3.0T MRI成像技术与CR钼靶X线成像技术在乳腺癌诊断中的应用价值对照

目的:探讨3.0 T MRI与CR钼靶X线对乳腺癌诊断的价值。方法:收集46例乳腺病变患者,术前均行MRI、CR钼靶检查,均经手术病理证实。结果:46例患者中(57个病灶),乳腺癌30例(34个病灶),乳腺良性病变16例(23个病灶)。钼靶诊断乳腺癌的敏感度、特异度、准确度分别为70.59%,82.61%,75.44%;MRI诊断乳腺癌的敏感度、特异度、准确度分别为94.12%,78.26%,87.72%。结论:3.0 T MRI诊断乳腺癌的敏感度、准确度均高于CR钼靶检查,而特异度低于钼靶。     

乳腺良恶性病变的MRI与钼靶X线对比探讨

目的 通过对乳腺良恶性病变的MRI表现与钼靶X线的对比探讨，探讨两种不同影像学检查方法在诊断乳腺病变方面的优劣及其联合应用的临床价值。     

乳腺疾病的X线钼靶与MRI对比研究

目的 分析乳腺疾病的X线钼靶与MRI影像学表现,评价X线钼靶与MRI对乳腺疾病的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析了60例乳腺疾病的X线钼靶与MRI表现,MRI分别采用自旋回波T1WI、短时反转恢复(STIR)序列及动态增强扫描。X线钼靶采用常规方法摄片。结果MRI 53例诊断正确,与病理结果相符,MRI诊断的准确率为88.3％,X线钼靶38例诊断正确,与病理结果相符,X线钼靶诊断的准确率为63.3％,两者差异具有显著性意义,X2=10.23,P<0.01。结论 MRI对乳腺疾病的诊断价值明显优于X线钼靶,对乳腺疾病的临床诊断及治疗具有重要意义。     

数字钼靶X线摄影联合MRI动态增强扫描对含钙化灶乳腺良恶性病变的诊断价值

目的 :探讨数字钼靶X线摄影联合MRI动态增强扫描(DCE-MRI)对含钙化灶乳腺良恶性病变的诊断价值。方法 :回顾性分析60例含钙化灶乳腺病变患者,均行数字钼靶X线摄影及乳腺DCE-MRI检查,并与术后病理结果对照,分别计算数字钼靶X线摄影、DCE-MRI及两者联合诊断乳腺良恶性病变的敏感度、特异度及准确度。结果:本组中良性35例共40个病灶,恶性25例共28个病灶。数字钼靶X线摄影、DCE-MRI及两者联合鉴别乳腺良恶性病变的敏感度分别为71.43%、92.86%、96.43%,特异度分别为77.50%、92.50%、95.00%,准确度分别为75.00%、92.65%、95.59%。结论:数字钼靶X线摄影联合DCE-MRI对含钙化灶乳腺良恶性病变的鉴别诊断具有一定价值。     

钼靶X线、超声及MRI在乳腺癌早期诊断中的应用

目的:通过分析钼靶X线、超声及MRI对乳腺癌早期的诊断要点,探讨3种影像学检查方法在乳腺癌早期诊断中的意义。方法:收集经手术病理证实的31例乳腺癌患者资料,以病理结果为诊断标准,对比分析钼靶X线、超声及MRI对早期乳腺癌诊断准确性的差异。结果:31例乳腺癌中钼靶X线诊断符合率为83.87%(26/31),超声为87.10%(27/31),两者联合诊断为93.55%(29/31)。行MRl检查的17例中,诊断符合率为94.12(16/17),而三者联合应用的诊断符合率达96.77%(30/31)。经统计学分析,超声与钼靶X线的诊断准确率差异无统计学意义,二者联合检查与单独应用超声或钼靶X线摄影相比差异有统计学意义。结论:早期乳腺癌在钼靶X线、超声及MRI检查中均可出现不典型表现,钼靶X线、超声及MRI是目前乳腺检查的主要手段,但各有不足,合理、联合应用,能明显提高乳腺癌的早期诊断准确率。     

乳腺病高频钼靶X线与病理诊断对比研究

目的　评价高频钼靶X线摄像对乳腺病定性诊断价值 ,提高乳腺病的术前诊断水平。方法　对 13 9例乳腺病人实施高频钼靶X线摄像 ,并与术后病理结果对照。结果　X线诊断的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为 91.43 %、95.65%和 93 .53 % ,阳性似然比为 2 1.0 3 ,阴性似然比为 0 .0 9。阳性预测值为 95.52 % ,阴性预测值为 91.67%。假阳性率和假阴性率分别为 4.3 %和 8.6%。结论　高频钼靶乳腺照相可以显示绝大多数乳腺恶性病变特征 ,有很高的定性诊断价值 ,值得临床推广应用。     

