The Global Impact of Alcohol Consumption on Premature Mortality and Health in 2016

This study aimed to estimate the impact of alcohol use on mortality and health among people 69 years of age and younger in 2016. A comparative risk assessment approach was utilized, with population-attributable fractions being estimated by combining alcohol use data from the Global Information System on Alcohol and Health with corresponding relative risk estimates from meta-analyses. The mortality and health data were obtained from the Global Health Observatory. Among people 69 years of age and younger in 2016, 2.0 million deaths and 117.2 million Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) lost were attributable to alcohol consumption, representing 7.1% and 5.5% of all deaths and DALYs lost in that year, respectively. The leading causes of the burden of alcohol-attributable deaths were cirrhosis of the liver (457,000 deaths), road injuries (338,000 deaths), and tuberculosis (190,000 deaths). The numbers of premature deaths per 100,000 people were highest in Eastern Europe (155.8 deaths per 100,000), Central Europe (52.3 deaths per 100,000 people), and Western sub-Saharan Africa (48.7 deaths per 100,000). A large portion of the burden of disease caused by alcohol among people 69 years of age and younger is preventable through the implementation of cost-effective alcohol policies such as increases in taxation.     

Burden of Disease Associated with Dietary Exposure to Aflatoxins in China in 2020

Aflatoxins (AFTs), as a group 1 carcinogen, could lead to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Dietary intake is the primary way of AFT exposure in humans. However, the contribution of foodborne AFT intake to the HCC burden remains unknown in recent years in China. Hence, the present study was conducted to estimate the burden of HCC attributed to foodborne AFT exposure by using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The risk assessment was used to estimate the incidence of HCC related to AFT exposure. Concentrations of AFTs in peanuts, peanut oil, corn, and corn products were retrieved from literature published between 2010 and 2020 in China. Corresponding daily food consumption data were obtained from two nationwide Chinese surveys. A direct approach was used to calculate DALY and DALY rates to quantify the HCC burden attributed to dietary AFT exposure. The total amount of AFT intake through peanut, peanut oil, corn, and corn products was 4.018 ng/kg bw/day resulting in 0.125 extra HCC cases per year/100,000 persons, corresponding to a DALY number and DALY rate of 21,625.08 and 1.53 per 100,000 population, respectively. Regionally, DALYs were high in Guangxi and Guangdong provinces, corresponding to 5948 and 5595 DALYs. A total of 1.5 DALYs/100,000 were lost due to the AFT exposure. DALYs per 100,000 population were higher in several coastal areas. Though the disease burden of HCC caused by dietary AFTs was low in the Chinese population, a high health risk was found in the residents of some areas with high AFT exposure. AFTs are still a health challenge for the Chinese people.     

The Disease and Economic Burdens of Esophageal Cancer in China from 2013 to 2030: Dynamic Cohort Modeling Study

BackgroundEsophageal cancer (EC) is the sixth leading cause of tumor-related deaths worldwide. Estimates of the EC burden are necessary and could offer evidence-based suggestions for local cancer control.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to predict the disease burden of EC in China through the estimation of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and direct medical expenditure by sex from 2013 to 2030.MethodsA dynamic cohort Markov model was developed to simulate EC prevalence, DALYs, and direct medical expenditure by sex. Input data were collected from the China Statistical Yearbooks, Statistical Report of China Children’s Development, World Population Prospects 2019, and published papers. The JoinPoint Regression Program was used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) of DALY rates, whereas the average annual growth rate (AAGR) was applied to analyze the changing direct medical expenditure trend over time.ResultsFrom 2013 to 2030, the predicted EC prevalence is projected to increase from 61.0 to 64.5 per 100,000 people, with annual EC cases increasing by 11.5% (from 835,600 to 931,800). The DALYs will increase by 21.3% (from 30,034,000 to 36,444,000), and the years of life lost (YLL) will account for over 90% of the DALYs. The DALY rates per 100,000 people will increase from 219.2 to 252.3; however, there was a difference between sexes, with an increase from 302.9 to 384.3 in males and a decline from 131.2 to 115.9 in females. The AAPC was 0.8% (95% CI 0.8% to 0.9%), 1.4% (95% CI 1.3% to 1.5%), and –0.7% (95% CI –0.8% to –0.7%) for both sexes, males, and females, respectively. The direct medical expenditure will increase by 128.7% (from US $33.4 to US $76.4 billion), with an AAGR of 5.0%. The direct medical expenditure is 2-3 times higher in males than in females.ConclusionsEC still causes severe disease and economic burdens. YLL are responsible for the majority of DALYs, which highlights an urgent need to establish a beneficial policy to reduce the EC burden.     

