综合疗法对脑外伤的康复作用

INTRODUCTION Cerebral trauma is a kind of injury of skull and brain induced by out force struck.Except the direct injury of skull and cerebral tissue, secondary injury such as intercranium hematom,cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure always occurred.Sometimes,with compliance of fracture of cervical vertebra and spinal cord,peripheral nerve injury.If synthetic rehabilitation methods were used, good effect can be detected.     

牵引和体疗治疗神经根型颈椎病800例

Background:The mechanism of cervical spondylopathy is very complex.During the retrograde degeneration of the cervical vertebrae hyperosteogeny occurs at the anterior and posterior edges of the vertebrae and the small joints and hyperemia,swelling,fibrosis,calcification or ossification might occur in the around articular ligaments and stimulate or pressure spinal nerve root,the spinal cord,cervical sympathetic nerves and the vertebral artery and cause different clinical manifestations.     

四步练功法治疗胸腰椎骨折

Background:If thoracic- lumbar spine fracture happens, the structure of spinal cord will be destructed and injure spinal cord, and patient with light lesion has mutilation, and patient with serious lesion has paralysis all his life.So it is very important for rehabilitation after injury.Tetra step training,that is oneself reduction therapy,restore the function of spinal cord,and promote fracture healing by dorsum extension exercise step by step,and increasing of muscle strength of back muscle; make compressed vertebra reduction by performing power muscle strength of extensorum and practice posture.It is very good method for therapy of thoracic-lumbar fracture.     

运动疗法治疗脊髓损伤35例

Background: It is significant how to reserve residual myodynamia of patients with spinal cord injury, increase the ability of self care and make them return to the family and society.We adopted kinesitherapy to treat 35 patients with spinal cord injury and reported the results as follows.     

椎管扩大成形术对脊髓型颈椎病肢体功能障碍的改善

Background:The treatment of cervical spondylopathy have two ways,front and posterior decompression operation.But the operation by front route only apply in the cases of 1～ 2 segments of vertebral canal,and the operation by posterior route can cause the compression of posterior spinal cord and lead to dysfunction of limbs more worse.The plastic operation of enlarging vertebra canal can relieve the pressure of spinal cord and avoid re- stenosis of vertebral canal.     

Effects of Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation and Treadmill Training on Locomotion Function and Ultrastructure of Spinal Cord Anterior Horn after Moderate Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

Objective:To investigate the effects of epidural spinal cord stimulation (ESCS) and treadmill training on the locomotion function and ultrastructure of spinal cord anterior horn after moderate spinal cord injury in rats.Method:Nine adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly distributed into three groups: ①spinal cord injury group (SI, n=3). ②spinal cord injury plus ESCS group (SE, n=3). ③spinal cord injury plus treadmill training group (TT, n=3). All rats received a moderate spinal cord injury surgery. Four weeks after surgery, rats in SE group received an electrode implantation procedure, with the electrode field covering spinal cord segments L2—S1. Four weeks after electrode implantation, rats received subthreshold ESCS for 30 min/d. Rats in TT group received 4cm/s treadmill training for 30min/d. Rats in SI group received no intervention, as a control group. All procedures in these three groups lasted four weeks.The open field Basso,Beattie and Bresnahan(BBB) scale was used before and after intervention to evaluate rats′ hindlimb motor function. Result:After four weeks intervention, rats in TT group improved their open field locomotion scores to 20. In contrast, no significant improvement was observed in groups SI and SE. The morphology of synapses and neurons were similar regardless of whether rats had undergone ESCS, treadmill training or not. Conclusion:ESCS alone was not sufficient to improve the walking ability of spinal cord injured rats. ESCS or treadmill training alone might not contribute to the changes of ultrastructure in anterior horn of spinal cord that underlie the recovery of walking ability. Further research is needed to understand the contributions of combination of ESCS and treadmill training to the rehabilitation of spinal cord injured rats.     

