缺锌对小鼠T细胞免疫功能的影响

缺锌对小鼠Ｔ细胞免疫功能的影响周平，吴嘉惠（第三军医大学西南医院儿科，重庆６３００３８）关键饲：锌，免疫，Ｔ细胞ＴｈｅＥｆｆｅｃｔｏｆＺｉｎｃＤｅｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｖｏｎＴＣｅｌｌｕｌａｒＩｍｍｕｎｉｔｙｉｎＭｉｃｅ￥ＺｈｏｕＰｉｎｇ；ＷｕＪｉａｈｕｉ（...     

细胞免疫治疗联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的效果

目的 分析细胞免疫治疗联合化疗对晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效及不良反应.方法 选取医院2015年1月—2016年12月收治的50例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者作为对照组,接受单纯化疗治疗;选取医院2017年1月—2018年12月收治的50例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者作为试验组,接受细胞免疫治疗联合化疗治疗,观察比较两组的临床疗效及不良反应...     

消化道肿瘤患者外周血中CD4~+CD25~+调节性T细胞检测的临床意义

[目的]探讨消化道肿瘤患者外周血中CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(Treg)的表达情况及其与消化道肿瘤发生、发展的关系。[方法]采用流式细胞术检测56例健康成人及56例消化道肿瘤患者外周血CD4+CD25+Treg的水平,分析和比较两组之间的差异及各指标之间的相关性,并进行统计学分析。[结果]健康成人对照外周血CD4+CD25+Treg比例为(9.35±2.88)%,消化道肿瘤患者比例显著增高为(17.85±3.85)%,两者比较有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。消化道肿瘤患者外周血CD4+CD25+Treg比例与淋巴结转移和TNM分期有相关性,淋巴结转移阳性和TNM分期越晚,Treg比例越高。[结论]消化道肿瘤患者外周血CD4+CD25+Treg比率升高,导致免疫抑制功能增强,可能是消化道肿瘤发生的重要机制;且增高程度与肿瘤临床分期正相关,未来可作为消化道患者病情进展的重要预测指标。     

叶酸在体外对人肝癌细胞株生长的影响

目的研究叶酸的抑癌防癌作用,用叶酸在体外对人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721进行处理.方法采用生长曲线法、MTT法研究叶酸对细胞的增殖和功能的影响;采用FCM进行细胞周期分析研究叶酸对细胞凋亡的影响.结果提示在叶酸浓度达13.5×10-5mol/L和40.5×10-5mol/L时对人肝癌细胞株的增殖和功能有抑制作用,40.5×10-5mol/L时引起的凋亡率可达27.3%.结论叶酸对脐静脉内皮细胞无抑制作用,表明叶酸对正常人体细胞无不良影响而对癌细胞有抑制作用.     

主动免疫治疗原因不明习惯性流产后细胞免疫功能的变化

目的:探讨原因不明习惯性流产(URSA)患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群在主动免疫治疗前后的变化。`方法:用流式细胞仪测定并比较经主动免疫治疗前后的32例URSA患者外周血CD3+、CD4+、CD8+细胞亚群百分率及CD4+/CD8+比值;同时选择30例正常早孕妇女作为对照。结果:与对照组比较,URSA患者外周血中CD4+细胞百分率及CD4+/CD8+比值升高,CD8+细胞百分率降低(均P<0.01),而两组CD3+细胞百分率无差异。主动免疫治疗后CD3+细胞无变化,CD4+细胞、CD4+/CD8+比值较治疗前明显下降;CD8+细胞则明显升高(均P<0.01)。结论:CD4+细胞百分率升高、CD8+细胞百分率降低与UR-SA发生有关;主动免疫治疗可降低CD4+细胞百分率,提高CD8+细胞百分率,有利于妊娠发展。     

重组结核分支杆菌38000蛋白的理化特征与细胞免疫功能

目的：探讨重组38000蛋白在结核病流行病调查和亚单位疫苗研制中的应用前景。方法：等电点测定，肽图分析和圆二色光谱分析研究重组38000蛋白的理化性质；豚鼠皮试，MTT法测外周血单核细胞增殖和巨噬细胞吞噬探讨重组38000蛋白在细胞免疫中所起的作用。结果：重组38000蛋白是酸性蛋白，其等电点为4．67，肽图分析表明其碱性氨基酸的数量与理论一致；重组38000蛋白的二级结构由α－螺旋（32．6％），β-转角（31．6％）和无规则卷曲（35．8％）组成，它能诱发致敏豚鼠产生DTH反应；增强小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能；刺激30．8％健康者和25％所试结核病人的外周血单核细胞增殖。结论：重组38000蛋白可能在结核病流调中具有应用前景，并可作为亚单位疫苗候选者之一。     

