Thumb reconstruction by the anterior interosseous osteocutaneous retrograde island flap

Summary An original method for thumb reconstruction by the anterior interosseous osteocutaneous island flap is presented. This flap, based on the superior perforating branch of the anterior interosseous artery, is located on the posterior aspect of the forearm, over the distal third of the radius. The dorsal vascular network of the wrist allows the flap to be raised as a retrograde island flap to reach all the parts of the first ray for reconstruction of osteocutaneous loss of the thumb. Two cases have been operated upon successfully with a satisfactory result.     

One-stage reconstruction of the thumb using an osteo-cutaneous radial artery forearm flap

Summary One stage reconstruction of the thumb, with a satisfactory functional result, is described using an osteo-cutaneous radial artery forearm island flap.     

急诊趾甲皮瓣移植再造拇指

目的介绍急诊趾甲皮瓣移植再造拇指的特点及经验。方法应用趾甲皮瓣移植的方法急诊为34例不同拇指损伤及缺损的病人施行了拇指再造术,在拇指骨支架的重建,受区血管的选择,供区创面的修复等方面进行了改进。结果本组34例,成活31例,失败3例。成活率达91%。术后经6个月至5年的随访,其成活的31例,再造之拇指外形佳,其中30例恢复了良好的感觉和运动功能。27例病人供区植皮全部或大部成活,拇趾无触痛,无创面,无明显功能障碍。4例供区植皮大部坏死,经切除末节趾骨后创面愈合,4例坶趾残端曾出现破溃,经换药后创面愈合,均不影响走路。结论急诊一期拇指再造有最大限度地保留伤指的正常组织,指骨可回植,手术一次完成,缩短治疗时间和减少医疗费用的优点。     

第一掌背动脉皮瓣联合大鱼际皮瓣修复拇指末节皮肤脱套伤

【摘要】目的 探讨第1掌背动脉皮瓣联合大鱼际皮瓣修复拇指末节皮肤套脱伤的疗效。方法 2009年1月至2014年7月,我院对19例拇指末节皮肤套脱伤患者,创面缺损面积在20mm×50mm～30mm×60mm之间,拇指末节皮肤套脱合并甲床缺如13例,皮肤套脱伴甲床残留6例,均采用第1掌背动脉皮瓣联合大鱼际皮瓣进行修复,并观察术后19例拇指功能外形感觉等指标。 结果 本组12例皮瓣术后完全存活;5例术后2～4天皮瓣表面出现水疱,颜色暗红、发紫,间断拆除蒂部旋转点缝线后,皮瓣血运逐渐好转,最终存活良好;2例第1掌背动脉皮瓣尖端皮缘坏死,换药后痂下愈合,无骨外露,所有供区切口均1期愈合。经过3个月随访,手指皮瓣外形良好,指腹皮瓣感觉可,两点辨别觉6～9mm,指背皮瓣无感觉恢复;按照手指总主动活动度(TAM)法评定,优17指,良2指,优良率为100％,按照Michigan手外科问卷评定患者对拇指术后外观的满意度评定,非常满意15例,满意4例. 结论 该术式疗效满意,是治疗拇指末节皮肤套脱伤可行性的一种方法。     

First dorsal metacarpal artery islanded flap: A useful flap for reconstruction of thumb pulp defects

Thumb pulp defects are commonly due to avulsion injuries. It is very important to reconstruct these defects using sensate flaps as the thumb pulp needs to be sensate for implementing the various functions of the thumb. A very good option for coverage of these defects is the islanded first dorsal metacarpal artery flap. Our study was done over a period of 2 years and involved 9 consecutive cases of thumb pulp defects treated at our institution. The patients included 8 males and 1 female, ranging in age from 16 to 51 years old. The flap size ranged from 2 × 1.5 cm to 5 × 3 cm. We had only one complication in the form of partial flap necrosis, which fortunately healed following debridement without the need for a secondary procedure. All our cases were done under local anesthesia with tourniquet control. All the patients had good fine touch and average two-point discrimination of 6 mm, which was satisfactory. Our good results further reinforce the islanded first dorsal metacarpal artery flap as one the best flaps for sensate reconstruction of thumb pulp defects. It replaces the soft tissue loss at the thumb pulp with minimal donor site morbidity and with good return of thumb pulp sensation.     

