^99mTc—MIBI心肌灌注显像与电子束CT诊断冠心病的比较

目的比较９９ｍＴｃ甲氧基异丁基异腈（ＭＩＢＩ）心肌ＳＰＥＣＴ显像与电子束ＣＴ（ＥＢＣＴ）冠状动脉钙化（ＣＡＣ）定量积分对冠心病诊断的价值。方法２１例经冠状动脉造影确诊的病人同时进行９９ｍＴｃＭＩＢＩ心肌ＳＰＥＣＴ显像（潘生丁介入试验）及ＥＢＣＴ检查，以冠状动脉造影为金标准，以决策矩阵法评价心肌ＳＰＥＣＴ及ＥＢＣＴ的临床应用价值。结果心肌ＳＰＥＣＴ显像灵敏度为９１％，特异性为８０％，准确性为８６％；ＥＢＣＴ以钙化积分≥１００为阳性标准，则其灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为５５％、１００％及７６％。结论心肌ＳＰＥＣＴ显像和ＥＢＣＴ冠状动脉ＣＡＣ定量积分法均为非创伤性检查法，对冠心病的诊断各具优势及局限性，有互补作用     

~（99m）Tc－MIBI门控平面心肌显像评价心肌梗塞区存活心肌──与~（99m）Tc─MIBISPECT及~（18）F－FDGPET结果比较

为评价９９ｍＴｃ－甲氧基异丁基异腈（ＭＩＢＩ）平面门控心肌显像（ＥＧＰ）在心肌梗塞患者存活心肌判断中的准确性，对２１例心肌梗塞患者进行了静息ＥＧＰ、静息和运动９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ心肌单光子发射计算机断层（ＳＰＥＣＴ）显像及饥饿时静息１８Ｆ－脱氧葡萄糖（ＦＤＧ）正电于发射计算机断层（ＰＥＴ）显像．在２１例患者共１０５个心肌节段中，有１５个节段运动ＳＰＥＣＴ半定量分析局部９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ放射性分布大于左室峰计数的８０％（即正常节段），从本研究中排除．其余９０个节段中有７７个节段ＰＥＴ显像ＦＤＧ摄取明显，１３个节段无ＦＤＧ摄取．以ＦＤＧＰＥＴ为标准，ＥＧＰ在存活心肌判断中的灵敏度和特异性分别为９６％和７７％，而静息ＳＰＥＣＴ的灵敏度及特异性分别为９６％及６９％．两种显像方法在存活心肌判断中差异无显著性，同时两者在心肌节段间计分比较中有良好的一致性（ｒ＝０．８６）．提示ＥＧＰ在存活心肌判断中与ＭＩＢＩＳＰＥＣＴ相似．     

^99mTc—MIBI门控平面心肌显像评价心肌梗塞区存活心肌—与^99mTc…

为评价＾９９ｍＴｃ－甲氧基异丁基异腈（ＭＩＢＩ）平面门控心肌显像（ＥＧＰ）在心肌梗塞患者存活心肌判断中的生，对２１例心肌梗塞患者进行了静息ＥＧＰ、静息帮动物＾９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ心肌单光子发现计算机断层（ＳＰＥＣＴ）显像及饥饿时静息＾１８Ｆ－脱氧葡萄糖（ＦＤＧ）正电子发射计算机断层（ＰＥＴ）正像。在２１例患者共１０５个心肌节段中，有１５个节段运动ＳＰＥＣＴ半定量分析局部＾９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ放射性     

~（99m）Tc－MIBISPECT检测梗塞区存活心肌（与~（18）F－FDGPET结果比较）

评价９９ｍＴｃ-甲氧基异丁基异腈（ＭＩＢＩ）ＳＰＥＣＴ定量分析在心肌梗塞（ＭＩ）区存活心肌判断中的准确性，及视觉判断９９ｍＴｃ-ＭＩＢＩＳＰＥＣＴ结果在缺血与坏死心肌鉴别中的局限性．方法：３４例ＭＩ患者进行了９９ｍＴｃ-ＭＩＢＩＳＰＥＣＴ心肌灌注显像及１８Ｆ标记的脱氧葡萄糖（ＦＤＧ）ＰＥＴ显像．结果：当局部心肌９９ｍＴｃ-ＭＩＢＩ放射性小于左室心肌峰计数的４０％，存活心肌存在的可能性仅为２４％左右；相反，当局部９９ｍＴｃ-ＭＩＢＩ放射性大于左室心肌峰计数的４０％，则９０％以上的心肌节段均为存活心肌．故视觉判断不可逆性缺损明显低估存活心肌．约５９％的不可逆性缺损节段在ＰＥＴ显像中有明确１８Ｆ-ＦＤＧ摄取，提示为存活心肌．结论：９９ｍＴｃ-ＭＩＢＩＳＰＥＣＴ定量分析能明显提高存活心肌的定位诊断，慎重判断及定义心肌灌注显像中的不可逆性缺损区，重视定量分析的研究及应用对ＭＩ区存活与坏死心肌的鉴别诊断有重要价值．     