中医手法整复并超激光脊神经根照射治疗胸椎关节综合征

INTRODUCTION The disturbance syndrome of thoracic vertebral joint means theclinical syndrome mainly indicating backache caused because ofsecondary injury of spinal nerve root and/or sympathetic nervecaused by joint disturbance of intervertebral discs of thoracic ver-tebrac, zygapophyseal joints and proper joint of thoracic verte-brae. Because the symptoms and signs are complicated, it often ismisdiagnosed as diseases in respiratory system, cardiovascular sys-tem or alimentary system and can not achieve thorough treatment,which used to be cured with drugs, acupuncture and physiotherapybut the effect is not satisfying.     

针刺与手法治疗颈椎病对比分析

INTRODUCTION During the course of the rehabilitation of cervical disease, it wasfound that symptoms of the patient is not always occurred simulan-iously. So the combination of acupuncture and the manuvor methodaccording to the situation or with assistance of cervical tractionshould be used, physical therapy or traditional Chinese herb. Inaddition, it is important to establish self health care, correct positionand appropriate cervical muscle exercise.     

颈椎损伤的X线与CT诊断

Objective To evaluate the diagnosis value of X-ray and CT for cervical spine injury. Methods The clinical data of 50 cases of vertebral spine injuries which were neglected due to missed diagnosis were analyzed retrospectively. Results 50 cases with cervical spine injury, among of them, 27 cases with fracture and/(or) dislocation of the lower cervical vertebrae,9 cases had atlantal fracture,8 cases had atlantoaxial dislocation and 6 cases had the axoid fracture. 24 cases showed abnormality in the lines of vertebral posterior border in the X-ray plain films. 28 cases were diagnosed instabitity,22 cases vertebral canal 0° stricture, 17 cases Ⅰ°stricture, 8 cases Ⅱ°stricture,3 cases Ⅲ° stricture were diagnosed according CT films. 10 cases traumatic cervicales disc herniation. Conclusion X-ray and CT have their own localization for injured cervical vertebraes. We must perform X-ray and CT examination in order to provide overall and reliable information for clinical diagnosis. CT is becoming an indispensible and best modality of choices in the diagnosis of atloaxoid injuries helpful for the surgeon to decide clinical management. The advantages of CT are suggested that this diagnostic modality may be the standard method for the initial evaluation of the cervical spine injury.     

副肿瘤综合征与神经系统损害的相关分析

Non-metastatic or invaded neoplasms sometimes produce distal effects in nervous system,nerve-muscle junction and muscle i.e paraneoplastic syndrome(PNS).PNS is diverse in clinical symptoms.Nervous system symptoms and neoplasm may occur simultaneously or months-years earlier.So,clinical diagnosis and management are very difficult.Here is our report about clinical manifestations in 23 PNS patients admitted in our department. 1 Subjects data 25 PNS patients including 18 males and 7 females,aging from 20～ 76(mean age:54.2) were included in our study.Tumors consisted of pulmonary cancer(n=16),digestive system tumor(n=3),leukemia(n=1),cervical carcinoma(n=1). All nervous system symptoms occur earlier than neoplasm esp.in cervical carcinoma patients(1 month～ 6 year,mean:10 months). Serum tumor markers was increased in 22 cases.Clinical symptoms:myasthenic syndrome was observed in 11 subjects,asthenia of extremities in 8 subjects,asthenia of bilateral lower limbs in 3 subjects,peripheral neuropathy in 9 subjects,numbness of limbs in 4 cases,brachia plexus injury in 1 subject,greater occipital nerve pain in 2 cases,ischialgia neuralgia in 1 subjects,muscle atrophy in 6 subjects,acute transverse myelophthy in 1 subject,progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in 1 subject. 2 Discussion Myasthenic syndrome is more common among these symptoms such as myopathy,peripheral neuropathy,spinal disease,encephalopathy.PNS is diverse in clinical manifestations.According to these symptoms,tumor is very available if diagnosis of nervous system disease could not be confirmed.Prostatic carcinoma,mammary carcinoma,digestive system tumor,cervical carcinoma,adrenal tumor esp. pulmonary carcinoma may be the causes of PNS.PNS may occur 15 years earlier than neoplasms.Once PNS is determined,disease status should be actively observed and primary lesion be surveyed.Diagnosis could be confirmed if (1)Aged over 40;(2)Existence of serum tumor markers.CEA,TPA and NSE increased in 22 subjects.In addition, activity of telomerase which is recently determined tumor marker provides objective base for timely and correct diagnosis of tumors. Laboratory examination and clinical symptoms should be considered during diagnosing tumors.For example,a subject was admmited due to complained abdominal pain, diarrhea,vomiting,headache.After treatment,these symptoms showed no improvement but deterioration accompanied by increased cerebral spinal liquid pressure.Reexamination indicated CEA increase,broad bean like,hard lymphoid in left greater supraclavicular fossa ,interosseous muscles atrophy, and circumferential sense dysfunction of extremities.In the end,cardia signet-ring cell carcinoma was proved by gastroscopic biopsy.     

