河南省中老年人生活质量现状分析

目的了解河南省城乡中老年人生活质量现状。方法采用多阶段分层抽样方法,对1253名中老年人进行问卷调查。结果慢性病的总患病率:中年人为58.2%,老年人为81.0%,二者差别有统计学意义;老年人的躯体功能比中年人的差(P<0.05),其注意力和记忆力的困难程度大于中年人(P<0.005);中年人的压抑、焦虑程度较老年人重(P<0.05);老年人的家庭收入比中年人低(P<0.05)。结论目前我省中老年人尤其是老年人的生活质量有待提高。     

Inadequate Intake of Energy and Nutrients Is Common in Older Family Caregivers

The aim of this study was to investigate the nutritional status, determinants of nutritional status, and adequacy of energy and nutrient intake of older family caregivers (FC). Nutritional status was measured using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), plasma albumin, plasma pre-albumin, and blood hemoglobin concentrations. Dietary intake was assessed with a three-day food record. Comorbidity (B −0.283, 95% CI: −0.492, −0.073), quality of life (B 0.045, 95% CI: 0.018, 0.072) and energy intake (B 0.001, 95% CI: 0.000, 0.002) were significantly associated with the MNA scores of the older FCs (n = 125). It was common for FCs to have lower than recommended intakes of energy and several nutrients, independent of the risk of malnutrition assessed by the MNA. Over half of the FCs had inadequate intake of protein, vitamin A, folate, and fiber, and 25–40% of the FCs had a low intake of vitamin D, vitamin E, thiamine, magnesium, iron, and selenium. It is important to follow both the nutritional status and dietary intake of older FCs regularly to find those with lower than recommended nutrient intake and to avoid poor nutritional status and its adverse effects hampering their ability to serve as FCs.     

Polyphenol Intake in Elderly People Is Associated with Lipid Oxidative Damage

Objective: We hypothesized an association between physiological amounts of different classes and subclasses of polyphenol from a subject's regular diet and lipid peroxidation.

Subjects and Methods: Diet was assessed through direct observation and a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Daily polyphenol intake, total as well as subgroups, and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined together with other variables used as covariates (age, sex, energy intake, Quetelet index, plasma glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides, and tobacco use) in 159 institutionalized elderly subjects (68 men, 91 women) with a mean age of 73.1 years.

Results: Flavonoid intake was inversely associated with MDA in a multiple regression analysis. The potential effect of flavonoids was mainly ascribed to flavanols. A diet score based on the 5 dietary components previously identified as the major contributors to the intake of flavanols was developed. None of the food components was associated with MDA individually, but the overall diet score was inversely associated in a logistic regression analysis.

Conclusions: This study represents one of the few attempts to date to evaluate the impact of phenol intake on oxidative damage. Flavonoids intake must be promoted to reduce the negative health effects of oxidative stress in elderly people.     

Higher Iron Intake Is Independently Associated with Obesity in Younger Japanese Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

We aimed to analyze the association between dietary iron intake and obesity assessed by BMI after adjustment for nutrient intake (macronutrients and fiber) and food groups. The study design was cross-sectional. Patients with type-2 diabetes (n = 1567; 63.1% males; mean age 62.3 ± 11.6 years) were included in the study. To assess diet, consumption of typical food groups was determined by a food frequency questionnaire. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 25 kg/m². We performed a binary regression analysis between quartiles of iron intake and obesity by quartiles of age group. A direct linear association was found for the highest quartile of iron intake and obesity in the younger age group of 30 to 54 years (OR = 3.641, 95% CI = 1.020–12.990; p trend = 0.011). Multivariate analysis using food groups as opposed to nutrients revealed a positive trend for obesity in the younger age group after adjusting for lifestyle factors, energy intake and bean and vegetable intake (p trend = 0.023). In all participants, an inverse association was observed before adjustment by vegetable intake (OR = 0.453, 95% CI = 0.300–0.684; p trend = 0.001). Higher iron intake was associated with obesity independent of macronutrient and fiber intake but only in the youngest quartile of age group examined.     