^99mTc—MIBI心肌灌注断层显像潘生丁试验对冠心病诊断及疗效…

对７０例＾９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ心肌灌注断层显像潘生丁试验（ＣＴＤ）及ＥＣＧ结果与冠状动脉造影（ＣＡ）进行对照分析，结果表明：ＣＴＤ检测冠状动脉管腔狭窄≥５０％病变的灵敏度和特异性分别是８８％和９３％，明显高于ＥＣＧ（５２％和７７％），检出左前降支（ＬＡＤ）、左回旋支（ＬＣＸ）及右冠状动脉（ＲＣＡ）病变的灵敏度分别为８２％、８４％及８３％；检测冠状动脉单支病变的灵敏度为８２％，检出轻、中、重度狭窄的     

^99mTc—MIBI心肌SPECT显像与心电图诊断冠心病的价值

９９ｍＴｃＭＩＢＩ心肌ＳＰＥＣＴ显像与心电图诊断冠心病的价值李维绥吴可贵林好学林明郑勇王长溪核素心肌显像用于冠心病的诊断已取得良好效果。笔者采用９９ｍＴｃ甲氧基异丁基异腈（ＭＩＢＩ）心肌ＳＰＥＣＴ显像联合动态心电图（ＤＣＧ）、普通心电图（ＥＣＧ）...     

门控~（99m）Tc－MIBI心肌断层显像诊断多支冠状动脉病变和心肌缺血

目的：评价门控心肌显像诊断冠心病（ＣＡＤ）的临床意义。方法：对３２例ＣＡＤ患者的９９ｍＴｃ—甲氧基异丁基异腈（ＭＩＢＩ）门控。非门控心肌断层显像和冠状动脉造影进行了比较，以及对４０例ＣＡＤ患者的门控与常规潘生丁─静息心肌断层显像也作了比较。结果：１．门控与非门控显像法诊断ＣＡＤ的灵敏度和特异性无差别，但前者对检测病变冠状动脉和诊断多支冠状动脉病变性ＣＡＤ的灵敏度高于后者，而特异性无差别。２．射血分数（ＥＦ）值显著影响非门控图像的病变显示。３．与非门控显像比较，门控显像能观察到更多的再分布节段和较少的无再分布节段。静息门控心肌显像除发现较多的灌注异常外，还观察到了许多单纯收缩功能受损节段。后者虽然可判断８４％的灌注再分布节段，但特异性不高。结论：门控心肌断层显像对诊断ＣＡＤ无优势，但对诊断ＥＦ值较高的或多支冠状动脉病变性ＣＡＤ、检测病变冠状动脉和心肌缺血有一定价值。     

^99mTc—MIBI心肌断层显像肺摄取的定量分析

为评价＾９９ｍＴｃ＝甲氧基异丁基异腈（ＭＩＢＩ）心肌断层显像肺摄取定量分析对判断左心功能障碍的价值，４２例对照和６５例冠心病患者１周内完成＾９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ周内完成＾９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ心肌ＳＰＥＣＴ显像和核素心室显像。结果：对照组ＬＨＲ运动较静息时低（Ｐ〈０．０１）；冠心病组ＬＨＲ运动和     

~(99m）Tc－MIBI心肌灌注断层显像潘生丁试验对冠心病诊断及疗效观察的临床价值

对７０例９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ心肌灌注断层显像潘生丁试验（ＣＴＤ）及ＥＣＧ结果与冠状动脉造影（ＣＡ）进行对照分析，结果表明：ＣＴＤ检测冠状动脉管腔狭窄≥５０％病变的灵敏度和特异性分别是８８％和９３％，明显高于ＥＣＧ（５２％和７７％），检出左前降支（ＬＡＤ）、左回旋支（ＬＣＸ）及右冠状动脉（ＲＣＡ）病变的灵敏度分别为８２％、８４％及８３％；检测冠状动脉单支病变的灵敏度为８２％，检出轻、中、重度狭窄的灵敏度分别是４４％、８１％、１００％．对１７例经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）患者的术前术后ＣＴＤ结果进行了分析．结果表明ＣＴＤ对于诊断冠心病的灵敏度和特异性都很高，对筛选ＰＴＣＡ术前病人以及手术疗效评价和追踪观察有很重要的临床价值．     

