轻比重罗哌卡因连续腰麻在老年前列腺电切及股骨头置换术中的应用

目的探讨轻比重罗哌卡因连续腰麻用于老年病人前列腺气化电切和人工关节置换术的药量与疗效的关系。方法选择60~98岁前列腺气化电切和人工关节置换术病人150例,随机均分为三组,采用24G导管针于L3~4椎间隙穿刺蛛网膜下腔置管2.5~3 cm。三组依次应用0.3%、0.4%、0.5%罗哌卡因(1.001~1.002)轻比重腰麻液1.2~1.5 ml,观察疼痛起效时间,运动阻滞起效时间,痛觉阻滞平面,麻醉持续时间,运动阻滞程度,痛觉及运动恢复时间、阻滞完全病人比例及用药后的不良反应。结果三组镇痛起效时间,痛觉阻滞平面,完全阻滞病人比例差异无统计学意义。运动阻滞起效时间,Ⅲ组比Ⅰ组短(P<0.01),麻醉持续时间改良Bromage评分、痛觉和运动恢复时间Ⅲ组>Ⅱ组>Ⅰ组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论0.45罗哌卡因4.8~6 mg腰麻用于老年前列腺气化电切和股骨头置换可达到完善的镇痛效果,对呼吸、循环干扰不,较为安全。     

轻比重罗哌卡因单侧腰麻联合硬膜外麻醉用于高龄髋关节置换术中的镇痛效果

目的 观察不同剂量轻比重罗哌卡因单侧腰麻联合硬膜外麻醉用于高龄髋关节置换术患者的临床效果及对循环呼吸功能的影响.方法 选择70岁以上行人工髋关节置换术的患者90例,随机分为A、B、C 3组,每组30例.以0.1ml·s-1速度注入腰麻药(A组为轻比重0.5%罗哌卡因1.0ml,B组为轻比重0.5%罗哌卡因1.2ml,C组为轻比重0.5%罗哌卡因1.5ml).记录感觉阻滞起效时间、运动阻滞起效时间、最高阻滞平面、麻醉维持时间、感觉及运动恢复时间,用Bromage法评定下肢运动神经阻滞程度,并观察术中用药情况及不良反应.结果 3组患者在感觉阻滞起效时间、最高阻滞平面方面相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),A、B组的运动阻滞起效时间与C组相比显著延长(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).麻醉持续时间,感觉及运动恢复时间:C组＞B组＞A组(P＜0.05)或(P＜0.01).A组Bromage由3分恢复至0分时间和Bromage分级达3分者人数均低于B组、C组(P＜0.05).A组有3例10%需硬膜外给药.结论 轻比重0.5%罗哌卡因1.2ml(6mg)腰麻用于高龄髋关节置换术可达到完善的镇痛效果,不改变麻醉体位,对呼吸、循环干扰小,安全性高.     

芬太尼对肛门直肠手术患者小剂量罗哌卡因腰麻效果的影响

目的 评价芬太尼对肛门直肠手术患者小剂量罗哌卡因腰麻效果的影响.方法 择期行肛门直肠手术患者40例,性别不限,年龄20 ～ 55岁,BMI 18～ 28 kg/m2,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,将患者分为2组(n=20):0.5％罗哌卡因7.5 mg组(R组)和0.3％罗哌卡因6.0 mg+芬太尼10 μg组(RF组).L3,4间隙行蛛网膜下腔穿刺,穿刺针斜面朝向骶尾部,R组注射重比重0.5％罗哌卡因1.5 ml,RF组注射重比重0.3％罗哌卡因6.0 mg+芬太尼10 μg混合液2.0 ml.记录感觉阻滞起效时间、最高感觉阻滞平面、感觉阻滞持续时间、运动阻滞起效时间和运动阻滞持续时间,记录术毕时改良Bromage评分.结果 与R组比较,RF组感觉阻滞持续时间和运动阻滞持续时间缩短,术毕时改良Bromage评分降低(P＜0.05或0.01);感觉阻滞起效时间、最高感觉阻滞平面、运动阻滞起效时间及不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 10 μg芬太尼混合0.3％罗哌卡因6mg腰麻可满足肛门直肠手术要求,运动神经的阻滞轻,恢复快.     