Dietary Intake,Eating Behavior,Physical Activity,and Quality of Life in Infertile Women with PCOS and Obesity Compared with Non-PCOS Obese Controls

To personalize lifestyle advice for women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and obesity, detailed information regarding dietary intake, eating behavior, physical activity levels, and quality of life (QoL) may be useful. We aimed to investigate in a post-hoc cross-sectional analysis within a large multicenter randomized controlled trial in women with infertility whether there are significant differences in dietary intake (vegetables, fruits, sugary drinks, alcoholic beverages, savory snacks, and sweet snacks); eating behavior (emotional eating, external eating, and restricted eating); physical activity; and QoL between women with PCOS and obesity and non-PCOS obese controls. Participants were asked to complete the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), the Short QUestionnaire to ASsess Health-enhancing physical activity (SQUASH), and the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) at study entry (PCOS: n = 170; non-PCOS: n = 321, mean BMI: 36). Linear and binary (multinomial) logistic regressions were used, and the analyses were adjusted for age, waist–hip circumference ratio, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). No statistically significant differences in dietary intake or physical activity were observed between the two groups. The overall score of emotional eating was 34.6 ± 11.2 in the PCOS group and 34.1 ± 11.3 in the non-PCOS group (p = 0.11). QoL scores (physical and mental) did not differ between PCOS and non-PCOS women. These findings suggest that infertile women with PCOS and obesity and infertile non-PCOS obese controls do not have different dietary habits and have similar mental and physical QoL.     

Dietary Essential Amino Acid Intake Is Associated with High Muscle Strength in Korean Older Adults

The relationship between daily dietary intake of an individual or all essential amino acids (EAAs) and muscle strength in older adults is still inadequately characterized. This population-based cross-sectional study included 5971 participants aged ≥65 years from the 2014–2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Dietary information was derived from the 24 h recall data. Total essential amino acid score (EAAS) was calculated with an intake that satisfied the recommended nutrient intake (RNI) in each essential amino acid (EAA). The mean handgrip strength was estimated from triplicate measurements obtained using the dominant hand, and high muscle strength was defined as handgrip strength ≥28 kg for men and ≥18 kg for women. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression models. After multivariable adjustment, we found that a high total EAAS was associated with high muscle strength in Korean older adults (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.07–1.79). High muscle strength was significantly enhanced with increased total EAA intake from animal sources (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.02–1.58), but there was no significant association with total EAA intake from non-animal sources. EAA intake and high muscle strength are associated based on a positive dose-response relationship in which high muscle strength is further increased when the overall EAA intake meets the RNI. Thus, Korean older adults should ensure an adequate intake of all EAAs from various food sources (especially animal sources) to meet the RNI as a prerequisite for achieving high muscle strength.     

Poor Sleep Quality Is Associated with Altered Taste Perception in Chinese Adults

BackgroundSmall clinical studies have suggested that individuals with insufficient sleep could experience taste dysfunction. However, this notion has not been examined in a large-scale, population-based study.ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine whether overall sleep quality, as assessed by insomnia, daytime sleepiness, snoring, and sleep duration, was associated with the odds of having altered taste perception in a large population-based study.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study that used data from a subcohort of the Kailuan study, an ongoing multicenter cohort study that began in 2006 in Tangshan City, China.Participants/settingThe participants were 11,030 adults aged 25 years or older (mean age 53.7 ± 10.7 years), who were free of neurodegenerative diseases. All the participants had undergone questionnaire assessments and medical examinations at Kailuan General Hospital from June 2012 to October 2013.Main outcome measuresAltered taste and olfactory perception were assessed via a questionnaire with two questions regarding whether participants had any problems with sense of taste or smell for ≥3 months.Statistical analyses performedThe association between sleep quality and altered taste/olfactory perception was examined using a logistic regression model, adjusting for age, sex, lifestyle factors (eg, obesity, smoking, alcohol intake, and physical activity) and health status (eg, lipid profiles, blood pressure, modification use, and presence of chronic diseases).ResultsPoor overall sleep quality was associated with a higher risk of having altered taste perception (adjusted odds ratio for low vs high sleep quality 2.03, 95% CI 1.42 to 2.91; P < 0.001). Specifically, insomnia, daytime sleepiness, and short sleep duration, but not prolonged sleep duration and snoring, were significantly associated with altered taste perception. A significant association between overall sleep quality and the risk of having altered olfactory perception was also observed (adjusted odds ratio for low vs high sleep quality 2.17, 95% CI 1.68 to 2.80; P < 0.001).ConclusionsIn this population-based study, poor sleep quality was associated with a high likelihood of altered taste perception.     