中国人群肝癌疾病负担：多数据源证据更新整合分析

目的 分析我国肝癌疾病负担。方法 基于《中国肿瘤登记年报》、全国三次死因回顾性调查、《中国卫生健康统计年鉴》、《中国死因监测数据集》、GLOBOCAN、五大洲癌症发病率（CI5）、WHO死亡数据库、全球疾病负担项目（GBD）国内外8个数据源,摘录我国人群肝癌的发病、死亡和伤残调整生命年（DALY）等信息,分析肝癌疾病负担既往、现况及预期。结果 ①既往：CI5 1973-2012年的长期数据显示,我国城市（以上海市为例）男、女性肝癌发病率分别下降41.3%和36.3%,农村（以启东市为例）分别下降了32.3%和12.2%;近10年年报也显示2005-2015年全国发病和死亡率分别下降8.1%和12.8%;基于年鉴数据的Joinpoint分析也提示下降：2002-2017年全国死亡率平均年度变化百分比为-3.0%（P<0.05）。②现况：GLOBOCAN估计2018年我国肝癌发病率、死亡率和1年患病率分别为18.3/10万、17.1/10万和10.8/10万;最新年报显示,2015年肿瘤登记地区发病和死亡率分别为17.6/10万和15.3/10万,且均随年龄上升;监测数据报道2017年全国死亡率与之接近（16.7/10万）,男女死亡比为3.1。GBD报道2017年我国肝癌所致DALY达1 115.3万人年,占全球的53.7%,HBV感染始终居归因首位。③预测：GLOBOCAN 2018预测至2040年我国肝癌发病和死亡例数将分别达到59.1万例和57.2万例,分别比2018年增加50.5%和54.9%,>70岁人群增幅明显。④经济负担：相关文献汇总显示,基于个体的研究报道的例均直接医疗费用呈上升趋势。结论 多数据源均显示,我国人群肝癌发病和死亡率在数十年间有所下降,提示人群干预的有效性;但人群负担依然沉重,应继续加强优化一、二级预防为主的综合干预策略。     

应用伤残调整寿命年测量山东省居民疾病负担

目的:应用伤残调整寿命年测量山东省居民疾病负担,提出该地区主要卫生问题,为卫生决策提供科学依据。方法:以山东省2000—2005年19个疾病监测点的死因监测资料为基础,利用世界卫生组织(WHO)提供的方法计算不同疾病在不同性别年龄人群所造成的伤残调整寿命年(DALYs),其中,YLDs根据WHO公布的亚太区2002年疾病负担数据进行估算。结果:2000—2005年山东省疾病监测系统居民因为早死和残疾年平均损失149.74个DALYs/千人,其中,76.6%的DALYs损失因慢性非传染性疾病所致,14.1%由传染性疾病等引起,9.2%因为意外伤害造成;接近1/2(45%)的DALYs损失发生在60岁以上人群;恶性肿瘤为造成男性居民DALYs损失的首位原因,其次为精神行为疾患、意外伤害、脑血管病和心脏病等,女性居民则以精神行为疾患为DALYs首位原因,其次为心脏病、恶性肿瘤、脑血管病和呼吸系统疾病。结论:以循环系统疾病、精神行为疾患和恶性肿瘤为首的慢性非传染性疾病为造成山东省疾病负担DALYs损失的主要原因,对于精神行为疾患的重要性的认识有待于进一步提高,研究的主要局限性在于发病率资料的缺乏。     