运动静息介入三步^99mTc—MIBI心肌显像预测PTCA疗效

目的：探讨组合方案的ＳＰＥＣＴ ９９ｍＴｃＭＩＢＩ 心肌显像术前预测ＰＴＣＡ 疗效的价值。材料与方法：采用运动、静息、静滴硝酸甘油介入三步９９ｍＴｃＭＩＢＩ 心肌显像对１２２ 例拟行ＰＴＣＡ 治疗的患者进行监测,并以术后１ ～２ 周的运动、静息显像作为疗效指标进行比较。结果：术前心肌显像显示的缺损变化与ＰＴＣＡ 疗效有重要关系。以运动与ＮＴＧ 显像组合反映的缺损变化作为预测指标,则与疗效指标呈正相关（ｒ ＝ ０ ．９３６６） 。结论：运动、静息、静滴硝酸甘油介入三步９９ｍＴｃＭＩＢＩ 心肌显像能够在术前全面准确地预测ＰＴＣＡ 的疗效。     

腺苷负荷心肌灌注显像评价心肌血流供应异常的临床研究

目的 回顾性分析腺苷负荷/静息心肌灌注显像用于评价冠心病心肌血流供应异常的准确性和临床价值.方法 1858例临床确诊或可疑冠心病患者行常规标准程序两日法腺苷负荷/静息99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈心肌灌注断层显像,由2位以上核医学科医师共同阅片定性分析图像.所有患者在显像前后1个月内行冠状动脉（简称冠脉）造影检查.方法间的一致性分析用Kappa检验,Kappa＞0.45为一致性较好.结果 1858例患者中,冠脉造影有1支及1支以上冠脉狭窄≥50%的患者957例,其中单支病变506例,双支病变256例,三支病变195例;共累及冠脉1603支,其中左前降支（LAD）765支、左回旋支（LCX）399支、右冠脉（RCA）439支.腺苷负荷/静息心肌灌注显像示心肌缺血或心肌梗死者1126例,与冠脉造影对照,其诊断冠心病的灵敏度为91.54%（876/957）,特异性为72.25%（651/901）,阳性预测值为77.80%（876/1126）,阴性预测值为88.93%（651/732）,2种方法一致性好（Kappa=0.641）.对LAD、LCX和RCA病变诊断的灵敏度分别为81.31%（622/765）,56.64%（226/399）和70.62%（310/439）;对单支、双支和三支冠脉病变的灵敏度分别为87.55%（443/506）,94.92%（243/256）和97.44%（190/195）.腺苷不良反应的发生率为84.12%（1563/1858）,无严重心脏事件发生.结论 腺苷负荷心肌灌注断层显像诊断冠心病有较高的灵敏度、特异性和准确性,对评价心肌血流供应异常有重要的临床价值.     

Comparative localization of myocardial ischemia by exercise electrocardiography and myocardial perfusion SPECT

BACKGROUND: Prior angiographic study has shown that the patterns of ST-segment depression during exercise do not provide localizing information of the responsible coronary lesion. However, little is known regarding the ability of exercise-induced ST-segment displacement to localize myocardial perfusion defects. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 552 consecutive patients without prior myocardial infarction who had reversible perfusion defect in one vascular territory on rest 201Tl/exercise 99mTc-labeled sestamibi dual-isotope myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and ischemic ST depression or elevation during exercise. Of these, 192 patients had angiographically documented coronary artery disease (CAD). Two hundred thirty-two patients had maximal ST depression in anterior leads, 247 patients had maximal ST depression in inferior leads, and 45 patients had similar maximal ST depression in both anterior and inferior leads. Twenty-eight (5%) patients had ST elevation with absent Q waves. In patients with maximal ST depression in anterior leads, perfusion defects were found in the territory of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in 30%, in the territory of the right coronary artery (RCA) in 52%, and in the territory of the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) in 18%. In patients with maximal ST depression in inferior leads, perfusion defects were found in RCA territory in 44%, in the LAD territory in 42%, and in the LCX territory in 14%. Compared with exercise ST depression, the less common finding of ST elevation did provide accurate localization of perfusion defects. When ST elevation was greatest in the anterior leads, 96% of patients had LAD territory defects. When ST elevation was most prominent in the inferior leads, 100% patients had RCA territory defects. Data of coronary angiograms demonstrated that myocardial perfusion SPECT correctly identified the most stenotic coronary disease for LAD (94%), LCX (72%), and RCA (75%). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study indicate that the site of maximal ST-segment depression does not identify the localization of myocardial perfusion defects. However, the less common finding of exercise-induced ST-segment elevation does predict localization of myocardial ischemia.     