A case of metacarpal chondrosarcoma of the thumb

Enchondroma is the most common primary benign bone tumor of the hand. Chondrosarcomas in this location, however, are extremely rare. It often is difficult to make a histological distinction between benign cartilaginous tumors and low-grade chondrosarcomas, because enchondromas at this site often show histological features suggestive of malignancy. However, distinguishing the two conditions is clinically relevant because chondrosarcomas of the hand require prompt and more radical treatments such as ray amputations. On the other hand, Mankin has recently given attention to a less aggressive behavior of chondrosarcomas of the phalanges compared with those of other locations. And also, ray amputation does not cause much functional deficit in the finger but does for the thumb. This is a case report of chondrosarcoma affecting the metacarcal bone of the thumb, treated by en block resection and preserving the function of the thumb by bone graft reconstruction, with reference to the literature.     

应用改良的示指近节背侧皮瓣修复轻中度虎口挛缩

目的 介绍改良的示指近节背侧皮瓣在轻中度虎口挛缩治疗中的应用体会.方法 将原来的示指背侧岛状瓣或舌状瓣改成连同虎口一起的示指背侧局部转移皮瓣重建虎口,使皮瓣游离和虎口开大整体进行,简化了手术方法.结果 临床应用111例皮瓣全部成活,术后经3～18个月(平均8.5个月)的随访,局部外形美观,拇指功能恢复良好.虎口开大的优良率为94.6%.结论 改良的示指近节背侧皮瓣转位重建虎口是修复虎口挛缩的有效方法.     

掌背岛状皮瓣治疗指蹼瘢痕挛缩的疗效

目的总结在指蹼瘢痕挛缩治疗中采用掌背岛状皮瓣重建指蹼的方法及疗效。方法 2009年6月-2010年12月,收治指蹼瘢痕挛缩患者10例。男6例,女4例;年龄14～57岁,平均30岁。均为单个指蹼瘢痕挛缩。外伤后瘢痕增生挛缩8例,烧伤后瘢痕挛缩1例,并指分指术后瘢痕挛缩1例。虎口挛缩1例,示中指指蹼挛缩3例,中环指指蹼挛缩5例,环小指指蹼挛缩1例。病程3～9个月,平均5个月。指蹼最大外展度10～20°。瘢痕切除后指蹼间缺损范围为2.0 cm×1.0 cm～3.0 cm×1.8 cm,采用大小为3.5 cm×1.2 cm～4.0 cm×2.0 cm的掌背岛状皮瓣重建指蹼。供区直接缝合或局部皮瓣移位修复。结果术后第2天1例皮瓣出现静脉危象,对症处理后皮瓣成活;其余皮瓣均顺利成活,创面Ⅰ期愈合。供区皮瓣均成活,切口Ⅰ期愈合。10例均获随访,随访时间6～15个月,平均9个月。重建指蹼外形良好,其中1例虎口挛缩者,最大外展度达80°;余9例指蹼最大外展度为35～45°,平均40°。8例瘢痕增生患者,随访期间未见再次瘢痕爬行、挛缩。结论采用掌背岛状皮瓣重建指蹼治疗指蹼瘢痕挛缩,可获得较好的指蹼外观及功能。     

