理，而两类或两类以上的药物可能有相同的作用机理，也许某种药物有多种不同的作用机制，这些都将在以下几方面给予阐述。１对真菌细胞膜的损害...     

耳针疗法作用机理的研究进展

耳针疗法是指通过耳廓诊断和治疗疾病的一种方法,是中国古老针灸学的-个重要组成部分.近代应用耳穴诊断、治疗、预防疾病、保健等方面的研究有了新的发展,并已逐渐形成耳针治疗学体系,成为别具一格的医学新科学.耳针研究不仅具有提高临床诊疗效果的现实意义,而且对认识经穴实质、揭示人体生命奥秘也具有一定的理论价值.耳针疗法的具体作用机理也一直受到国内外学者的广泛关注,现将近十年来耳针疗法作用机理的研究进展做一个简单概述.     

非甾体类抗炎药的作用机理及研究进展

非甾体类抗炎药的作用机理及研究进展陈蓓唐福林非甾体类抗炎药（ＮＳＡＩＤｓ）是治疗风湿性疾病的基本对症药物，能抗炎止痛，较快缓解症状，所以临床医生常把此类药物作为治疗骨关节和软组织疼痛的一线药物，应用非常普遍。ＮＳＡＩＤｓ种类很多，经典的分类方法是按照...     

中医药治疗骨性关节炎的作用机理研究进展

综合文献,从对软骨细胞,基质胶原调节因子水平、氧自由基代谢、NO和iNoS、MMPs等方面的影响,概述了中医药治疗骨关节炎作用机制的研究进展.     

活性氧诱导细胞凋亡作用机理的研究进展

细胞凋亡是细胞在形态学和分子生物学上的积极死亡。正常的细胞凋亡在维持生物机体细胞增殖与死亡的平衡过程中起重要作用。但异常的细胞凋亡是某些重要疾病发病的重要原因[1] :肿瘤的发生与细胞凋亡有关 ;在人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者发生艾滋病的过程中ＣＤ4 Ｔ细胞的凋亡起重要作用 ;细胞凋亡的异常增加是神经系统退化性疾病 (老年性痴呆 ,帕杰森疾病 )的重要发病机制 ;肿瘤细胞的凋亡则与肿瘤治疗密切相关。因此探讨细胞凋亡的发生机理有重要意义。近年来的大量研究证实 ,在特定条件下 ,低水平的氧自由基能诱导细胞凋亡 ,而活性氧如Ｏ2 - …     

关于植物来源抗肿瘤药物作用机理研究

我国地大物博,植物来源广泛,在抗肿瘤植物原料药新靶点探索开发新的抗肿瘤药方向具有很大资源优势.随着科学技术的不断发展和分子生物学的兴起与应用,对已发现的植物来源抗肿瘤药物的作用机理的研究也日渐深入.本文从抗肿瘤作用机理角度详细介绍了目前植物来源的抗肿瘤药物研究进展.     

中药治疗肝损伤作用机理的实验研究进展

中药治疗肝损伤作用机理的实验研究近年来的进展主要在以下几个方面：①调节免疫反应；②保护细胞膜；③抗脂质过氧化；④调节代谢；⑤综合作用。但是，还存在作用机理研究不够深入等问题。     

中药治疗肝纤维化作用机理实验研究进展

中药治疗肝纤维化作用机理实验研究可综述如下几个方面：①保肝，抗脂质过氧化；②抑制HSC的激活；③促进ECM降解，减少ECM沉积；④改善肝脏微循环，抑制肝窦毛细血管化；⑤综合作用。但是，值得注意的问题是：①要建造有价值的动物模型；②要制订客观统一的疗效标准。     

增效敌·氯乳油的研制与应用

通过实验筛选确定敌敌畏与氯菊酯复配,加入增效剂可明显提高药剂对虫体的击倒力。药效试验结果表明,该复配制剂优于单剂的防效,增效明显。     

Poisoning with Organophosphorus Insecticides

Because of an increasing incidence of poisoning with the newer organophosphorus anticholinesterase insecticides, these compounds have been reviewed in terms of their history and pharmacology, relationship with other drugs, factors affecting toxicity, mechanism of action, toxic signs and treatment. The modern organophosphorus pesticide requires metabolic conversion before toxicity develops. Insects have a greater propensity for this conversion than humans. Nevertheless, this conversion does occur in humans and can be potentiated by other drugs. Toxicity also varies with age, sex, route and frequency of administration, and previous exposure. The mechanism of toxicity is inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, causing an intoxicating build-up of acetylcholine. Signs and symptoms consist of the clinical manifestations of unopposed parasympathetic and central activity. Treatment must be initiated early. Respiration must be maintained and the effects of acetylcholine must be counteracted by massive doses of atropine. Metaraminol enhances the antagonistic action of atropine against acetylcholine and may also be given. Once acetylcholinesterase is inactivated, restoration is slow. Recovery can be accelerated by enzyme reactivators like the oxime compounds. Pyridine aldoxime (Pralidoxime, Protopam, P₂S and 2-PAM) can be given in combination with atropine and metaraminol (AMP therapy) and may be the treatment of choice.     