氯普鲁卡因、布比卡因和罗哌卡因在下肢手术腰-硬联合麻醉中的比较

目的比较氯普鲁卡因、布比卡因和罗哌卡因在下肢手术腰-硬联合麻醉(CSEA)中的应用效果。方法择期行髋关节及以下部位手术患者300例,随机均分成三组:氯普鲁卡因组(C组)、布比卡因组(B组)和罗哌卡因组(R组),蛛网膜下腔分别给予1.5%氯普鲁卡因、0.5%布比卡因和0.5%罗哌卡因各2 ml。记录患者感觉阻滞起效时间、平面固定时间、阻滞平面、腰麻持续时间和运动阻滞效果。结果 C组阻滞平面固定时间、腰麻持续时间明显短于B、R组(P<0.05)。C组感觉阻滞起效时间短于B组,但长于R组(P<0.05)。C组最高阻滞平面明显高于B、R组(P<0.05)。结论与0.5%罗哌卡因和0.5%布比卡因比较,1.5%氯普鲁卡因具有起效快、阻滞完善和运动阻滞效果弱的特点,小剂量氯普鲁卡因可用于手术时间较短的CSEA中的脊麻。     

小剂量轻比重罗比卡因连续腰麻在高龄髋关节置换术中的应用

目的研究轻比重小剂量罗比卡因连续腰麻用于高龄患者的安全性和有效性。方法择期髋关节置换手术患者60例,年龄78~93岁,ASAⅡ~Ⅳ级,随机分为两组。用Spinocath导管针于L3~4间隙穿刺蛛网膜下隙并置管。两组分别以0.1ml/s蛛网膜下隙注入0.3%罗比卡因或0.3%左旋布比卡因轻比重溶液1.0~1.2ml,术中酌情追加0.6~0.8ml维持麻醉。比较两组痛觉、运动阻滞及恢复的异同,并观察用药后的不良反应。结果两组患者均可达到完善的镇痛效果,但罗比卡因的镇痛起效时间、运动阻滞起效时间、最大阻滞时间、最大运动阻滞时间均比左旋布比卡因显著延长(P<0.05或P<0.01);麻醉持续时间、痛觉恢复时间、运动恢复时间比左旋布比卡因显著缩短(P<0.05或P<0.01);罗比卡因最大Bromage评分明显优于左旋布比卡因(P<0.01)。结论轻比重小剂量罗比卡因连续腰麻用于高龄患者髋关节置换手术是安全的,并能达到完善的镇痛效果,不良反应少。     

罗哌卡因腰麻用于椎间孔镜下腰椎间盘摘除术的适宜浓度

目的观察轻比重等容量不同浓度罗哌卡因腰麻用于椎间孔镜下腰椎间盘摘除术的临床效果。方法选择2017年6月至2018年2月就诊的L_4—L_5和L_5—S_1椎间盘突出症患者75例,男40例,女35例,年龄40～65岁,BMI 20～26 kg/m~2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。按照随机数字表法分三组:0.15%罗哌卡因组(R_(0.15)组)、0.18%罗哌卡因组(R_(0.18)组)和0.2%罗哌卡因组(R_(0.2)组),每组25例。轻比重低浓度罗哌卡因腰麻下行经皮椎间孔镜腰椎间盘切除术,在腰穿针回抽脑脊液通畅后,R_(0.15)组注入0.15%罗哌卡因5 ml,R_(0.18)组注入0.18%罗哌卡因5 ml,R_(0.2)组注入0.2%罗哌卡因5 ml。记录感觉神经阻滞情况,包括感觉阻滞起效时间、最高痛觉阻滞平面、最高痛觉阻滞时间、麻醉持续时间。记录运动神经阻滞情况,包括运动阻滞起效时间、运动阻滞恢复时间、Bromage分级2分、2～4分和4分的例数以及术中疼痛感受分级情况。结果 R_(0.2)组最高痛觉阻滞平面高于R_(0.18)组和R_(0.15)组,且R_(0.18)组高于R_(0.15)组。R_(0.2)组麻醉持续时间明显长于R_(0.18)组和R_(0.15)组(P0.05),且R_(0.18)组明显长于R_(0.15)组(P0.05)。R_(0.2)组运动阻滞起效时间明显短于R_(0.15)组和R_(0.18)组(P0.05),运动阻滞恢复时间明显长于R_(0.15)组和R_(0.18)组(P0.05),且R_(0.18)组明显长于R_(0.15)组(P0.05)。R_(0.2)组和R_(0.18)组Bromage评分2分的比例明显高于R_(0.15)组(P0.05)。R_(0.2)组和R_(0.18)组术中感受无痛的比例明显低于R_(0.15)组(P0.05),轻、中度疼痛的比例明显高于R_(0.15)组(P0.05)。三组均无一例Bromage评分4分、术中感受为重度疼痛。结论椎间孔镜下腰椎间盘摘除术麻醉适宜腰麻浓度和剂量为0.18%罗哌卡因5 ml,在同等容量前提下较0.15%罗哌卡因有效,较0.2%罗哌卡因对患者下肢运动影响小。     

