腹腔镜与药物保守治疗输卵管妊娠的比较

目的比较腹腔镜与药物保守治疗输卵管妊娠的临床效果. 方法 61例符合异位妊娠保守治疗指征,依病情、患者意愿及经济能力分为腹腔镜组(n=28)和药物组(n=33),分别采用药物(米非司酮、甲氨蝶呤)治疗和腹腔镜保守性手术,比较2组患者保留输卵管率、住院日、住院费用、血β-HCG下降至正常的时间. 结果保留输卵管成功率,腹腔镜组(27/28)与药物组(26/33)无统计学差异(χ2=2.734,P=0.098).腹腔镜组和药物组住院时间分别为(9.1±6.1)d和(18.3±4.6)d(t=-6.780,P=0.000);住院费用(4 017.3±1 013.7)元和(2 039.5±790.0)元(t=8.559,P=0.000).血清β-HCG下降至正常时间腹腔镜组明显短于药物组(χ2=23.054, P=0.000). 结论腹腔镜保守性手术清除输卵管腔内妊娠物和(或)局部注射MTX,避免腹腔内出血和持续异位妊娠,同时保留患侧输卵管;药物治疗经济实关键在于正确掌握保守治疗指征和必要的手术时机.2种保守治疗方法各有不可替代的临床应用价值.     

输卵管积水患者经宫腔镜输卵管栓堵术与经腹腔镜输卵管结扎术后冻胚移植妊娠结局的比较研究

目的:比较经宫腔镜输卵管栓堵术与经腹腔镜输卵管结扎术在不孕症患者冻胚移植(FET)助孕中的优势,以期为输卵管积水处理的临床选择提供数据支撑。方法:回顾分析2016~2019年因输卵管积水行常规FET治疗的不孕症患者的临床资料,按FET前患者的输卵管积水处理方式分为栓堵组(A组,n=37)与结扎组(B组,n=111)。从手术持续时间、住院费用、手术风险、术后第1次FET妊娠结局等方面,对比两种手术的优势。结果:A组手术时间[(46.5±21.1)min vs.(59.7±21.7)min,t=3.274,P<0.05]短于B组,A组术后移植间隔时间[(6.5±8.2)个月vs.(3.0±2.6)个月,t=2.599,P<0.05]长于B组;A组着床率(51.3%vs.75.4%,P<0.05)、临床妊娠率(48.6%vs.77.5%,P<0.05)、活产率(37.8%vs.69.4%,P<0.05)均低于B组。两组患者在住院总费用、早期流产率、晚期流产率方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:在提高妊娠率方面,腹腔镜输卵管结扎术优于经宫腔镜输卵管栓堵术,但后者仍可作为复杂盆腔环境患者的腹腔镜手术优选替代方案,具有较好的临床推广价值。     

腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔的临床研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔的临床效果。方法:收集2014年1月至2015年12月行腹腔镜或开腹手术治疗的163例胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔患者的临床资料,其中腹腔镜组63例,开腹组100例。收集并分析两组患者基本情况、手术资料、术后恢复等情况。结果:与开腹组相比,腹腔镜组手术时间[(80.7±23.9)min vs.(63.3±20.5)min]更长,手术费用[(2 225.7±252.4)元vs.(1 701.8±397.4)元]、麻醉费用[(1 443.8±342.9)元vs.(1 084.2±425.6)元]更高,但术中出血少[(8.0±7.5)ml vs.(11.5±9.7)ml],总住院时间[(8.3±3.5)d vs.(13.9±7.9)d]、留置胃管时间[(4.3±1.7)d vs.(5.2±1.5)d]、禁食时间[(4.9±1.2)d vs.(6.5±2.0)d]、留置引流管时间[(6.5±1.6)d vs.(9.0±3.6)d]更短(P0.05),术后并发症发生率(6.3%vs.25.0%)、尿管留置率(61.9%vs.89.0%)低。两组总住院费用[(17 419.0±10 364.7)元vs.(20 412.4±17 450.4)元]差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜手术安全、有效,是治疗胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔的重要手段。     