LAK、NK及T细胞亚群在肝癌手术前后的动态变化

研究肝癌患者手术前后LAK、NK细胞活性和T细胞亚群免疫功能的动态变化,检测了31例肝癌患者手术前后和30例正常成人志愿者的淋巴因子活化性杀伤细胞(LAK)、自然杀伤细胞(NK)活性以及T淋巴细胞亚群较肝癌患者的LAK、NK活性以及CD3、CD4和CD4/CD8比值均明显降低(P＜0.01),CD8有增高趋势(P＞0.05);术后16d,上述细胞免疫活性与术前相比显著增高(P＜0.05).结果细胞免疫功能在肝癌患者中严重受损并且与肿瘤的消长有密切关系,LAK、NK、TC细胞亚群活性为判断肝癌手术疗效和预后的重要指标,对肝癌的综合治疗有指导意义.     

Immunotherapy in Melanoma,Gastrointestinal (GI), and Pulmonary Malignancies

Oncologic immunotherapy involves stimulating the immune system to more effectively identify and eradicate tumor cells that have successfully adapted to survive the body''s natural immune defenses. Immunotherapy has shown great promise thus far by prolonging the lives of patients with a variety of malignancies, and has added a crucial new set of tools to the oncologists'' armamentarium. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of immunotherapy treatment options that are currently available and under active research for melanoma, gastrointestinal (esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, and colorectal), and pulmonary malignancies. Potential biomarkers that may predict favorable responses to immunotherapies are discussed where applicable, as are future avenues of research in this rapidly evolving field.     

SARS感染医务人员出院后免疫功能的变化

目的 探讨SARS患者出院2个月后细胞免疫和体液免疫功能的变化。方法 分别采用流式细胞仪和散射免疫比浊仪检测31例SARS出院2个月患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和免疫球蛋白水平，并与正常对照组比较。结果与对照组相比，SARS组CD3^-、CD8^ 细胞百分数升高，CD4^-细胞百分数无明显改变，CD4^-／CD8^ 比值和NK细胞百分数下降；IgA水平明显降低，IgG、IgM、C3、C4水平差异无显著性。结论 SARS患者出院2个月后仍存在细胞免疫和体液免疫功能的低下。     

Survival Extrapolation in Cancer Immunotherapy: A Validation-Based Case Study

Background

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors may provide long-term survival benefits via a cured proportion, yet data are usually insufficient to prove this upon submission to health technology assessment bodies.

Diagnostic and Pharmacological Potency of Creatine in Post-Viral Fatigue Syndrome

Post-viral fatigue syndrome (PVFS) is a widespread chronic neurological disease with no definite etiological factor(s), no actual diagnostic test, and no approved pharmacological treatment, therapy, or cure. Among other features, PVFS could be accompanied by various irregularities in creatine metabolism, perturbing either tissue levels of creatine in the brain, the rates of phosphocreatine resynthesis in the skeletal muscle, or the concentrations of the enzyme creatine kinase in the blood. Furthermore, supplemental creatine and related guanidino compounds appear to impact both patient- and clinician-reported outcomes in syndromes and maladies with chronic fatigue. This paper critically overviews the most common disturbances in creatine metabolism in various PVFS populations, summarizes human trials on dietary creatine and creatine analogs in the syndrome, and discusses new frontiers and open questions for using creatine in a post-COVID-19 world.     

The Role of Creatine in the Development and Activation of Immune Responses

The use of dietary supplements has become increasingly common over the past 20 years. Whereas supplements were formerly used mainly by elite athletes, age and fitness status no longer dictates who uses these substances. Indeed, many nutritional supplements are recommended by health care professionals to their patients. Creatine (CR) is a widely used dietary supplement that has been well-studied for its effects on performance and health. CR also aids in recovery from strenuous bouts of exercise by reducing inflammation. Although CR is considered to be very safe in recommended doses, a caveat is that a preponderance of the studies have focused upon young athletic individuals; thus there is limited knowledge regarding the effects of CR on children or the elderly. In this review, we examine the potential of CR to impact the host outside of the musculoskeletal system, specifically, the immune system, and discuss the available data demonstrating that CR can impact both innate and adaptive immune responses, together with how the effects on the immune system might be exploited to enhance human health.     