南通市经济技术开发区居民2013年恶性肿瘤疾病负担分析

目的 分析2013年南通市经济技术开发区(开发区)恶性肿瘤的死亡流行特征及疾病负担,为恶性肿瘤防治提供科学依据。 方法 通过计算恶性肿瘤死亡率、标化死亡率、伤残调整寿命年(disability adjusted life years,DALYs)、早死所致寿命年(years of life lost,YLLs)和残疾所致寿命年(years lived with disability,YLDs)指标,分析主要恶性肿瘤的疾病负担和人群分布特征。 结果 2013年南通市开发区恶性肿瘤死亡率为209.88/10万,标化死亡率为103.20/10万。恶性肿瘤所致DALYs率为20.66/千人,男性和女性分别为26.97/千人和14.50/千人。恶性肿瘤DALYs损失以YLLs为主,占86.27%。DALYs前5位与死亡率顺位一致,依次为肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、结直肠癌和食管癌,其中男性DALYs率最高的为肝癌6.66/千人,女性DALYs率最高的是肺癌3.13/千人。 结论 肺癌和肝癌仍是危害南通市开发区居民健康的主要癌种,45岁以上人群是预防和干预的重点人群,应针对性开展筛查和防治工作,以减少疾病负担。     

The breast cancer related burden of morbidity and mortality in six European countries: the European Disability Weights project

BACKGROUND: The burden of breast cancer expressed in Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) was compared for six European countries and its sensitivity to different sources of variation examined. METHODS: DALYs were calculated using country-specific epidemiological data and European Disability Weights. Epidemiological data for 1996 were obtained for Denmark, England and Wales, France, The Netherlands, Spain and Sweden. Disability weights were empirically derived. RESULTS: Denmark and The Netherlands lost the largest number of DALYs (approximately 1100 DALYs per 100,000 women). They were followed by England (87% of the Danish burden), France (72%), Sweden (68%) and Spain (67%). 70 to 80% of the burden was caused by mortality. Cross-national variation in disease epidemiology was the largest source of variation in the burden of breast cancer. Variation in disability weights and uncertainty in epidemiological data had smaller effects. CONCLUSION: To compare the burden of breast cancer and most other types of cancer mortality rates provide sufficient information.     

我国慢性病与疾病负担的国际比较

目的 研究我国慢性非传染性疾病（NCD）导致的主要死亡原因和健康寿命损失年,与相关国家比较发现我国主要慢性病的危害程度与疾病负担特点.方法 根据世界卫生组织发布的各国因病（伤害）的死亡人数、死亡率、标准化死亡率、健康寿命损失年、每10万人健康寿命损失年、每10万人年龄标准化健康寿命损失年,按传染性疾病、慢性非传染性疾病、伤害进行大类分类,按疾病（伤害）类别进行中级分类,按病种进行小类分类后按照类别,选用R2.15分析软件绘图比较.结果 我国慢性病疾病死亡的绝对数每年约737.6万人,健康寿命损失1.41亿年,年龄标化死亡率627人/10万人,年龄标准化健康寿命损失10 829年/10万人.因慢性病导致的死亡占全死因死亡数的79.4％,健康寿命损失年占全死因健康寿命损失年的70.3％.结论 我国慢性病死亡率与健康寿命损失前三位分别为心血管疾病、恶性肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病与神经精神疾病、心血管疾病、感官疾病.在中国、英国、美国、加拿大、日本、韩国、印度7个国家中,我国疾病负担仅次于印度,其中食管癌、慢性阻塞性肺疾病的健康寿命损失为世界平均水平的6倍、2倍,糖尿病患病人数增长速度居世界前列.     