交界性卵巢肿瘤保留生育功能手术的临床研究

目的回顾性分析交界性卵巢肿瘤保留生育功能手术,比较腹腔镜手术与开腹手术对卵巢生育功能及疾病预后的影响。方法收集襄阳市中心医院2008年1月1日至2013年12月31日予保留生育功能手术治疗的交界性卵巢肿瘤患者52例,分为开腹组27例、腹腔镜组25例。比较两组患者手术前后月经及生育情况、术后复发情况。结果术后总妊娠率56.5%,腹腔镜组高于开腹组(70.8%vs.40.9%,P0.05);总体复发率9.6%,两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。但是与开腹手术组相比,腹腔镜组术中出血量少[(342.0±60.9)vs.(422.0±69.8)ml,P0.05)]、手术时间短[(222.0±11.9)vs.(245.9±12.8)min,P0.05]、术后胃肠道功能恢复快[(26.3±7.5)vs.(41.6±6.4)h,P0.05]、合并感染少(8.0%vs.29.6%,P0.05)、住院时间短[(7.2±0.5)vs.(7.9±1.0)d,P0.05]。结论在交界性卵巢肿瘤保留生育功能手术中,腹腔镜手术与传统开腹手术相比具有同样的有效性和安全性,但腹腔镜手术术中出血量及术后并发症少、住院时间短、术后患者恢复快,更重要的是能更好的保留交界性卵巢肿瘤患者的生育力。     

腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗妊娠合并卵巢囊肿的比较

目的探讨腹腔镜手术治疗妊娠合并卵巢囊肿的安全性及疗效。方法 2010年1月~2015年1月收治27例妊娠合并卵巢囊肿,行腹腔镜手术15例(腹腔镜组),开腹手术12例(开腹组),回顾性分析患者手术及妊娠结局。结果27例手术均顺利完成,腹腔镜组无中转开腹。与开腹组相比,腹腔镜组手术时间短[(49.2±8.4)min vs.(71.4±12.3)min,t=-5.551,P=0.000],术中出血少[(14.9±11.3)ml vs.(44.2±22.7)ml,t=-4.378,P=0.000],术后下床活动早[(19.3±5.0)h vs.(34.2±11.1)h,t=-4.670,P=0.000],术后排气早[(13.1±5.6)h vs.(21.7±5.4)h,t=-4.007,P=0.000],住院时间短[(6.7±1.3)d vs.(9.2±1.5)d,t=-4.519,P=0.000]。腹腔镜组13例成功分娩足月健康婴儿,新生儿无窒息、畸形,2例继续妊娠。开腹组1例完全流产,10例成功分娩足月健康婴儿,新生儿无窒息、畸形,1例继续妊娠。2组流产率差异无显著性[0%(0/15)vs.8.3%(1/12),Fisher检验,P=0.444]。结论腹腔镜手术治疗妊娠合并卵巢良性囊肿,创伤小,术后恢复快,安全可行。     

直肠癌患者的腹腔镜手术效果研究

目的:对比腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗直肠癌的手术疗效,探讨腹腔镜手术治疗直肠癌的安全性与预后。方法:选择84例直肠癌患者,其中42例行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术(观察组),42例行开腹直肠癌根治术(对照组),对比分析两组患者的手术疗效。结果:观察组与对照组的全直肠系膜切除术完成率(88.1%vs.92.9%)、保肛率(81.0%vs.76.2%)、淋巴结清扫数量[(13.2±7.6)vs.(13.6±7.8)]、肿瘤近切缘距离[(10.2±5.8)cm vs.(10.1±5.4)cm]与远切缘距离[(3.5±1.2)cm vs.(3.6±1.3)cm]差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组手术时间长于对照组[(154.6±76.3)min vs.(122.1±57.5)min,P0.05],但术中出血量少于对照组[(98.3±47.6)ml vs.(174.4±82.2)ml,P0.05]。观察组患者术后住院时间[(9.2±2.3)d vs.(11.4±4.6)d]、术后排气时间[(2.6±1.1)d vs.(3.5±1.7)d]、术后进半流质饮食时间[(3.6±1.1)d vs.(4.3±1.4)d]、并发症发生率(11.9%vs.31.0%)均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者均无围手术期死亡病例。术后随访,两组患者局部复发率(2.4%vs.4.8%)及1年(83.3%vs.81.0%)、3年(78.6%vs.73.8%)生存率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术治疗直肠癌可取得与开腹手术相同的疗效,且具有术中出血少、并发症发生率低、术后康复快的优点。     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆总管结石合并胆囊良性疾病