Enhanced sensitivity and specificity of thallium-201 imaging for the detection of regional ischemic coronary disease by combining SPECT with "bull's eye" analysis

Previous studies have indicated that the combination of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and quantitative "bull's eye" analysis (QBA) TI-201 cardiac stress imaging may improve the detection of myocardial ischemia over that achieved with planar (PLN) imaging. This study will evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of SPECT and QBA in the detection of disease in the left anterior descending (LAD), left circumflex (LCX), and right coronary artery. Ninety-nine patients who underwent both TI-201 stress imaging and coronary arteriography were evaluated retrospectively. Of the 99, 62 had PLN imaging and 37 were evaluated with SPECT; 23 of these 37 had QBA. The overall sensitivity and specificity were as follows: PLN, 94% and 50%; SPECT, 90% and 67%; QBA, 100% and 20%; and SPECT with QBA, 92% and 72%, respectively. The regional sensitivity and specificity of PLN for individual coronary arteries were as follows: RCA, 78% and 74%; LAD, 89% and 60%; LCX, 50% and 89%, respectively. For SPECT, the results were: RCA, 86% and 93%; LAD, 85% and 88%; and LCX, 60% and 88%. For QBA alone, the results were: RCA, 100% and 75%; LAD, 88% and 53%; and LCX, 100% and 89%. The results for QBA with SPECT were: RCA, 100% and 94%; LAD, 88% and 80%; and LCX, 67% and 95%. Thus, SPECT interpreted on conjunction with QBA showed higher sensitivity for evaluation of ischemia in the RCA and LCX arteries and higher specificity in the detection of LAD and RCA disease than did PLN TI-201 imaging. Because of the low specificity of QBA (20%), caution is advised in the interpretation of QBA alone without reviewing SPECT images.     

Comparison between (99m)Tc-MIBI myocardial perfusion SPECT and multi-slice computed tomography for identifying and assessing coronary artery disease

Imaging atherosclerotic changes allows us to identify the incidence and to predict the extent of coronary artery disease (CAD). In this study we have examined whether the changes in coronary vessels assessed by multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) reflected those in myocardial perfusion determined by the methyl-iso-butyl isonitryl ((99m)Tc-MIBI) (99m)Tc labeled SPECT study. Seventy-two patients with established CAD underwent the MSCT and the (99m)Tc-MIBI SPECT tests. The correlation between coronary artery calcium scoring (CS) and the extent of CAD in coronary angiography was determined. No correlation between total CS and the score of the reversible and non-reversible perfusion defects in (99m)Tc-MIBI SPECT was found. Following the analysis for the 3 main coronary arteries separately, and the number of reversible perfusion defects, a significant correlation was observed between LAD and RCA vessels (p<0.008 and p<0.004, respectively). MSCT can identify the patients with CAD, only when CS exceeds 300-400; other diagnostic procedures such as (99m)Tc-MuIotaBetaIota SPECT and coronary angiography are recommended.     

Clinical evaluation of 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT in the assessment of coronary artery disease.

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of 99Tcm-MIBI myocardial tomography for detecting coronary artery disease (CAD) 115 consecutive patients who underwent both 99Tcm-MIBI single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and coronary arteriography were studied. Thirty-three patients without and 82 with significant coronary artery disease were documented by coronary arteriography. The overall sensitivity and specificity of 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT for detecting coronary artery disease were 96 and 87.9%, respectively. The sensitivity for identifying patients with CAD without myocardial infarction was 88%. The sensitivity of 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT for detecting individual coronary artery lesions was 86% for left anterior descending artery (LAD), 69% for left circumflex artery (Lcx) and 86% for right coronary artery (RCA), lesions respectively. In conclusion, 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT provides a reliable method for detecting CAD.     

Dipyridamole technetium-99m-2-methoxy isobutyl isonitrile tomoscintigraphic imaging for identifying diseased coronary vessels: comparison with thallium-201 stress-rest study

A same-day double injection protocol employing 99mTc-methoxyisobutyl isonitrile (MIBI) and myocardial single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for detecting coronary artery disease (CAD) was assessed in 30 patients. SPECT was performed 1 hr after a first injection (250 MBq) of 99mTc-MIBI, given after 0.56 mg/kg dipyridamole (DPD) infusion. Patients were then reinjected at rest (750 MBq) and were reimaged 1 hr later. Within 1 wk, all patients underwent a complete stress-rest SPECT thallium study. Of the 330 myocardial segments evaluated, 25 were judged ischemic by both techniques, while persistent defects were demonstrated in 50 and in 47 with 99mTc-MIBI and 201TI, respectively. Six regions were considered for diseased vessels identification. Sensitivity and specificity for CAD were 100% and 75%, respectively, for both 201TI and 99mTc-MIBI. Sensitivity for identification of diseased vessels by 201TI was 68% for LAD, 89% for RCA, and 80% for LCX as opposed to 75%, 89% and 80%, respectively, by 99mTc-MIBI. Specificity was 93% in both cases for LAD, 73% and 63% for RCA, and 53% and 46% for LCX.     