Tuberculosis DALY-Gap: Spatial and Quantitative Comparison of Disease Burden Across Urban Slum and Non-slum Census Tracts

To quantitatively assess disease burden due to tuberculosis between populations residing in and outside of urban informal settlements in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, we compared disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), or “DALY-gap.” Using the 2010 Brazilian census definition of informal settlements as aglomerados subnormais (AGSN), we allocated tuberculosis (TB) DALYs to AGSN vs non-AGSN census tracts based on geocoded addresses of TB cases reported to the Brazilian Information System for Notifiable Diseases in 2005 and 2010. DALYs were calculated based on the 2010 Global Burden of Disease methodology. DALY-gap was calculated as the difference between age-adjusted DALYs/100,000 population between AGSN and non-AGSN. Total TB DALY in Rio in 2010 was 16,731 (266 DALYs/100,000). DALYs were higher in AGSN census tracts (306 vs 236 DALYs/100,000), yielding a DALY-gap of 70 DALYs/100,000. Attributable DALY fraction for living in an AGSN was 25.4 %. DALY-gap was highest for males 40–59 years of age (501 DALYs/100,000) and in census tracts with <60 % electricity (12,327 DALYs/100,000). DALY-gap comparison revealed spatial and quantitative differences in TB burden between slum vs non-slum census tracts that were not apparent using traditional measures of incidence and mortality. This metric could be applied to compare TB burden or burden for other diseases in mega-cities with large informal settlements for more targeted resource allocation and evaluation of intervention programs.     

1990—2019年江苏省非霍奇金淋巴瘤疾病负担研究

目的 分析1990—2019年江苏省非霍奇金淋巴瘤疾病负担变化情况,为非霍奇金淋巴瘤的防控提供科学依据。方法 利用2019年全球疾病负担数据库江苏省非霍奇金淋巴瘤的发病数、发病率、死亡数、死亡率、伤残调整寿命年(disability adjusted life years, DALYs)、DALYs率,分析1990—2019年江苏省非霍奇金淋巴瘤的性别、年龄分布及其变化趋势。结果 2019年江苏省非霍奇金淋巴瘤发病数为7 299例,标化发病率为5.92/10万,死亡数为3 182例,标化死亡率为2.45/10万,DALYs为85 328人年,标化DALYs率为71.79/10万。与1990年相比,各指标均呈上升趋势。不同性别人群非霍奇金淋巴瘤年龄别发病率、死亡率和DALYs率均随年龄的增长而升高,但男性发病率、死亡率和DALYs率高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 1990—2019年江苏省非霍奇金淋巴瘤疾病负担呈加重的趋势,男性和高龄人群是其疾病负担的高危人群,应针对非霍奇金淋巴瘤制定综合防控措施,减轻患者疾病负担。     

The Burden of Stroke in Kurdistan Province,Iran From 2011 to 2017

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to calculate the burden of stroke in Kurdistan Province, Iran between 2011 and 2017.MethodsIncidence data extracted from the hospital information system of Kurdistan Province and death data extracted from the system of registration and classification of causes of death were used in a cross-sectional study. The World Health Organization method was used to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).ResultsThe burden of stroke increased from 2453.44 DALYs in 2011 to 5269.68 in 2017, the years of life lost increased from 2381.57 in 2011 to 5109.68 in 2017, and the years of healthy life lost due to disability increased from 71.87 in 2011 to 159.99 in 2017. The DALYs of ischaemic stroke exceeded those of haemorrhagic stroke. The burden of disease, new cases, and deaths doubled during the study period. The age-standardised incidence rate of ischaemic stroke and haemorrhagic stroke in 2017 was 21.72 and 20.72 per 100 000 population, respectively.ConclusionsThe burden of stroke is increasing in Kurdistan Province. Since health services in Iran are based on treatment, steps are needed to revise the current treatment services for stroke and to improve the quality of services. Policy-makers and managers of the health system need to plan to reduce the known risk factors for stroke in the community. In addition to preventive interventions, efficient and up-to-date interventions are recommended for the rapid diagnosis and treatment of stroke patients in hospitals. Along with therapeutic interventions, preventive interventions can help reduce the stroke burden.     