目的:探讨腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆总管结石并胆囊良性疾病的临床疗效及并发症的防治。方法:回顾分析为24例胆总管结石并胆囊良性疾病患者行腹腔镜胆总管探查术(laparoscopic common bile duct exploration,LCBDE)+腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)(腔镜组)、为30例患者行传统开腹胆总管探查(open common bile duct exploration,OCBDE)+胆囊切除(open cholecystectomy,OC)(开腹组)的临床资料,对比分析两组手术时间、术后疼痛评分、术后下床活动时间、术后住院时间、T管拔除时间、手术成功率、术后并发症发生率及住院费用等指标。结果:腔镜组与开腹组手术时间[(119.17±27.84)min vs.(97.83±24.41)min]、术后疼痛评分[(4.50±0.72)分vs.(8.23±0.86)分]、术后下床活动时间[(12.17±4.43)h vs.(31.2±12.32)h]、术后住院时间[(10.33±3.29)d vs.(14.37±3.09)d]、拔T管时间[(44.33±12.02)d vs.(33.50±9.61)d],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。腔镜组与开腹组住院费用[(21 934±3 756)元vs.(24 148±7 112)元]差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组手术成功率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.635,P>0.05),术后并发症发生率差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.055,P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆总管结石合并胆囊良性疾病不仅安全有效,而且患者术后疼痛轻、康复快,正确的认识与处理并发症对预后至关重要。     

剖宫产瘢痕妊娠两种手术治疗方式安全性及有效性的比较

目的比较开腹剖宫产瘢痕妊娠病灶切除联合子宫下段修补术和双侧子宫动脉栓塞联合清宫术两种治疗方式在剖宫产瘢痕妊娠治疗中的安全性和有效性。方法选择2009~2014年就诊于北京协和医院并接受手术治疗的剖宫产瘢痕妊娠患者245例,将符合本研究纳入标准的100例患者随机分为开腹剖宫产瘢痕妊娠病灶切除联合子宫下段修补术组(开腹组)和双侧子宫动脉栓塞联合清宫术组(栓塞后清宫组)。收集患者的基本信息、围术期资料及门诊随诊资料,并进行统计学分析。结果两种治疗方法的成功率比较无显著性差异(98.0%vs.96.0%,P0.05)。开腹组患者术中出血量显著多于栓塞后清宫组[(95.0±48.4)ml vs.(23.0±17.6)ml](P=0.000)。开腹组患者术后血清β-HCG降至正常所需时间显著短于栓塞后清宫组[(30.7±10.7)d vs.(34.7±9.6)d](P0.05)。术后子宫下段前壁剖宫产瘢痕处异常回声消失的时间两组比较无显著性差异[(35.7±10.8)d vs.(24.4±13.6)d](P0.05)。开腹组手术时间显著长于栓塞后清宫组[(77.0±15.0)min vs.(30.0±16.0)min](P=0.00)。开腹组患者的住院治疗费用显著低于栓塞后清宫组[(7 919.6±3 680.6)元vs.(15 285.6±2 962.9)元](P=0.00)。电话随访两组患者术后月经复潮的时间,开腹组显著短于栓塞后清宫组[(37.4±8.9)d vs.(40.9±7.2)d](P0.05)。结论开腹剖宫产瘢痕妊娠病灶切除联合子宫下段修补术和双侧子宫动脉栓塞联合清宫术各有优点,均为安全、有效的剖宫产瘢痕妊娠治疗方案。     