Coronary angiography and thallium-201 single photon emission computed tomography in single vessel coronary artery disease

Polar presentations of selective coronary angiography and myocardial 201T1 SPECT were compared in 49 patients with single vessel disease. Twenty-six lesions were located in LAD, 8 in LCX and 15 in RCA. Perfusion defects were found within the supply area of 44 stenotic and 20 non-stenotic arteries. 201T1 SPECT detected coronary disease in 45 patients (92%) and the obstructed artery in 44 (90%). Single vessel disease was correctly indicated in 28 patients (57%) where the perfusion defects did not extend significantly outside the area supplied by the stenotic artery. Extensive perfusion defects could be explained by 'collateral steal', myocardial disease, LV aneurysm or spasm in 9 patients (18%). The absence of perfusion defect related to the stenotic artery could be explained by a moderate degree of stenosis or well developed collateral vessels in 5 patients (10%). Proximal LAD lesions resulted in larger perfusion defects than distal.     

99Tcm-MIBI心肌显像检测“罪犯”血管

目的 探讨^99Tc^m-甲氧基异丁基异腈（MIBI）心肌显像在检测“罪犯”血管中的价值。方法 选择冠状动脉造影证实有多支血管病变并成功进行经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（PTCA）等血流重建治疗的冠心病患者46例，PTCA术前进行运动、静息、静脉滴注硝酸甘油介入^99Tc^m-MIBI心肌显像，明确缺血与存活心肌量最多的部位，以对应支配该部位的病变血管确定为“罪犯”血管。以术后疗效为标准，验证其准确性。结果 46例中，冠状动脉造影发现病变血管107支，心肌显像确定“罪犯”血管46支。临床对确定的“罪犯”血管进行相应的血流重建治疗，随访均有良好疗效。结论 运动、静息、静脉滴注硝酸甘油介入^99Tc^m-MIBI心肌显像检测“罪犯”血管准确可靠，实用可行。     

Cardiac adrenergic innervation is affected in asymptomatic subjects with very early stage of coronary artery disease.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether, in subjects with a very early stage of coronary artery disease without hemodynamically significant coronary artery stenoses, cardiac adrenergic innervation is already affected. METHODS: Quantitative coronary angiography and dual-isotope SPECT with 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) and 99mTc-sestamibi (MIBI) were conducted to assess the function of cardiac adrenergic innervation and myocardial perfusion, respectively, in 30 asymptomatic volunteers with a high familial risk for coronary artery disease. Regional quantitative analysis of MIBG uptake and washout rates was performed using the SPECT data from the anteroseptal, lateral, and inferior myocardial regions, which represented vascular supply by the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), left circumflex coronary artery (LCX), and right coronary artery (RCA), respectively. RESULTS: The average severity of stenoses was 33% +/- 11% in the LAD, 29% +/- 14% in the LCX, and 26% +/- 19% in the RCA. The severity of stenosis was not related to MIBI uptake in any corresponding myocardial region at rest or during exercise. However, the degree of LAD stenosis correlated directly with delayed MIBG uptake (r = 0.43; P < 0.05) and inversely with MIBG washout (r = -0.34; P = 0.06) of the anteroseptal myocardium. When subjects were divided into tertiles according to the separate severity of stenosis for each coronary artery, delayed MIBG uptake in the anteroseptal region was significantly lower in the lowest LAD tertile (0.34 +/- 0.05) than in the middle (0.41 +/- 0.06; P < 0.01) or highest (0.43 +/- 0.05; P < 0.001) LAD tertile. Correspondingly, delayed MIBG uptake in the lateral region was also lower in the lowest LCX tertile than in the middle tertile (0.34 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.41 +/- 0.06, respectively; P < 0.01). Washout rate was also higher in the lowest LAD tertile (44% +/- 7%) than in the middle (36% +/- 10%; P < 0.05) or highest LAD tertile (34% +/- 8%; P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The degree of coronary artery stenosis was associated directly with MIBG uptake and inversely with MIBG washout. This finding suggests that the function of cardiac adrenergic nerve endings is modified even in mild coronary artery disease before denervation occurs.