乳腺钼靶与MRI检查对炎性乳腺癌的诊断价值

目的:探讨钼靶X线摄影、MRI检查对炎性乳腺癌的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析16例经手术病理证实的炎性乳腺癌的钼靶X线摄影及MRI检查资料,分析其影像学特征。结果:16例中钼靶X线摄影表现为局限性肿块4例,广泛浸润12例,皮肤增厚16例,腋下淋巴结肿大3例。MRI表现:T1WI平扫示皮肤增厚,T2WI示受累乳腺信号强度呈弥漫性升高,增强扫描后明显强化。结论:炎性乳腺癌的钼靶X线摄影、MRI表现具有一定的特征性,有助于提高炎性乳腺癌的诊断正确率。     

钼靶X线摄影与1.5T MRI对乳腺良恶性肿块的诊断价值

目的 探讨钼靶X线摄影与MRI对乳腺良恶性肿块的诊断价值.方法 收集临床资料完整,经手术病理结果证实并于术前1～2周进行过临床触诊、钼靶X线摄影乳腺肿块138例,对48例X线表现不典型病例行MRI平扫及动态增强检查,并与手术病理结果做对照分析. 结果本组中恶性病变71例,良性病变67例.钼靶X线摄影的敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为81.69%、76.12%及78.99%.MRI结合平扫、DCE-MRI早期强化率及时间-密度曲线诊断,MRI检查的敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为87.50%、83.33%及85.42%. 48例患者MRI与钼靶X线摄影对病变的符合情况准确性比较具有统计学意义(χ2=4.063,P0.05).结论 钼靶X线摄影与1.5T MRI二者结合可明显提高乳腺良恶性肿块的诊断准确率.     

硬化性乳腺病的X线诊断及病理改变

目的 提高对硬化性乳腺病的钼靶X线征象的认识.方法 收集15例共17处经手术病理证实的硬化性乳腺病的临床钼靶X线表现及病理改变资料并与乳腺癌进行对照分析,重点研究2种病变在临床及X线表现上的差异.结果 17个病灶中,X线表现为不对称性弥漫性密度增高5个(5/17,29.4%),密度增高结节影10个(10/17,58.8%),合并钙化3个,局部结构紊乱呈星状收缩2个(2/17,11.8%).结论 硬化性乳腺病在X线上易与乳癌混淆,其诊断需结合临床病史及查体,以期减少误诊.     

数字钼靶X线摄影与彩色多普勒超声对乳腺肿块的诊断价值

目的：评价数字钼靶X线摄影、彩色多普勒超声成像及二者联合应用在乳腺肿块性病变中的定性诊断价值。方法：73例乳腺肿块性病变,其中良性24例,恶性49例。所有病例均行数字钼靶X线摄影和彩色多普勒超声检查,两者单独及联合诊断并与病理结果对照。结果：数字钼靶X线摄影诊断乳腺癌的敏感度、特异度及准确度分别为89．80％、75．00％及84．93％,彩色多普勒超声为85．71％、83．33％及84．93％,二者联合检查为95．92％、91．67％及94．52％。彩色多普勒超声在诊断Ⅰ型及Ⅳ型乳腺病变上较钼靶具有明显的优势（P〈0．05）,钼靶在诊断Ⅱ、Ⅲ型的乳腺病变时准确度（62．50％）高于彩色多普勒超声（45．00％）,但两者差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：联合应用乳腺数字钼靶X线摄影检查和彩色多普勒超声成像可提高乳腺肿块性病变的定性诊断符合率。     