1990年与2017年中国0~19岁人群跌倒疾病负担分析

目的 分析和比较1990年和2017年中国0~19岁人群跌倒疾病负担,为制定该人群的跌倒预防控制策略措施提供依据。方法 利用全球疾病负担2017研究结果,选取因跌倒死亡数、死亡率、过早死亡损失寿命年（YLL）、YLL率、伤残损失寿命年（YLD）、YLD率、伤残调整寿命年（DALY）和DALY率等指标,对中国0~19岁人群跌倒疾病负担进行描述,通过比较1990年和2017年相应指标的变化,描述疾病负担变化情况。结果 2017年中国0~19岁人群因跌倒造成的死亡人数、YLL、YLD和DALY分别是5 321人、42.86万人年、14.24万人年和57.10万人年;死亡率、YLL率、YLD率和DALY率分别为1.76/10万、141.49/10万、46.99/10万和188.48/10万。男童跌倒疾病负担大于女童,年龄越低跌倒造成的疾病负担越重。与1990年相比,2017年0~19岁人群中各年龄组的男童、女童跌倒导致的疾病负担均有不同程度下降,死亡数、死亡率、YLL率和DALY率分别下降65.08%、46.63%、47.38%和36.33%;低年龄组疾病负担下降幅度较大。2017年YLD率较1990年增加了73.31%。YLL占DALY比例由1990年的90.84%下降为2017年的75.07%,下降幅度17.36%。结论 与1990年相比,中国0~19岁人群疾病负担有一定幅度下降;跌倒仍然给中国0~19岁人群造成一定的疾病负担,以0~4岁人群为重点人群,应继续开展预防跌倒相关研究和工作。     

Burden of four vaccine preventable diseases in older adults

BackgroundImplementation of additional targeted vaccinations to prevent infectious diseases in the older adults is under discussion in different countries. When considering the added value of such preventive measures, insight into the current disease burden will assist in prioritization. The aim of this study was derive the first estimates of the disease burden in adults aged 50 years or over in the Netherlands for influenza, pertussis, pneumococcal disease and herpes zoster.MethodsThe average annual disease burden for these four diseases in the Netherlands was calculated for the period 2010–2013 using the disability-adjusted life years (DALY) measure. Disease models and parameters were obtained from previous research. Where possible we adapted these models specifically for older adults and applied age-specific parameters derived from literature. The disease burden based on these adapted models and parameters was compared with the disease burden based on the general population models.ResultsThe estimated average annual disease burden was from high to low: pneumococcal disease (37,223 DALYs/year), influenza (7941 DALYs/year), herpes zoster (942 DALYs/year), and pertussis (812 DALYs/year). The adaptation of models and parameters specifically for the elderly resulted in a higher disease burden compared to the use of general population models.ConclusionsAmong older adults, the disease burden in the period 2010–2013 was highest for pneumococcal disease, mostly because of high mortality, followed by influenza. Disease burden of herpes zoster and pertussis was relatively low and consisted mostly of years lived with disability. Better information on the course of infectious diseases and long-term consequences would enable more accurate estimation of disease burden in older adults.     

彰武和凤城地区伤害死亡特征及疾病负担分析

目的 了解2017年辽宁省彰武县和凤城市(县级市)伤害死亡情况及疾病负担,为农村居民制定伤害预防控制策略和措施提供参考。 方法 收集2017年彰武和凤城地区居民的全死因死亡数据和人口学资料,采用死亡率、标化死亡率、死因顺位、早死所致寿命损失年(years of life Lost,YLL)和平均潜在减寿年数(average potential years of life lost,AYLL)等指标,用SPSS 22.0进行统计分析。 结果 2017年辽宁省彰武和凤城地区伤害死亡率为54.02/10万(标化死亡率为44.69/10万),占总死亡的6.36%,居全死因顺位第3位。男性死亡率为80.40/10万(标化死亡率为66.29/10万),女性死亡率为27.12/10万(标化死亡率为22.26/10万),男性高于女性(χ²=126.24,P＜0.001)。伤害死亡前五位原因中交通事故标化死亡率最高,为23.15/10万。伤害死亡导致的AYLL为17.35年。男性伤害死亡的YLL(6 917人年)大于女性(2 087人年)。不同伤害死亡原因的YLL以交通事故(5 052年)最大 ,总体YLL率随年龄的增长呈现先下降,后上升,然后再下降的趋势,不同年龄段男性的YLL率均大于女性。 结论 伤害是2017年彰武和凤城地区居民的主要死亡原因之一,对男性和老年人群的危害比其他人群更大。交通事故既是伤害的首位死因,也是造成疾病负担的首位原因。有关部门应对重点人群采取针对性的预防和控制措施,以降低伤害造成的损失。     