手术治疗无骨折脱位颈脊髓损伤合并抗利尿激素分泌失调综合征的疗效观察

[目的]探讨手术治疗无骨折脱位颈脊髓损伤合并抗利尿激素分泌失调综合征(syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone,SIADH)的疗效.[方法]回顾性分析2010年9月至2014年9月本院骨科诊治的26例无骨折脱位颈脊髓损伤患者,术前患者Frankel分级:A级12例,B级及以下14例.所有患者均接受椎管减压手术治疗,采用Franke脊髓损伤分级及日本骨科协会评分(Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores,JOA)评估脊髓损伤程度,并观察伤后并发SIADH的时间及疗效.[结果]26例患者均获得随访,随访时间26(12～37)个月,末次随访时Frankel分级:A级8例,B级及以下18例;末次随访时JOA评分为(11.6±3.1)分,JOA评分改善率为78.2％.患者出现SIADH的时间为伤后(4～10)d,恢复时间为(28.4±13.8)d.[结论]手术治疗无骨折脱位颈脊髓损伤患者安全可靠,但围手术期并发的SIADH应重视,补钠并控制入液量能有效地治疗SIADH.     

老年无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤的围手术期护理

目的：探讨老年无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤患者围手术期的护理措施。方法：对29例老年患者术前注重心理护理。做好药物治疗的护理、生活指导及术前准备；术后严密观察生命体征，做好切口护理及脊髓神经功能的观察，注意并发症的预防，指导其功能锻炼。结果：有3例全瘫患者死于呼吸衰竭，其余病例均获得不同程度的恢复，未发生护理并发症。结论：无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤的手术风险大，而老年患者常同时伴有内科疾病，通过科学的围手术期护理是提高颈髓损伤手术成功率，减少并发症，促进功能恢复的重要保证。     

Ⅰ期前后路联合重建不稳定下颈椎骨折脱位的临床观察

目的 分析Ⅰ期前后路联合手术重建不稳定下颈椎骨折脱位的近期临床疗效.方法 我院2006年3月至2009年7月对37例下颈椎严重骨折脱位患者,行Ⅰ期前路减压植骨融合钛板内固定,同期后路复位椎弓根螺钉内固定术.术前应用X线及64排CT明确骨折脱位下位颈椎的稳定程度,指导术前术式选择,同时测量椎弓根的宽度、高度,指导术中螺钉的选择.定期复查观察损伤节段的稳定性和融合率,采用ASIA分级判定脊髓功能的恢复情况.结果 28例患者获得随访,随访时间16.00～38.00个月,平均(22.37±6.93)个月.获得随访的患者,损伤节段稳定,颈椎椎体高度和生理曲度维持良好,融合率为100%,内固定位置良好.无椎动脉及脊髓损伤,无植骨决脱出或钢板、螺钉松动、断裂等并发症,脊髓功能评价平均提高1.30级,患者术后神经症状无一例加重.结论 Ⅰ期前后路联合重建治疗下颈椎骨折脱位,临床疗效满意,是一种可行的方法.     