Association between Polygenetic Risk Scores of Low Immunity and Interactions between These Scores and Moderate Fat Intake in a Large Cohort

White blood cell (WBC) counts represent overall immunity. However, a few studies have been conducted to explore the genetic impacts of immunity and their interaction with lifestyles. We aimed to identify genetic variants associated with a low-WBC risk and document interactions between polygenetic risk scores (PRS), lifestyle factors, and nutrient intakes that influence low-WBC risk in a large hospital-based cohort. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected by genome-wide association study of participants with a low-WBC count (<4 × 10⁹/L, n = 4176; low-WBC group) or with a normal WBC count (≥4 × 10⁹/L, n = 36,551; control group). The best model for gene-gene interactions was selected by generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction. PRS was generated by summing selected SNP risk alleles of the best genetic model. Adjusted odds ratio (ORs) of the low-WBC group were 1.467 (1.219–1.765) for cancer incidence risk and 0.458 (0.385–0.545) for metabolic syndrome risk. Vitamin D intake, plant-based diet, and regular exercise were positively related to the low-WBC group, but smoking and alcohol intake showed an inverse association. The 7 SNPs included in the best genetic model were PSMD3_rs9898547, LCT_rs80157389, HLA-DRB1_rs532162239 and rs3097649, HLA-C rs2308575, CDKN1A_rs3176337 and THRA_rs7502539. PRS with 7 SNP model were positively associated with the low-WBC risk by 2.123-fold (1.741 to 2.589). PRS interacted with fat intake and regular exercise but not with other nutrient intakes or lifestyles. The proportion with the low WBC in the participants with high-PRS was lower among those with moderate-fat intake and regular exercise than those with low-fat intake and no exercise. In conclusion, adults with high-PRS had a higher risk of a low WBC count, and they needed to be advised to have moderate fat intake (20–25 energy percent) and regular exercise.     

Creatine in Health and Disease

Although creatine has been mostly studied as an ergogenic aid for exercise, training, and sport, several health and potential therapeutic benefits have been reported. This is because creatine plays a critical role in cellular metabolism, particularly during metabolically stressed states, and limitations in the ability to transport and/or store creatine can impair metabolism. Moreover, increasing availability of creatine in tissue may enhance cellular metabolism and thereby lessen the severity of injury and/or disease conditions, particularly when oxygen availability is compromised. This systematic review assesses the peer-reviewed scientific and medical evidence related to creatine’s role in promoting general health as we age and how creatine supplementation has been used as a nutritional strategy to help individuals recover from injury and/or manage chronic disease. Additionally, it provides reasonable conclusions about the role of creatine on health and disease based on current scientific evidence. Based on this analysis, it can be concluded that creatine supplementation has several health and therapeutic benefits throughout the lifespan.     

乳腺浸润性微乳头状癌辅助及调节性T细胞表达分析

目的分析比较乳腺浸润性微乳头状癌（IMPC）妇女外周血辅助性及调节性T细胞表达水平。方法连续选择2012年1—12月经临床及病理确诊住院的女性IMPC患者21例,选择同期住院乳腺浸润性导管癌患者（IDC）24例,同期住院确诊为乳腺良性疾病女性患者27例,采用流式细胞仪进行外周血血清及病灶组织上清液中辅助性T细胞（CD₃⁺、CD₄⁺、CD₈⁺、CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺）和调节性T细胞（CD⁴CD25⁺ Treg 和CD₊⁴ CD₂₅⁺ Foxp3⁺Treg）表达水平测定。结果IMPC患者外周血及病灶组织CD₊³、CD₊⁴表达水平、CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺比值均明显低于IDC组及对照组,CD₊⁸水平则明显高于后两者（均P<0.05或P<0.01）;IMPC组外周血及病灶组织CD⁴CD25⁺ Treg及CD₊⁴ CD₂₅⁺ Foxp3⁺Treg表达水平均明显高于IDC组及对照组（均P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论IMPC患者外周血及病灶组织中存在明确的调节性T细胞和辅助性T细胞异常表达,可能与其生物学行为及特殊的临床表现有关。     