1996～2005年中国女性宫颈癌死亡水平研究

[目的]了解我国近10年女性宫颈癌死亡状况的变化趋势,发现宫颈癌死亡的高危人群,为制订预防宫颈癌死亡的策略提供科学依据。[方法]对1996~2001年全国卫生统计年报和2002~2005年中国卫生统计年鉴资料中的女性死亡资料进行描述性统计分析。[结果](1)1996~2005年我国城市女性宫颈癌死亡率在2/10万至4/10万之间波动,农村女性宫颈癌死亡率在0/10万至7/10万之间波动;(2)我国城乡女性宫颈癌死亡率随年龄的增加而升高;(3)城市30~49岁、农村30~59岁女性宫颈癌死亡在同年龄组女性恶性肿瘤死亡所占比重最高;(4)2005年城乡20~24岁组女性宫颈癌死亡在同年龄组的女性恶性肿瘤死亡中均占第4位死因。[结论]中国城市女性宫颈癌死亡率呈平稳状态,农村女性宫颈癌死亡率波动性大。应提高对年轻女性宫颈癌死亡的警惕和重视。     

我国女性乳腺癌所致DALY疾病负担：2000-2050年分析与预测

目的 基于全球疾病负担项目2019年最新开放数据,分析我国女性人群因乳腺癌所致伤残调整寿命年（DALY）负担的现况、既往与未来并行国际比较。方法 摘录描述DALY总数、世界标化率值及不同亚组构成,分析我国女性乳腺癌2000-2019年趋势、2019年现况与国际现况比较;利用Joinpoint行2050年预测,主要指标为平均年度变化百分比（AAPC）。结果 2000-2019年,我国女性乳腺癌所致的DALY数在所有女性癌种中的顺位由第四位升至第二位,DALY总数增长了48.4%,其中伤残损失寿命年的占比从4.8%增至8.8%;标化DALY率仅有略微下降（AAPC=-0.3%,其中2016-2019年转为上升,AAPC=1.6%）。2019年,我国女性乳腺癌所致标化DALY率为278.0/10万,DALY数为287.7万人年（占全球乳腺癌的14.2%,占我国女性全部癌种负担的12.1%）,其中26.5%有明确归因（以超重与肥胖最多,为33.6万人年;月经、生育等常见乳腺癌影响因素相关数据在平台未见）;预测提示,2050年,我国女性乳腺癌所致DALY总数将达380.0万人年~516.2万人年,较2019年增加32.1%~79.4%。年龄分布方面,2000-2019年,年龄别DALY数和DALY率峰值均后移,年龄≥ 65岁者的DALY数较<65岁者增长更快（AAPC分别为4.8%和1.3%）;2019年的45~74岁（中国女性乳腺癌筛查与早诊早治指南推荐筛查起始年龄）女性贡献了全部DALY负担的74.3%。结论 近20年我国女性乳腺癌所致DALY率基本未变,近年甚至有增加;若无持续扩大的有效干预,伴随人口老龄化的放大作用,乳腺癌所致DALY在我国女性人群的负担将会加重。乳腺癌主要危险因素相关DALY负担归因数据报道仍有限。     