国外老年医疗质量评价研究及其对我国的借鉴意义

随着人口老龄化的发展,老年人医疗服务越来越受到重视。对国外老年医疗质量评价研究进行了系统介绍,并提出应尽快在我国建立适合我国医疗卫生体制的老年人医疗质量评价体系和持续质量改进策略,以满足我国老年人口不断增长的医疗服务需求。     

Carbohydrate Taste Is Associated with Food Intake and Body Mass in Healthy Australian Adults

Background: The taste of carbohydrates may drive their intake. Sensitivity to carbohydrate taste varies among individuals, thus, it is important to understand how differences in sensitivity influence eating behaviour and body mass. Objective: The aims of this study were to assess associations among carbohydrate taste sensitivity, habitual and acute food intake, and body mass; as well as assess the reliability of the carbohydrate detection threshold (DT) test within and across days. Methods: Carbohydrate DT was assessed six times across three sessions in 36 healthy adult participants (22 female) using a three-alternate forced choice methodology. Moreover, 24 h diet records were completed on the days prior to testing sessions, and food intake at a buffet lunch was collected following each session. Anthropometry was also measured. Linear mixed regression models were fitted. Results: The DT test required at least three measures within a given day for good reliability (ICC = 0.76), but a single measure had good reliability when compared at the same time across days (ICC = 0.54–0.86). Carbohydrate DT was associated with BMI (kg/m²: β = −0.38, p = 0.014), habitual carbohydrate intake (g: β = −41.8, p = 0.003) and energy intake (kJ: β = −1068, p = 0.019) from the 24-h diet records, as well as acute intake of a buffet lunch (food weight (g): β = −76.1, p = 0.008). Conclusions: This suggests that individuals who are more sensitive to carbohydrate are more likely to consume greater quantities of carbohydrates and energy, resulting in a greater body mass.     

Sweet,Salty, and Umami Taste Sensitivity and the Hedonic Perception of Taste Sensations in Adolescent Females with Anorexia Nervosa

Objective: The aim of this study was to perform analysis of sensitivity to sweet, salty, and umami tastes based on three measurement methods and of the hedonic perception of taste sensations in adolescent females with anorexia nervosa (AN). The aim of the research was to confirm the results of other authors in terms of the perception of sweet and salty taste in patients with AN, and then develop knowledge about the perception of umami taste, which is still insufficiently studied. Method: A total of 110 females with an age ranging from 13 to 19 years, including 50 newly diagnosed patients with a restrictive subtype of AN and 60 healthy controls participated in gustatory research involving analyses of taste perception (recognition thresholds, ability to identify the taste correctly, taste intensity, and hedonic response) applying the sip and spit method. Results: Females with AN showed reduced sensitivity to salty taste and increased sensitivity to umami taste and, more often than healthy controls, wrongly classified the taste of solutions with a low sucrose concentration. Patients with AN assessed the sodium chloride and monosodium glutamate tastes less negatively than did control participants, and they did not show differences in their hedonic assessment of sucrose. Conclusions: The taste sensitivity alterations in females with AN demonstrated in this paper do not entail decreased hedonic assessment of taste experiences. Based on our results, we cannot consider the observed variation in taste sensitivity in patients with AN to be a factor that increases their negative attitude toward food consumption.     

城市社区老年人生存质量现状分析

目的 分析北京市城市社区老年人生活质量现状，以针对性地开展社区老年保健。方法 采用随机抽样方法，以WHOQOL－BREF量表，对北京市城市社区360名老年人的生存质量进行入户调查。结果 86．9％的老年人生存质量得分在中等以上，生存质量自评高于量表得分。48．1％患有各种慢性病，居于前三位的慢病是高血压、心脏病和糖尿病。同时患这3种病中的两种及以上的生理、心理、社会关系领域得分显低于单纯患其中一种病的老年病和糖尿病。同时患这3种病中的两种及以上的生理、心理、社会关系领域得分显低于单纯患其中一种病的老年人。对“医疗帮助”在“需要及以上”占62．5％，86．11％的被调查对卫生保障服务方便程度的满意程度在中等及以上。结论 北京市城市社区老年人整体生存质量较好；慢性病是影响该人群生存质量的最重要因素；老年人群对医疗服务的需求较大。     

High Intake of Nonmilk Extrinsic Sugars Is Associated With Protein and Micronutrient Dilution in Home-Dwelling and Institutionalized Older People

Background

High dietary sugar intake may compromise protein and micronutrient intakes in people with low energy intakes. The results of micronutrient dilution studies in older people have been few and conflicting. We examined the nutritional status and nutrient intakes associated with nonmilk extrinsic sugars (NMES) intakes in older people representing a broad spectrum of both healthy and vulnerable older populations.