桑拿浴服务人群细胞免疫水平与性传播疾病感染关系

目的　了解高危人群的细胞免疫水平对预防艾滋病 (AIDS)与性传播疾病 (STD)感染的关系。方法　采用流式细胞术和血清病原学测定桑拿服务员的CD 4 T细胞及AIDS/STD抗体携带。结果　桑拿服务员WBC <4 0× 10 9/L及淋巴细胞 (LYM) <4 0× 10 9/L组的乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV)及梅毒螺旋体 (USR)抗体携带分别为 9 9%及 2 8% ,极显著高于WBC≥ 4 0× 10 9/L及淋巴细胞 (LYM)≥ 4 0× 10 9/L组 (P均 <0 0 1)。CD 4 数与USR之间有密切联系(r=0 6 98　P <0 0 5 ) ,前者CD 4 T细胞 4 5 1/μl显著低于后者 (5 6 0 /μl,P <0 0 5 ) ,但CD 4 /CD 8之比与CD 4 百分率 ,前者 2 4 9与 35 9%显著高于后者 (1 84与 31 3% ,P <0 0 5与 0 0 1)。两组均未检出HIV抗体阳性携带者。结论　桑拿人员细胞免疫低下与AIDS/STS感染有关 ,不良性行为对此有媒介作用 ,其细胞免疫调节功能可能处于应激状态。     

CD4+CD25+T细胞研究新进展

CD4 CD25 T细胞是新近才被认识的一类免疫调节细胞,在胸腺中产生,主要发挥抑制性免疫调节功能,表达IL-10 mRNA,细胞表面表达IL-2受体a链(CD25),在维持机体内环境的稳定、抗感染免疫、抗肿瘤免疫、诱导移植耐受及自身免疫性疾病等方面发挥重要作用。     

儿童呼吸道合胞病毒感染T细胞亚群变化

目的 分析儿童呼吸道合胞病毒感染后T细胞亚群变化情况. 方法 选择儿童呼吸道合胞病毒感染患者34例为观察组,并选取同期健康体检小儿35例为对照组,在明确诊断后检测两组患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群及T淋巴细胞亚群. 结果 观察组Th1和Th2比率均高于对照组（P＜0.05）,Th1/Th2则低于对照组（P＜0.05）,观察组外周血T淋巴细胞亚群中CD3＋和CD8＋低于对照组（P＜0.05）,CD4＋高于对照组（P＜0.05）,且CD4＋/CD8＋高于对照组（P＜0.05）. 结论 小儿呼吸道合胞病毒性毛细支气管炎与小儿哮喘的T细胞亚群及Th1/Th2功能变化存在相似性,两者发病机制之间存在一定的关联性.     

紫外辐射致T细胞亚群改变的剂量效应关系的实验研究

为探讨紫外线低剂量长期作用对免疫功能的影响和紫外辐射致T细胞亚群改变的剂易效应关系,我们以T细胞亚群为指标,以太阳荧光灯为光源,进行了亚慢性动物实验。结果表阴、1/8MED为安全剂量,持续照射不能引起T细胞亚群变化。而1MED持续照射则能引起免疫抑制,表现在Ts增高和T_H/T_S比例下降上。提示我们在医疗卫生工作及实际生活中,应避免此剂量的持续暴露,以免发生免疫抑制。本实验为制订紫外线接触限值提供了免疫学依据。     

Metabolic Basis of Creatine in Health and Disease: A Bioinformatics-Assisted Review

Creatine (Cr) is a ubiquitous molecule that is synthesized mainly in the liver, kidneys, and pancreas. Most of the Cr pool is found in tissues with high-energy demands. Cr enters target cells through a specific symporter called Na⁺/Cl⁻-dependent Cr transporter (CRT). Once within cells, creatine kinase (CK) catalyzes the reversible transphosphorylation reaction between [Mg²⁺:ATP⁴⁻]²⁻ and Cr to produce phosphocreatine (PCr) and [Mg²⁺:ADP³⁻]⁻. We aimed to perform a comprehensive and bioinformatics-assisted review of the most recent research findings regarding Cr metabolism. Specifically, several public databases, repositories, and bioinformatics tools were utilized for this endeavor. Topics of biological complexity ranging from structural biology to cellular dynamics were addressed herein. In this sense, we sought to address certain pre-specified questions including: (i) What happens when creatine is transported into cells? (ii) How is the CK/PCr system involved in cellular bioenergetics? (iii) How is the CK/PCr system compartmentalized throughout the cell? (iv) What is the role of creatine amongst different tissues? and (v) What is the basis of creatine transport? Under the cellular allostasis paradigm, the CK/PCr system is physiologically essential for life (cell survival, growth, proliferation, differentiation, and migration/motility) by providing an evolutionary advantage for rapid, local, and temporal support of energy- and mechanical-dependent processes. Thus, we suggest the CK/PCr system acts as a dynamic biosensor based on chemo-mechanical energy transduction, which might explain why dysregulation in Cr metabolism contributes to a wide range of diseases besides the mitigating effect that Cr supplementation may have in some of these disease states.