MRI of the breast: state of the art

Contrast-enhanced MRI of the breast is probably the most sensitive method to detect breast pathology. It is best used to improve the sensitivity of mammography and sonography in selected patient groups with high breast cancer prevalence, where conventional methods are known to be less sensitive. Despite the high sensitivity of MRI, 5–12 % of invasive carcinomas are not recognized during MRI, because of lack of the typical criteria of carcinoma. MRI is probably inferior to mammography in detecting ductal in-situ carcinoma or very small carcinomas (< 3 mm), because the neo-angiogenesis induced by these small carcinomas is too faint to be detected by contrast-enhanced MRI. These tumours cannot be excluded by a normal MRI examination. MRI is non-specific as the distinction of benign and malignant breast lesions is unreliable. Only in selected cases (fat- or blood-containing lesions) may it improve the specificity of mammography and sonography. Mostly image-guided core biopsy is by far the most specific and least expensive method to establish a definitive diagnosis. For lesions exclusively detected by contrast-enhanced MRI, simple and reliable localisation devices are urgently needed. Presently accepted indications for MRI of the breast are: patients with silicone implants after mastectomy or augmentation mammoplasty (detection of recurrence/prothesis rupture/silicon leakage); patients whose breasts are difficult to evaluate by combined mammography and sonography, who have had breast conservation therapy (local recurrence), or who have proven carcinoma in one breast (multifocality/-centricity or contralateral breast carcinoma) or proven axillary lymph node metastases from an unknown primary tumor, especially when these are hormone receptor positive; patients with extensive postoperative scarring. In the future, genetically defined high breast cancer risk may become an indication. Received 7 October 1997; Revision received 14 November 1997; Accepted 17 November 1997     

Imaging findings of breast augmentation with injected hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel: Patient reports and literature review

Hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel (PAAG) is a nonresorbable soft tissue filler that has been used as implant material for breast augmentation in some countries, particularly from the Asian continent. Many complications associated with hydrogel use have been reported in the clinical literature including inflammation, persistent mastodynia, formation of multiple lumps, poor cosmetic results, glandular atrophy, and significant spread of hydrogel into the surrounding tissue. Data on long-term toxicity is currently unavailable.The radiologic features of PAAG injection mammoplasty frequently constitute a diagnostic challenge for radiologists. Indeed, the imaging appearances of uncomplicated PAAG implants may mimic conventional implants on mammography, sonography and MRI, with some distinguishing features. The location and local spread of the injected PAAG, and the eventual detection of local inflammation, are best evaluated by ultrasonography and especially MRI, considered the most sensitive technique for assessment of PAAG mammoplasty. MRI clearly depicts the volume and the distribution of gel within the breast; contrast medium enhancement allows delineation of areas of inflammation and infection. It is important to be familiar with the spectrum of imaging findings in order to make an accurate diagnosis and offer proper management.This paper aims to review the normal and abnormal mammographic, sonographic, and MR imaging characteristics of PAAG augmentation mammoplasty through presented patient reviews of three women having undergone direct PAAG injection.     

3.0T磁共振在乳腺检查中的初步应用

目的:探讨3.0T磁共振利用体部相控阵线圈进行乳腺检查的临床应用价值.方法:36例乳腺疾病患者中隆乳术后26例,乳腺癌6例,乳腺良性病变4例,均行常规MR T1WI、T2WI和压脂序列T2WI,17例行动态增强扫描,13例行扩散加权成像,并与术后病理结果进行对照分析.结果:36例乳腺疾病患者均能显示显示乳腺结构及邻近组织情况,图像清晰无变形.22例聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶注射隆乳术后患者,注入物于T1WI呈稍低信号、T2WI呈高信号,在脂肪抑制T2WI上显示最清晰,呈均匀高信号;4例角鲨烯注射液隆胸术后,注入物在T1WI和T2WI上呈小颗粒状脂肪信号影.6例乳腺癌于DWI上呈明显高信号,动态增强曲线呈早期信号快速上升,中晚期信号强度逐渐降低表现;4例发现腋窝淋巴结转移.4例乳腺良性病变,动态增强曲线呈逐渐上升改变.结论:3.0T磁共振结合体部相控阵线圈可显示隆胸材料的性质和分布,常规MRI扫描结合DWI和动态增强扫描对乳腺良恶性病变的鉴别诊断有重要临床价值.     

Breast cancer: mammographic and sonographic findings after augmentation mammoplasty

The authors retrospectively reviewed 11 cases of breast cancer in patients who had undergone augmentation mammoplasty. The mammogram or sonogram was abnormal in 10 patients, including six with an abnormal mammographic density or ultrasound study and four with calcifications. One patient had dense breasts and no suspicious findings at mammography. In four patients without palpable findings in the breast, the malignancy was initially detected by means of mammography. In five of six patients with a palpable breast mass, special mammographic views and sonography were helpful in evaluating the mass. Lymph nodes were not involved in six (60%) of the 10 patients with ductal carcinomas. The detection of breast cancer in the augmented breast by means of mammography is possible, even in patients without palpable findings. Modified-position views and sonography may be helpful in evaluating palpable masses. Patients with implants who develop cancer do not necessarily present at a more advanced stage.     