3.3%增效巴·氯水剂的研制

通过实验筛选确定巴沙与氯菊酯复配,加入增效剂可明显提高药剂对虫体的击倒力。药效试验结果表明,该复配制剂优于单剂的防效,增效明显。     

Botanical Therapeutics for Parkinson''s Disease

Parkinson''s disease (PD) was first formally described by James Parkinson in 1817, but the shaking of limbs was described in the literature of several ancient civilizations, such as ancient Chinese civilization and ancient Indian civilization. Historically, botanical drugs were used as the main source for the treatment of such kind of disorders. In Western countries, plant extracts also occupied an important place in the earlier medications of PD. With the adventure of synthetic drugs, the role of plant-derived drugs in management of PD has been diminished. Nowadays, there is still no cure for PD, dopaminergic (DA) medication is the treatment of choice, which is just designed to ameliorate symptoms of PD, and long-term use of DA medication will result in reduced efficacy and severe adverse reactions. It is necessary to explore new methods for the treatment of PD. Chinese medicine (CM) developed a holistic and unique theoretical system, and botanical drugs are widely used in practice for more than two millennia. Modern pharmacological studies have proved that Chinese herbs have potential therapeutic effects on PD, such as enhancing neurotrophic activity, clearing protein aggregates, regulating neuroinflammation, etc. All the advances provide us with hope for developing CM as a mainstream medication for treating PD.     

Hematological Disorders Following Exposure to Insecticides

The medical literature dealing with hematological disorders following exposure to insecticides (chiefly chlorinated hydrocarbons and organic phosphorus compounds) is briefly reviewed. The development of blood dyscrasias as a consequence of exposure to insecticides is considered unlikely. Reported cases are few in number and often involve persons with little contact with these materials. It is often impossible to prove (or to disprove) a cause-and-effect relation in the individual case. Pointers which may be of assistance in evaluating this relationship are described. Purpura as a result of allergic vascular changes after exposure to insecticides is also discussed.     

德国小蠊对杀虫剂的抗性测定

目的 旅客列车德国小蠊对常用杀虫剂的抗性测定。方法 采用WHO推荐的测定杀虫剂敏感性的标准方法。结果 德国小蠊对常用10种杀虫剂的KT50值范围为25’28”～143’9”。R/S值范围为0.51～21.33。结论 旅客列车德国小蠊对常用10种杀虫剂都已程度不同地产生了抗药性,溴氰菊酯对德国小蠊的抗性最低,在药物灭蟑工作中可考虑选用。     

血液灌流抢救重度急性有机磷中毒的临床观察

目的 :探讨血液灌流 ( H P)疗法抢救重度急性有机磷农药中毒 ( AO PP)的疗效及影响因素。方法 :收集 1994年 9月～ 1999年 4月住院的重度 AO PP患者 6 4例 ,其中 32例行 H P治疗 ( H P组 ) ,32例按常规治疗 (常规治疗组 ) ,回顾性对比分析两组患者的临床资料 ,疗效和预后。结果 :H P组清醒时间缩短 ,12小时内清醒 56 .2 5% ,常规治疗组为 31.2 5% ;达阿托品化的时间缩短 ,12小时内 6 2 .5% ,常规治疗组 37.50 % ;血清胆碱酯酶 ( Ch E)恢复活力时间 ( 8.4 8± 4 .0 8)天 ,常规治疗组 ( 11.0 0± 4 .19)天 ,两组比较有显著差异 ( P<0 .0 5) ;阿托品用量较常规治疗组减少 1/3( P <0 .0 5) ;住院时间两组比较无显著差异 ( P >0 .0 5) ;HP组痊愈 2 7例 ,自动出院 5例 ,与常规治疗组比较有显著差异 ( P<0 .0 5)。结论 :重度 A OPP患者在常规治疗的同时 ,早期给予 HP治疗 ,可提高抢救的成功率。