社区空巢老人生活质量调查分析

目的 了解上海市社区空巢老年人的生活质量及其影响因素,为政府有关部门完善相关政策提供依据.方法 采用简明健康状况调查表对212名社区空巢老人进行分析研究.结果 影响社区空巢老人生活质量的主要因素有年龄、有无配偶、文化程度、居住状况、参加体育活动频率、一年内是否住过院和自我健康状况评价（P＜0.05）.不同性别、有无子女和不同家庭经济收入社区老人生活质量量表各维度分值无统计学差异（P＞0.05）.结论 影响社区空巢老年人生活质量的因素众多,社会及家庭应予以关注,共同为老年人营造幸福安康的生活环境,以提高其生活质量.     

Higher Intake of Total Dietary Essential Amino Acids Is Associated with a Lower Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Korean Adults

We hypothesized that a well-balanced intake of total essential amino acids (EAAs) may be associated with lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Korean adults. This population-based cross-sectional study included 25,787 participants aged ≥30 years from the 2008–2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Dietary information was obtained from 24 h recall data. Demographic and lifestyle factors were assessed using self-administered questionnaires, and metabolic biomarkers were obtained from a health examination. Total essential amino acid score (EAAS) was calculated to determine whether essential amino acid (EAA) intake meets the recommended nutrient intake (RNI). Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression models. After adjusting for multiple confounding factors, participants with higher EAAS had a significantly lower prevalence of high blood pressure (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.75–0.98), hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.76–0.98), and Metabolic syndrome (MetS) (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.74–0.996). Spline regression analysis confirmed linearity of the association between total EAAS and MetS. EAA intake and MetS are associated with an inverse dose–response relationship in which metabolic disease may be prevented when the overall EAA intake meets the RNI.     

不同膳食习惯地区中、老年人群的营养与跟骨小梁密度分析

对5个不同膳食习惯地区的655名45～75岁中、老年城市居民、农民、渔民和牧民跟骨X光片的跟骨小梁的分布及密度进行分级评定。跟骨小梁密度(骨密度)分为5级。结果市民的骨密度最高,渔民次之,农民最低。男性比女性的骨密度高,骨密度随年龄的增加而降低。体质指数(BMI)与骨密度呈正相关;膳食中动物性食物的摄入量与骨密度有显著正相关。X光片跟骨小梁密度分级判定法可以作为估计人群骨质疏松盛行状况的参考指标。     

Relationships Among the Physical and Social Home Food Environments,Dietary Intake,and Diet Quality in Mothers and Children

BackgroundBoth the physical and social home food environment (HFE) are believed to influence dietary intake and diet quality, but few studies have examined both aspects together.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among the physical and social HFE, dietary intake, and diet quality in mothers and children.DesignThis was a cross-sectional substudy of a larger study.Participants/settingThe study included 24 mothers (aged ≥30 years) with a biological child aged 6 to 12 years living in the Newark, DE, area between June and November 2018.Main outcome measuresThe outcome measures of interest included the physical HFE (ie, home food availability); aspects of the social HFE (ie, parenting styles, family meal frequency, and policies); maternal and child intake of fruits, vegetables, sugar-sweetened beverages, and snacks; and diet quality using the 2015 Healthy Eating Index total score.Statistical analysisPearson correlations were used to examine the relationship between physical HFE and dietary intake as well as social HFE and dietary intake in both mothers and children. The relationships were further examined through exploratory regression analyses.ResultsIn mothers, fruit availability in the physical HFE was correlated with fruit intake (r = 0.50; P = 0.02). Fruit and vegetable availability in the physical HFE were correlated with 2015 Healthy Eating Index total score in both the mother and child. Family meals participation was correlated with dietary intake (vegetable intake in children, r = 0.44; P = 0.04; and snack intake in mothers, r = –0.74; P < .001). Exploratory regression analysis showed vegetables in the HFE was associated with vegetable intake and 2015 Healthy Eating Index total score in mothers, and fruits and vegetables in the HFE were associated with child 2015 Healthy Eating Index total score. Family meals participation was negatively associated with maternal snack intake and child sugar-sweetened beverages intake. Authoritative parenting was negatively associated with child snack intake and permissive parenting was negatively associated with mother’s fruit intake.ConclusionsBoth the physical and social HFE are associated with maternal and child dietary intake, but only the physical HFE was associated with dietary quality. Although preliminary, these data indicate the importance of future studies that include measures to assess both the physical and social HFE to better elucidate the influences of the HFE on dietary intake.     