乳腺疾病的动态增强MRI研究

目的　评价动态增强MRI对乳腺良、恶性病变的诊断价值。方法　对 63例临床疑为乳腺疾病的患者进行前瞻性常规MRI平扫和动态增强MRI扫描。分析比较良、恶性病变的形态学及强化特征 ,根据MRI表现鉴别良、恶性疾病 ,并与X线及病理结果比较。结果　 63例患者共计 78个病灶 ,恶性 33个 ,良性 45个。动态增强MRI根据病变的形态学和强化特征诊断乳腺良、恶性病变的准确率为 92 %。结论　动态增强MRI能清晰显示乳腺病变并作出定性诊断 ,因而是评价乳腺疾病的一种有效的影像学方法。     

乳腺癌的MRI诊断

目的　探讨乳腺癌的MRI表现及诊断价值。方法　回顾性分析12例经手术与病理证实的乳腺癌MRI表现,并与其X线表现进行比较。结果　12例乳腺MRI共发现21个病变,X线检查发现17个病变。MRI增强扫描显示致密乳腺组织中的病变优于X线检查,能清楚地显示深部乳腺癌对胸大肌的浸润和胸骨旁淋巴结的转移,X线检查对此却难于估价。“边缘强化征”对乳腺癌的诊断有一定价值。结论　MRI增强扫描的敏感性和准确性优于X线检查,它有助于乳腺癌的早期发现、乳腺癌病人的肿瘤分期和治疗方案的制定。     

超声、钼靶X线联合MRI在乳腺癌术前评价中的应用

目的 探讨超声、钼靶X线联合MRI在乳腺癌术前评价中的作用.资料与方法 经超声、钼靶X线和MRI检查后拟诊为乳腺癌的58例患者,均经手术或穿刺病理证实,比较三种检查方法对癌灶检出率、癌灶大小符合率、淋巴结转移情况及手术方式的影响.结果 钼靶X线对癌灶的检出率及对浸润性导管癌(IDC)和浸润性小叶癌(LDC)的检出率最低(P＜0.05);超声、钼靶X线和MRI联合对癌灶的检出率和对导管内原位癌(DCIS)的检出率均高于超声(P＜ 0.05),对转移淋巴结的检出率高于钼靶X线、MRI(P＜0.05);癌灶影像学测值与病理测值的符合度:MRI最高,超声次之,钼靶X线最低(P=0.000).对手术方案的影响:拟行保乳术25例,最终实施16例,超声、钼靶X线、MRI和术中病理分别使2例(2/25,8.0％)、1例(1/25,4.0％)、5例(5/25,20.0％)、1例( 1/25,4.0％)改行根治术.结论 超声、钼靶X线联合MRI可进一步确诊乳腺癌,并对手术方案的确立提供更详细准确的依据.     

点压X线放大摄影技术在乳腺微小病变中的应用

目的:探讨点压X线放大摄影技术在乳腺微小病变中的应用价值。方法:通过对68例钼靶X线行常规CC位和MLO位,并辅以点压X线放大摄影技术对临床可扪及肿块但影像结构紊乱以及单纯钙化不能扪及肿块的乳腺进行良恶性鉴别。结果:68例患者行常规CC位及MLO位摄片,有11例能明确影像学诊断,病灶检出率为16.2%,其中良性诊断4例,恶性诊断7例;经点压X线放大摄影后,68例患者中有59例能明确影像学诊断,病灶检出率为86.8%,其中良性诊断32例,恶性诊断27例,卡方检验结果证明,点压X线放大摄影检出率显著高于常规摄片检出率(P<0.01)。结论:在乳腺X线摄影中应用点压X线放大摄影,可对常规CC位和MLO位未能清楚显示的微小钙化和细微伴随征象进行观察,能够提高微小病变的检出率,利于良恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断,减少乳腺癌的漏诊,增加诊断的准确性,具有重要临床指导意义。     