某市居民主要恶性肿瘤疾病负担分析

摘要:目的　分析2014年某市居民主要恶性瘤疾病负担情况,为卫生行政部门制定肿瘤防治措施提供参考依据。方法　对2014年某市居民主要恶性肿瘤发病和死亡病例资料进行统计分析,利用全球疾病负担研究中使用的专门公式计算恶性肿瘤的死亡损失生命年（YLL）、伤残损失年（YLD）和伤残调整寿命年（DALY）评价该地居民主要恶性肿瘤的疾病负担。结果　该地居民由恶性肿瘤导致的疾病负担为每千人22.7251个DALYs,其中YLLs为17.2218,占75.78%,YLDs为5.5033,占24.22%。DALY前5位的恶性肿瘤为肝癌（26.59%）、肺癌（14.50%）、胃癌（7.91%）、宫颈癌（7.47%）、鼻咽癌（4.00%）,占到该市居民全部恶性肿瘤疾病负担的60.47%。男性居民由恶性肿瘤导致的疾病负担为女性的1.70倍,肝癌、肺癌、胃癌、肠癌、白血病的DALYs男性高于女性,而鼻咽癌、胰腺癌、淋巴癌的DALYs女性高于男性,男性与女性DALY顺位有所不同。结论　该市居民恶性肿瘤疾病负担主要由早死所致,肝癌、肺癌、胃癌、宫颈癌和鼻咽癌是恶性肿瘤防治的重点。     

Global,Regional, and National Burden of Protein–Energy Malnutrition: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study

Background: Statistical data on the prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of protein–energy malnutrition are valuable for health resource planning and policy-making. We aimed to estimate protein–energy malnutrition burdens worldwide according to gender, age, and sociodemographic index (SDI) between 1990 and 2019. Methods: Detailed data on protein–energy malnutrition from 1990 to 2019 was extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database. The global prevalence, deaths, and DALYs attributable to protein–energy malnutrition and the corresponding age-standardized rates (ASRs) were analyzed. Results: In 2019, the global prevalence of protein–energy malnutrition increased to 14,767,275 cases. The age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) showed an increasing trend between 1990 and 2019, while the age-standardized deaths rate (ASDR) and age-standardized DALYs rate presented a significantly decreasing trend in the same period. Meanwhile, there was a clearly ASPR, ASDR, and age-standardized DALYs rate downtrend of the prediction curve when the SDI went up. Conclusions: PEM still has a relatively serious disease burden in the world, especially in children and the elderly. At the same time, this phenomenon will be more obvious due to the aging of the world’s population. Effective prevention measures should be strengthened to continuously improve public health conditions.     

湖南省1990-2017年脑卒中疾病负担

目的 描述1990-2017年湖南省脑卒中疾病负担及变化趋势,为其防控政策的制定提供依据.方法 描述2017年全球疾病负担研究(global burden of diseases study,GBD)结果中包括湖南省脑卒中死亡数、过早死亡损失寿命年(years of life lost,YLLs)、伤残损失寿命年(ye...     

Global Burden of Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella Disease, 2010

Nontyphoidal Salmonella is a major cause of bloodstream infections worldwide, and HIV-infected persons and malaria-infected and malnourished children are at increased risk for the disease. We conducted a systematic literature review to obtain age group–specific, population-based invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) incidence data. Data were categorized by HIV and malaria prevalence and then extrapolated by using 2010 population data. The case-fatality ratio (CFR) was determined by expert opinion consensus. We estimated that 3.4 (range 2.1–6.5) million cases of iNTS disease occur annually (overall incidence 49 cases [range 30–94] per 100,000 population). Africa, where infants, young children, and young adults are most affected, had the highest incidence (227 cases [range 152–341] per 100,000 population) and number of cases (1.9 [range 1.3–2.9] million cases). An iNTS CFR of 20% yielded 681,316 (range 415,164–1,301,520) deaths annually. iNTS disease is a major cause of illness and death globally, particularly in Africa. Improved understanding of the epidemiology of iNTS is needed.