改良髂骨骨皮瓣游离移植治疗掌背复合组织缺损

目的总结游离改良的以旋髂浅动脉为蒂的髂骨骨皮瓣重建掌背骨与软组织缺损体会。方法2009年3月-2012年3月,应用骨皮瓣修复掌背复合组织缺损7例,平均年龄42．9岁。伤肢均为右手．合并不同程度伸肌腱损伤2例：合并腕骨骨折、脱位2例;掌指关节损伤3例;指骨骨折3例。受伤至再手术时间平均为18．6d。术后7d开始功能练习。定期复查,了解植骨愈合、关节活动度、握力大小、皮瓣感觉恢复及供区副损伤,完成患肢手臂肩残疾问卷表及供区可视疼痛评估表。结果本组皮瓣全部成活．5例甲级愈合,2例乙级愈合。平均骨愈合时间：植骨远端2．3个月,近端2．7个月。随访12～24个月,腕关节平均掌屈38．6°,背伸42．9°,尺偏21．4°,桡偏22．9°。受累掌指关节平均活动度35．7°。患侧平均握力13．9kg。3例皮瓣平均静态两点辨别觉13．7mm,余皮瓣仅恢复深触觉。平均手臂肩残疾问卷评分12．1分。所有患者术后2周可行走,术后3个月轻微疼痛1例,术后1年供区瘢痕平软,无疼痛。结论游离改良的以旋髂浅动脉为蒂的髂骨骨皮瓣可成功治疗掌背部骨与软组织缺损,供区损伤较小。     

Correction of thumb deformities after burn: versatility of first dorsal metacarpal artery flap

In the management of a debilitated burned hand due to contractures, thumb reconstruction constitutes the most crucial part for a beneficial functional outcome. Among the limited local flap alternatives for the thumb, the first dorsal metacarpal artery flap, harvested from the dorsal aspect of the index finger can provide elastic, durable and sensate coverage for soft tissue defects after contracture release. In a 3-year period, neurovascular island first dorsal metacarpal artery flap was used in 14 patients suffering thumb deformities. The time elapsed after the underlying injury until reconstruction ranged from 5 months to 17 years. Follow-up revealed that all deformities were successfully treated with satisfactory functional recovery and cosmetic results. Donor site morbidity was minimal with an acceptable scar on the dorsum of the index finger and adequate tendon gliding without producing extension deficit. Our experience with management of deformities involving the thumb and/or adjacent thenar area revealed that the first dorsal metacarpal artery flap is a reliable local neurovascular island flap option, offering acceptable functional and cosmetic outcomes in respect to sensation, elasticity, durability and skin-match.     

膝上外侧动脉为蒂股骨远端骨皮瓣的应用解剖

目的为膝上外侧动脉为蒂股骨远端骨皮瓣游离移植或局部转位提供解剖学依据。方法30侧红色乳胶灌注的下肢标本,解剖观察了膝上外侧动脉的起始、走行、分支、分布及吻合。结果膝上外侧动脉在股骨外上髁近侧(2.8±0.4)cm处起于动脉,起始处动脉外径(2.1士0.3)mm,主干长(2.5±0.4)cm,至外侧肌间隔处发出上、中、下三支骨膜支分布于股骨下端前外侧及前、后、远三支皮支并分别于股骨外上髁近侧(3.8±0.5)cm、(4.9士0.6)cm、(1.5士0.4)cm处进人股骨下段外侧皮肤,远侧皮支及下支骨膜支发出交通支与膝关节血管网吻合。结论膝上外侧动脉为蒂可构成皮瓣或骨皮瓣,既可游离移植也可局部转位修复膝部软组织缺损。     

折叠腓骨瓣一期修复下颌骨放射性骨坏死

目的 探讨采用折叠腓骨复合组织瓣一期修复下颌骨放射性骨坏死术后复合组织缺损的方法，并观察其临床疗效。方法 2004年5月至2005年4月，中山大学附属口腔医院口腔颌面外科采用折叠腓骨皮瓣一期修复下颌骨放射性骨坏死的临床病例共5例。制备腓骨皮瓣，在保持骨膜连续性的情况下，将腓骨截骨后自身折叠成“双管”型腓骨皮瓣，修复受区缺损。结果 5例腓骨皮瓣均成活。术后随访平均8个月，无严重并发症，术后颜面部基本对称，外形满意。复查X线片示腓骨皮瓣与健侧下颌骨骨结合良好，重建下颌骨高度满意，为义齿修复创造了良好的牙槽骨条件。结果 折叠腓骨复合组织瓣一期修复下颌骨放射性骨坏死的成功率高，有效修复了下颌骨及软组织复合缺损，临床疗效满意，值得临床推广应用；     