后路广泛减压侧块螺钉固定治疗无骨折脱位长节段颈髓损伤

【目的】探讨无骨折脱位型长节段颈髓损伤的损伤机制以及后路广泛减压侧块螺钉内固定手术的治疗效果。【方法】对31例无骨折脱位型长节段颈髓损伤的患者,其中先天性颈椎管狭窄和继发性颈椎管狭窄的颈脊髓损伤共25例（80．65％）;伴后纵韧带钙化3例（9．68％）;伴多节段颈椎间盘突出2例（6．45％）,采用后路广泛减压侧块螺钉内固定手术治疗,观察脊髓功’能的变化及评价其临床疗效。【结果】31例术后随访3～17个月,平均9个月,术静ASIA评分平均为96．63±6．4分,术后3周ASIA评分平均为158．53±12．4分,术后3个月ASIA评分平均为18i．68±12．6分,术前和术后两者有统计学显著性差异（P〈0．05）,术后两者无统计学显著性差异（P〉0．05）。除2例术后脊髓功能无改善外,其余患者均有不同程度恢复。【结论】颈椎椎管狭窄是无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤的重要原因;作用因素有惯性作用和直接外力;后路广泛减压侧块螺钉内固定手术能获得较理想的脊髓功能恢复效果。     

无骨折脱位颈髓挥鞭样损伤的临床特征

背景：无骨折脱化颈髓挥鞭样损伤址一种特殊颈椎、颁髓损伤,其损伤的原洲、机制尚存争议,认识其发病机制可为临床诊断和治疗提供重要的理论牲础。目的：综述国内外无骨折脱位颈髓抨鞭样损伤的发病机制和诊断治疗方法。方法：应用计算机检索中国生物医学文献数据库、中文科技驯川令文数撕库（1975年1月至2011年5月）和PubMed数据库（1950年1月至2011年5月）中与无骨折脱位预髓挢鞭样损伤有天的文学,检索词为“颈髓挥鞭样损伤、发病机制、影像学、治疗”和“cervicalspinalcordwhiplashinjuries;pathogenesis;imaging;treatment”,并限定文章语种为-{r文和诞文。纳入所述内容与颈椎无骨折脱化颈髓挥鞭样损伤定义、发病机制、影像学表现和治疗及预后相关的文章,排除曛复性研究。结果与结论：共柃索到90篇相关文章,纳入符合要求的38篇文献进行综述。无骨折脱位颈髓挥鞭样损伤是‘种特殊的颈椎、颈髓损伤,主要rfl过伸性和过屈性损伤引起。近年来对无骨折脱位颁髓挥鞭样损伤的进一步研究发现,其定义、发病机制、影像学表现和治疗标准存在不同的分歧。常规X射线和CT检查无阳性发现,MRI检查能降低无骨折脱何掣颈髓挥鞭样损伤的误诊率,足一利,最佳枪查方法。根据损伤机制可选择前路于术、后路手术和前后路联合手术治疗。     

MRI观察成人无骨折、脱位型颈髓损伤

目的 分析成人无骨折、脱位颈椎外伤合并颈脊髓损伤的MR表现及其临床意义.方法 收集该病患者38例,入院时均行颈椎X线、CT及MR检查,其中男32例,女6例,年龄24～62岁,平均(42.0±0.4)岁.结果 本组病例X线、CT及MR检查均未见颈椎骨折及脱位.脊髓MRI信号改变包括脊髓信号无改变4例,髓内水肿30例,髓内出血9例,脊髓软化或囊性变4例以及增强后有强化13例.其他MRI表现包括颈椎后纵韧带骨化或颈椎间盘退变或损伤后突出等,为脊髓受压迫的原因.结论 MRI可为无骨折、脱位型颈脊髓损伤患者的诊断与正确治疗提供依据.MRI无信号改变或仅有水肿表现者预后较好,髓内出血或者异常强化者预后较差.     