喷他佐辛复合罗哌卡因臂丛神经阻滞的效果观察

目的 观察喷他佐辛复合罗哌卡因用于臂丛神经阻滞的效果.方法 40例ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,接受肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞行上肢手术的患者随机均分为:A组,0.33%罗哌卡因30 ml;B组,0.33%罗哌卡因30 ml+喷他佐辛30 mg.手术开始15、30、60 rain及术后1、6、12、24 h行VAS疼痛评分,并记录麻醉起效时间、持续时间及不良反应发生率.结果 B组感觉与运动神经阻滞起效时间明显快于A组(P<0.05),镇痛持续时间明显长于A组(P<0.05),术中、术后VAS疼痛评分低于A组(P<0.05).结论 喷他佐辛复合罗哌卡因臂丛神经阻滞可缩短阻滞起效时间,延长持续时间,改善镇痛效果.     

甲磺酸罗哌卡因和盐酸罗哌卡因肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞的比较

目的 观察0.596%甲磺酸罗哌卡因和0.5%盐酸罗哌卡因在超声引导下行肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞的效果.方法 60例上肢手术行肌间沟臂丛麻醉的患者,随机均分成两组:A组给予0.596%甲磺酸罗哌卡因30 ml;B组给予0.5%盐酸罗哌卡因30 ml.比较两组感觉及运动阻滞起效时间、阻滞程度、运动恢复时间、镇痛持续时间和不良反应.结果 A组尺神经感觉阻滞起效时间显著快于B组[(38.30±14.65)min vs.(48.03±22.34)min](P<0.05).注药60 min A组尺神经感觉完全阻滞29例(96.7%),显著多于B组的20例(66.7%)(P<0.05).结论 0.596%甲磺酸罗哌卡因的尺神经感觉阻滞优于0.5%盐酸罗哌卡因.     

不同比重罗哌卡因腰麻在妇产科手术中的应用比较

目的 :探讨不同比重 1 0mg罗哌卡因用于妇科手术的麻醉效果和并发症发生率 ,并与布比卡因比较。方法 :37例妇科择期手术病人 ,年龄 2 2～ 6 0岁 ,体重 50～ 70kg ,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级 ,随机分为 3组 :R1组 (罗哌卡因重比重液组 ) :罗哌卡因 1 0mg + 5%葡萄糖 1ml+麻黄素 1 5mg共 2 .5ml重比重液 ;R2 组 (罗哌卡因轻比重液组 ) :罗哌卡因 1 0mg +注射用水 3.5ml+麻黄素 1 5mg共 5ml轻比重液 ;B组 (布比卡因重比重液组 ) :布比卡因 7.5mg + 5%葡萄糖 1ml+麻黄素 1 5mg共 2 .5ml重比重液。采用腰麻 -硬膜外联合穿刺 ,成功后将不同局麻药在 30s内注入蛛网膜下腔。观察麻醉起效时间、最高麻醉平面及到达时间、运动阻滞分级、术中镇痛肌松情况 ,麻醉消退时间及术中低血压、恶心、呕吐、术后头痛发生率。对给药后 2 0min平面不足T10 者硬膜外追加 0 .5%罗哌卡因和 1 %利多卡因以满足手术要求。结果 :麻醉起效时间、最高麻醉平面及到达时间组间比较无差异 ,但R2 组显示单边阻滞者多于R1组和B组 ,且需辅以硬膜外给药例数多于R1和B组 ;手术开始时间R1组 ( 1 2min)早于R2 组 ( 1 7.8min)和B组 ( 1 5min) ;术中镇痛、肌松效果 ,单纯蛛网膜下腔阻滞比较 ,R1组与B组相同 ,R2 组镇痛完善例数明显低于R1组和B组 ,辅助硬膜外给药     