上臂远端外侧肱骨骨皮瓣修复手部复合组织缺损

目的 探讨上臂远端外侧肱骨骨皮瓣在手外科的临床应用效果.方法 对8例手部复合组织缺损的患者,根据掌指骨缺损的情况,先设计骨瓣的切取位置和大小(骨瓣远端止于肱骨外上髁的上缘),然后再根据皮肤缺损的面积和骨缺损的相对位置设计皮瓣的大小.前臂后皮神经位于皮瓣的中轴线上,可以保留或一并切取使用,恢复受区感觉.皮瓣切取面积为4.0cm×8.0cm～6.0cm×8.0cm,骨瓣切取大小为4.0cm×1.5cm×1.0cm～6.0cm×1.5cm×1.0cm.结果 术后8例骨皮瓣全部存活,上臂供区创面直接闭合,愈合好,上臂功能无影响.术后随访4～24个月,皮瓣感觉恢复良好,移植骨完全愈合,手部外形满意.结论 上臂远端外侧肱骨骨皮瓣是修复手部创面和掌、指骨复合组织缺损的理想选择.     

带拇背侧皮神经营养血管蒂岛状皮瓣修复拇指软组织缺损

目的 探讨带拇背侧侥、尺侧皮神经营养血管蒂的岛状皮瓣修复拇指软组织缺损的可行性及临床效果。方法 从1997年10月至2004年2月，利用拇背侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复拇指软组织缺损，并将皮瓣内皮神经与受区内指神经行外膜吻合，重建受区感觉。结果 临床应用101例皮瓣，其中97例皮瓣均成活，1例皮瓣坏化，3例皮瓣部分坏死，经吻合神经后皮瓣能恢复部分感觉。结论 该皮冲经皮瓣手术操作简单，皮瓣外形好，部分皮瓣能恢复感觉，是修复拇指软组织缺损的较为理想方法。     

Treatment of a symptomatic trapezial dysplasia with metacarpal instability following thumb metacarpal lengthening with an addition-subtraction osteotomy

The most important problem of trapezial dysplasia with thumb metacarpal instability is of bony origin. Together with the progressive capsuloligamentous decompensation it evolves in a progressive adduction deformity of the thumb metacarpal secondary to the dysplasia of the trapezium with its increased articular slope. The addition-subtraction osteotomy restores the anatomy combining two techniques: an abduction-extension osteotomy of the first metacarpal to correct the axis of the first metacarpal and an opening wedge osteotomy of the trapezium to reorientate the trapezial saddle. We present a case of an addition-subtraction osteotomy in a case of symptomatic trapezial dysplasia with metacarpal instability following a thumb metacarpal lengthening in a severely mutilated hand. This technique was especially effective in reducing the instability and pain but mainly in maintaining mobile the only remaining joint of the thumb.     

伴皮肤软组织缺损拇指指骨骨折一期修复

目的 探讨急诊一期钢板内固定结合示指背岛皮瓣修复伴皮肤软组织缺损拇指指骨骨折的临床疗效.方法 2003年7月至2007年7月,对35例伴皮肤软组织缺损拇指指骨骨折患者,采用钢板固定结合示指背岛皮瓣覆盖创面一期修复.结果 平均随访时间3.5年(1～5年),皮瓣全部成活,功能恢复较好,外观满意;骨折平均愈合时间3个月(2～4.5个月),无骨不连及畸形愈合,无感染.结论 示指背岛皮瓣结合坚强内固定,是急诊修复伴皮肤软组织缺损拇指指骨骨折的有效方法.     

Use of an arterialised venous skin flap in the replantation of an amputated thumb

We report the replantation of an amputated thumb using a venous skin flap, harvested from the volar surface of the forearm, to make up the soft tissue defect, and to restore the vascular continuity to the thumb.