12例无骨折脱位的颈脊髓损伤急诊早期诊治分析

目的：通过12例无骨折脱位颈脊髓损伤（CSCIWFD）病例的总结,探讨此种特殊型颈髓损伤的病因病机,以指导临床医生对此疾病的急诊早期诊断与诊治。方法：回顾性分析我科自2008-12-2010-03收治的12例CSCIWFD病例的急诊治疗过程。即分析所有病例受伤机制及入院后颈椎X片、CT和MRI病例资料及诊疗思路后,并急诊处理后的疗效。结果：12例CSCIWFD患者早期临床确诊后经迅速的治疗,无论是对后期的保守治疗还是手术治疗,均奠定了诊治基础,病情均有明显好转。按ASIA标准分级：B级1例恢复为D级;C级8例中,3例恢复至E级,5例至D级;D级3例均恢复为E级,其中脊髓损伤保守治疗者11例,手术治疗者1例。结论：CSCIWFD作为一种特殊型颈髓损伤,需要仔细分析受伤机制,在X线、CT未显示骨折脱位的情况下,综合病史应考虑到颈髓损伤并早期作出临床诊断,及时运用药物治疗,以利于患者达到最佳恢复效果。切勿因等待MRI结果而错失最佳治疗时间窗。     

颈椎侧块钢板治疗下颈椎骨折脱位

目的　观察颈椎侧块钢板治疗颈椎骨折、脱位的疗效。方法　对采用颈椎侧块钢板治疗 5 4例颈椎骨折、脱位患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果　术后患者均无神经、血管并发症。通过 4～ 36个月的随访 ,颈椎侧块钢板对颈椎固定牢靠 ,无螺钉松脱及钢板断裂现象 ,同时对颈椎滑脱有良好的复位作用。全部达到骨性愈合 ,脊髓功能除 5例按Frankle分级为A级者术后 3个月无明显改善外 ,其余均有不同程度改善。结论　颈椎侧块钢板适用于需要后路减压的颈椎骨折、脱位 ,对其有良好的复位和固定作用 ,有利于脊髓功能的恢复 ;本方法还具有短节段固定 ,术后仅需轻便外固定 ,可早期活动等优点。该手术有一定风险 ,因此要求术者技术熟练 ,操作规范。     

颈椎椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤

目的探讨颈椎椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤的临床疗效。方法将2011年1月至2013年5月于治疗的76例无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤患者按照治疗方法分为两组,治疗组38例,采用颈椎椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗;对组组38例,应用大剂量的甲强龙激素治疗。治疗后比较两组疗效、JOA神经功能评分以及并发症。结果治疗后,治疗组的总有效率为97.37%,高于对照组的81.58%,差异具有显著性(P0.05);治疗组于治疗3个月后、治疗6个月后以及治疗12个月后的JOA神经功能评分均明显高于对照组,差异均具有显著性(P0.01);治疗组的并发症发生率也明显低于对照组,差异具有显著性(P0.05)。结论颈椎椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤的临床疗效显著,值得临床推广应用。     

无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤的治疗和康复

目的探讨无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤手术治疗和保守治疗的临床疗效圾早期康复效果。方法48例男性患者分为手术组29例，行颈后路双开门椎管扩大成型术，并进行早期康复训练；保守治疗组19例，入院后即行康复训练。根据ASIA标准分别于治疗前和治疗后3个月、6个月、12个月对患者进行感觉和运动评分。结果两组在治疗后感觉及运动功能较治疗前提高（P〈0．05）；但手术组疗效明显优于保守治疗组（P〈0．01）。结论无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤患者早期施行减压及稳定手术可取得比保守治疗更好的康复效果。