等剂量罗哌卡因、左布比卡因腰麻应用于剖宫产术中的比较

目的比较0.75%罗哌卡因和0.75%左布比卡因对剖宫产手术腰麻的临床效果。方法 160例ASA1～2级择期剖宫产手术患者随机分为0.75%罗哌卡因（R）组和0.75%左布比卡因（L）组。采用25G腰麻穿刺针,于L3～4间隙穿刺。监测两组感觉运动阻滞情况、麻醉效果及不良反应情况。结果 R组最大阻滞时间、最大运动阻滞时间均高于L组;而运动恢复时间,R组低于L组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论等剂量罗哌卡因和左旋布比卡因腰麻麻醉效果和不良反应差异无统计学意义,左旋布比卡因运动神经阻滞比罗哌卡因更完全,罗哌卡因则具有运动神经阻滞起效慢而恢复较快的特点。     

2015年乳腺癌辅助化疗进展

【摘要】〓乳腺癌是危害我国女性健康的头号杀手,尽管近年来辅助化疗的研究进展突飞猛进,但临床中仍有不少问题未能明确,如辅助化疗的合适人群、化疗的开始时间、蒽环及紫杉类的地位和用法、强化维持治疗的作用、疗效及预后的生物标志物等。本文结合乳腺癌辅助化疗在临床上的常见问题和2015年各大乳腺癌会议阐述乳腺癌辅助化疗的最新进展。     

Alterations in T-Cell Subset Frequency in Peripheral Blood in Obesity

Background: Obesity affects the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. This study characterizes differences in peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotype in obese humans. Methods: Frequencies of lymphocyte subsets among peripheral blood mononuclear cells were compared between 10 obese (BMI ≥35) and 10 lean subjects, as determined by antibodies directed against cluster differentiation (CD) markers. Results: Obese patients demonstrated an increased frequency of CD3+CD4+ T-cells (mean difference 12%, P=0.004), a decreased frequency of CD3+CD8+ T-cells (mean difference 9.4%, P=0.016) and an increased frequency of CD3+CD8+CD95+ T-cells (mean difference 13.3%, P=0.032). No other differences among T-cell or monocyte subsets were noted. Conclusions: Obesity is associated with alterations in frequencies of peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells and aberrations in the expression of CD95 among CD8+ T-cells. These data suggest both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell compartments, as well as the regulation of CD95 expression on CD8+ T-cells, as targets for further study into obesity's effects on the immune system.     

西宁地区烧伤病人动脉血气分析观察

对高海拔地区的27例烧伤病人动脉血气变化进行了分析和观察。结果证明:无论是存活病人还是死亡病人伤后均存在有低氧血症问题。并且在死亡病人和烧伤合并吸入性损伤病人其低氧血症的发生早于单纯烧伤病人。提示:吸入性损伤病人应立即行气管切开术以保障氧气供给,单纯烧伤病人可常规吸氧以维持正常血 PaO_2,ARDS 均发生在合并吸入性损伤的病人,高频喷射通气技术对纠正低氧血症有一定效果。     

Controversies in Fistula in Ano

Managing a complex fistula in ano can be a daunting task for most surgeons; largely due to the two major dreaded complications—recurrence & fecal incontinence. It is important to understand the anatomy of the anal sphincters & the aetiopathological process of the disease to provide better patient care. There are quite a few controversies associated with fistula in ano & its management, which compound the difficulty in treating fistula in ano. This article attempts to clear some of those major controversies.     