乳腺MRI在X线检查乳腺阴性腋淋巴结转移癌阳性患者中的应用价值

目的 探讨乳腺MR检查对临床乳腺触诊和X线检查均为阴性的腋淋巴结转移癌患者寻找其乳腺内原发病灶的应用价值.方法 分析33例以腋淋巴结转移癌为首诊表现(临床乳腺触诊和X线检查均为阴性)患者的乳腺MR影像资料,依据美国放射学会的乳腺影像报告和数据系统MRI标准对所有病变进行分析,并将MRI诊断结果与病理进行对照.结果 33例腋淋巴结转移癌患者中,30例临床行乳腺根治术,其中17例经病理证实为乳腺癌,乳腺MRI检出其中的16例,包括10例肿块性病变和6例非肿块性病变,肿块性病变直径0.5～2.6 cm(平均1.5 cm),直径≤1.5 cm者6例;非肿块性病变包括4例导管性强化和2例段性强化;另1例病理切片发现乳腺癌但乳腺MRI为阴性.其余13例行乳腺根治术患者病理检查未发现乳腺癌灶,其中9例乳腺MRI亦呈阴性表现,另4例MRI提示可疑癌灶.余3例临床未行手术治疗的患者,乳腺MRI亦为阴性.以病理诊断为金标准,MR检出乳腺原发癌灶的敏感度、特异度和准确度分别为94.1%、69.2%和83.3%.结论 相对于一般乳腺癌而言,隐匿性乳腺癌MRI表现更以小灶性的肿块性病变和导管或段性强化的非肿块性病变为常见表现类型.乳腺MR检查对隐匿性乳腺癌的检出具有较高的敏感度和准确度,应作为这类患者的常规检查手段.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the role of breast MRI in detecting the primary malignancy in patients presenting solely with axillary lymph node metastases. Methods Thirty-three patients with axillary lynph node metastases but negative findings on either physical examination or mammography underwent breast MRI to identify occult breast carcinoma. MRI of the breast was assessed according to BI-RADS criteria. The pathologic diagnosis was made according to the standard criteria by the WHO Classification of Tumor. Results Among 33 patients presenting solely with axillary metastases, 30 patients underwent modified radical mastectomy. Primary breast carcinoma was proven in 17 patients. MRI detected lesions in 16 patients, including 10 masses and 6 non-mass lesions. Size of the masses ranged from 0. 5 to 2. 6 cm (mean 1.5 cm). Six lesions were smaller than 1.5 cm in size. Non-mass lesions showed ductal enhancement in 4 cases and segmental enhancement in 2 cases. One patient with tumor detected by histopathology showed no abnormal enhancement on MRI. No tumor was found at mastectomy in the other 13 womeu, and negative MR findings were revealed in 9. Four cases with suspicious enhancement on MRI had no corresponding primary foci on pathology. Three patients didn't undergo surgical procedure. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MRI in the diagnosis of the primary malignancy were 94. 1%,69. 2%, and 83.3%, respectively. Conclusions Small size of mass and ductal or segmental enhancement of non-mass lesion were common MR features of occult malignancy. MRI showed high sensitivity and accuracy in diagnosing occult breast carcinoma. Breast MRI should be taken in search of occult malignancy in patients with axillary metastases.     

乳腺MRI在X线检查乳腺阴性腋淋巴结转移癌阳性患者中的应用价值

目的 探讨乳腺MR检查对临床乳腺触诊和X线检查均为阴性的腋淋巴结转移癌患者寻找其乳腺内原发病灶的应用价值.方法 分析33例以腋淋巴结转移癌为首诊表现(临床乳腺触诊和X线检查均为阴性)患者的乳腺MR影像资料,依据美国放射学会的乳腺影像报告和数据系统MRI标准对所有病变进行分析,并将MRI诊断结果与病理进行对照.结果 33例腋淋巴结转移癌患者中,30例临床行乳腺根治术,其中17例经病理证实为乳腺癌,乳腺MRI检出其中的16例,包括10例肿块性病变和6例非肿块性病变,肿块性病变直径0.5～2.6 cm(平均1.5 cm),直径≤1.5 cm者6例;非肿块性病变包括4例导管性强化和2例段性强化;另1例病理切片发现乳腺癌但乳腺MRI为阴性.其余13例行乳腺根治术患者病理检查未发现乳腺癌灶,其中9例乳腺MRI亦呈阴性表现,另4例MRI提示可疑癌灶.余3例临床未行手术治疗的患者,乳腺MRI亦为阴性.以病理诊断为金标准,MR检出乳腺原发癌灶的敏感度、特异度和准确度分别为94.1%、69.2%和83.3%.结论 相对于一般乳腺癌而言,隐匿性乳腺癌MRI表现更以小灶性的肿块性病变和导管或段性强化的非肿块性病变为常见表现类型.乳腺MR检查对隐匿性乳腺癌的检出具有较高的敏感度和准确度,应作为这类患者的常规检查手段.