Bone Strength of the Calcaneus Is Associated with Dietary Calcium Intake in Older Japanese Men,but Not Women

The relationship between calcium intake and bone strength in older Asian individuals, including Japanese, is controversial; therefore, we herein investigated this relationship in older Japanese populations. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 314 participants older than 65 years who voluntarily participated in a medical examination and responded to questionnaires. The osteo-sono assessment index (OSI) measured at the right calcaneus using a quantitative ultrasonic device was used as an indicator of bone strength. The daily dietary intake of calcium was assessed using a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. A two-way analysis of covariance revealed a significant interaction between sex and calcium intake on the OSI (p < 0.01). A multiple regression analysis showed a positive correlation between calcium intake and the OSI in males (p < 0.01), but not females (p = 0.27). In females, grip strength divided by body weight positively correlated with the OSI (p = 0.04). The present results suggest that a higher calcium intake contributes to bone strength in older Japanese males. Although a higher grip strength may contribute to bone strength in females, the potential of estrogen as a confounding factor needs to be considered.     

Association of Hours of Paid Work with Dietary Intake and Quality in Japanese Married Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

This study investigated the association of hours of paid work with dietary intake and diet quality among Japanese married women. This cross-sectional study was a secondary analysis of a nationwide population survey in 2013. The analytic sample included 644 married women aged 20–59 years. The participants were categorized into five groups according to hours of paid work per week: 0 (housewives), 1–14, 15–34, 35–42, and ≥43 h. Dietary intake was assessed by a self-administered diet history questionnaire. The Nutrient-Rich Food Index 9.3 (NRF9.3) was used to measure the dietary quality. The association of hours of paid work with dietary intake and NRF9.3 score was assessed using a multivariable general linear regression analysis with adjustments for confounders. Hours of paid work were associated with a higher intake of rice and lower intake of vegetables, potatoes, soy products, and seaweeds and nutrients including protein, dietary fiber, and most vitamins and minerals. Hours of paid work were negatively associated with the NRF9.3 score. This study showed that Japanese married women engaging in paid work, especially those who work long hours, have less healthy diets. Efforts to improve the dietary intake of married women with paid work might be needed.     

深圳市梅林社区老年人生存质量研究

目的了解深圳市梅林社区老年人的生存质量状况。方法随机抽取深圳市梅林社区60岁以上老年人350名,采用SF-36量表对其进行问卷调查。调查数据采用SPSS14.0软件包进行描述性分析、t检验、F检验、多元逐步回归分析。结果与国内同类研究比较,深圳市梅林社区老年人在生存质量的8个维度都获得较高的评分,与美国常模比较,在MH维度的评分较低。生存质量维度评分等级排列,深圳市梅林社区78.4%的老年人生存质量在中等及以上水平,生存质量总得分在75分以上者占71.8%。高龄、离异或丧偶、医疗保障和退休前职业对老年人生存质量有影响,年龄与文此程度是影响深圳市梅林社区老年人生存质量的主要因素。结论深圳市梅林社区老年人生存质量处于中等及以上水平;文化程度和心理、精神状态对老年人的生存质量产生广泛影响,加强社区卫生服务,加强社区健康教育,积极关注老年人的心理、精神健康是提高老年人生存质量的重要措施。     

Associations of Feeding Practices in Early Life and Dietary Intake at School Age with Obesity in 10- to 12-Year-Old Arab Children

Understanding the role in pediatric obesity of early life feeding practices and dietary intake at school age is essential for early prevention. The study aimed to examine associations of early life feeding practices, environmental and health-related exposures, and dietary intake at school age as determinants of obesity in children aged 10–12 years. In an earlier study of 233 healthy infants in two Arab towns in northern Israel, neonatal history, feeding practices, and health information were obtained up to age 18 months. This follow-up study assessed dietary intake and anthropometric measurements at age 10–12 years using the 24 h recall method. Overall, 174 children participated in this study. Almost all (98%) the children were breastfed. The prevalence of obesity at school age was 42%. A multivariable model adjusted for energy intake and socioeconomic status showed positive associations of total fat intake and of weight-for-height z score, but not feeding practices in infancy, with obesity. Higher gestational age at birth was associated with lower odds of obesity at age 10–12 years. In conclusion, in a population with near universal breastfeeding, gestational age at birth, weight indicators but not feeding practices in infancy, and total fat intake at school age were associated with increased likelihood of obesity.