β-半乳糖苷酶在体内外成骨细胞中的表达

目的 研究β—半乳糖苷酶(β—gal)在成骨细胞中的表达状况，为阐明MorquioB综合征的发病机制提供依据。方法 裸鼠各器官和骨组织标本行X-gal染色检测。抽取羊和人骨髓行骨髓基质细胞(BMSCs)培养，分为4组：I：Adv-hBMP-2转染组；Ⅱ：Adv—β—gal转染组；Ⅲ：未转染组；Ⅳ：地塞米松诱导组。分别行X-gal染色和RT-PCR检测β—gal的表达。结果 裸鼠骺板两侧、骨膜内面及松质骨的成骨细胞和破骨细胞可见多量β—gal的表达。未转染BMSCs组有少量β—gal的表达，其他3组细胞的β—gal表达增高。结论成骨细胞和破骨细胞可表达多量β—gal，该两种细胞的β—gal缺乏可能是MorquioB综合征骨骼异常的直接原因。     

Fluid-phase transcytosis in the primate epididymis in vitro and in vivo

Ligated tubules from the corpus epididymidis of men and monkeys were incubated in medium containing horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a marker for fluid-phase endocytosis. HRP was localized by light and electron microscopy after 0, 15, 30 and 60 min of incubation. Movement between the cells was prevented by tight junctions, but bypass of this barrier was apparently achieved by an intracellular vesicular mechanism leading to a time-dependent appearance of HRP in the lumen. Uptake of HRP into basal cells and capture by the lysosomal apparatus of principal cells were also observed. HRP-filled vesicles also appeared in the basal, mid and apical cytoplasm of epithelial cells in the caput 1 h after injection of the tracer into the epididymal circulation of the monkey, suggesting that this pathway also operates in vivo.     

Surgical management of ductal carcinoma in situ in Australia in 1995

Background: In the present paper we describe the presentation and management of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast in women in Australia in 1995. This representative, national data set provides a historical comparator for studies examining DCIS management that follow. Methods: Surgeons identified by population‐based cancer registries as having treated a new diagnosis of DCIS between 1 April and 30 September 1995 completed a questionnaire on the presentation and management of each case. Results: Two hundred and five surgeons supplied treatment details on 418 DCIS tumours in 415 women . Half of all tumours were detected at BreastScreen clinics and a further 25% were detected at other mammography centres. Twenty‐six percent of tumours were palpable at presentation, 33% were multifocal and 55% were high grade (including comedocarcinoma). Breast conserving therapy (BCT) rather than mastectomy was utilized in 260 (62%) of cases. Tumours that were of low grade, small in size and not multifocal were more likely to be treated by BCT. Surgeons seeing six or more DCIS cases in the 6‐month period were more likely to utilize BCT. Of the conservatively treated cases, 22% were referred for a radiation oncology consultation. The most common reasons for treating DCIS with mastectomy were that the tumour was too extensive or multifocal (63%), it extended to margins of the specimen (42%), or patient concerns about recurrence (34%). Conclusions: In 1995 the majority of DCIS was treated with breast conserving surgery alone. Surgeons treating more DCIS cases were more likely to perform conservative surgery than surgeons treating only one DCIS case in the study period.     

Smoking-Attributable mortality in Spain in 2016

IntroductionSmoking-attributable mortality (SAM) is a valuable indicator that can be used to characterize the course and health burden of the smoking epidemic. The aim of this paper was to estimate SAM in Spain in 2016 in the population aged 35 and over, using the best available evidence.MethodsA smoking prevalence-dependent analysis based on the estimation of population-attributable fractions was performed. Smoking prevalence (never, former, and current smokers) was calculated from a combination of the Spanish Health Survey (2016) and the European Health Survey (2014); the relative risk of death among current and former smokers was taken from the follow-up of various cohorts; and mortality rates were obtained from National Center for Statistics data. SAM estimates are presented globally, and by sex, age groups, and major disease categories: cancer, cardiometabolic diseases and respiratory diseases.ResultsIn 2016, 56,124 deaths were attributed to tobacco consumption, 84% in men (47,000), and 50% in the population aged over 74 (27,795). Overall, 50% of SAM was due to cancer (28,281), 65% of which was lung cancer. One in 4 attributable deaths (13,849) occurred before the age of 65.ConclusionsOne in 7 deaths in Spain in 2016 were attributable to smoking. This estimation of SAM clearly highlights the great impact of smoking on mortality in Spain, mainly due to lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.