腹腔镜与开腹左半肝切除术治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤的疗效对比

目的:探讨腹腔镜左半肝切除术治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤的安全性、可行性及其相较开腹手术的临床优势。方法:回顾分析2015年1月至2017年12月行左半肝切除术的147例恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料,其中腹腔镜左半肝切除术42例(腔镜组),开腹左半肝切除术105例(开腹组)。对比分析两组术中、围手术期及术后随访资料。结果:两组患者性别、年龄、肿瘤直径、各项血生化指标、合并疾病等临床资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。腔镜组手术时间[(196.3±48.6)min vs.(225.7±69.1)min]、术中出血量[(232.6±68.3)mL vs.(302.7±108.4)mL]、术后排气时间[(3.4±0.8)d vs.(4.9±1.3)d]及术后住院时间[(6.8±2.1)d vs.(9.4±2.6)d]均低于开腹组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后第1天、第3天、第7天,腔镜组转氨酶水平、血清白蛋白水平均优于开腹组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在术后并发症方面,开腹组术后总并发症发生率为37.1%,高于腔镜组的9.5%(P=0.002);其中开腹组术后切口液化发生率高于腔镜组(P=0.030),但两组胆漏、顽固性腹水、腹腔出血及切口感染等并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。腔镜组术后1年、2年及3年生存率分别为93.6%、84.6%与66.9%,开腹组为94.5%、81.4%与68.5%,两组各时点生存率差异无统计学意义(P=0.708)。结论:腹腔镜左半肝切除术治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤是安全、可行的,腹腔镜手术的术中及术后恢复情况优于开腹手术。     

腹腔镜保守手术与药物保守治疗治疗异位妊娠利弊分析

目的对比分析腹腔镜保守手术法与药物保守治疗法各自治疗输卵管异位妊娠的利与弊,为临床患者选择最佳治疗方式提供依据。方法选取2009年2月至2013年2月至本院异位妊娠患者1480例,半随机分为腹腔镜组和药物组。腹腔镜组770例,患者给予腹腔镜保守手术患侧输卵管开窗术治疗;药物组710例,患者给予甲氨蝶呤药物治疗。腹腔镜组术中观察手术出血情况、两侧输卵管粘连情况、手术时间等,药物组观察用药时间及用药期间不良反应情况。综合对比两组患者住院时间、血β-HCG下降情况、持续异位妊娠情况、输卵管术后通畅情况,以及治疗后12~18个月的宫内妊娠率和再次异位妊娠率。结果腹腔镜组住院时间(4±2)天,手术成功率96%,25例出现术后不良反应,输卵管通畅率83.8%,再次宫外妊娠率28.3%;药物组住院时间(12±4)天,成功率85%,输卵管通畅率59.7%,再次宫外妊娠率25.9%,药物不良反应者14.4%。血β-HCG下降速度腹腔组明显快于药物组。结论腹腔镜手术治疗输卵管异位妊娠具有微创、盆腔干扰少、疼痛轻、手术成功率高、术后输卵管通畅率高等优点,但术中对输卵管有一定的损伤,影响输卵管正常功能;而药物治疗虽然具有费用少、简单、无需手术等优点,但治疗时间长、不稳定因素多,且易出现用药不良反应。因此,两种治疗方法各有利弊,应根据患者实际情况及要求选择最优的治疗方式。     

体外受精-胚胎移植受孕与自然受孕双胎妊娠临床结局比较

目的探讨体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)对双胎妊娠母胎结局的影响。方法回顾性分析2014年1~12月于我院产科分娩的双胎妊娠产妇的临床资料。按照受孕方式分为两组:IVF-ET组(89例)和自然妊娠组(56例)。比较两组的孕产妇并发症、分娩情况及新生儿结局。结果IVF-ET组孕产妇平均年龄(30.45±4.40)岁显著高于自然妊娠组的(28.63±5.12)岁,IVF-ET组孕妇妊娠期高血压疾病发生率(25.8%)、新生儿极早产(28~31+6周)发生率(10.1%)、极低出生体重(1 500g)发生率(10.1%)及转新生儿科比例(55.1%)均显著高于自然妊娠组(分别为12.5%、3.6%、3.6%和34.8%)(P均0.05)。结论 IVF-ET助孕的双胎妊娠发生不良妊娠结局的风险相对较高,建议临床上应加强IVF-ET术后双胎妊娠并发症的防治及产前、产时监护。     

Trauma in pregnancy. Predicting pregnancy outcome

A multicenter study involving three American College of Surgeons Level 1 trauma centers was undertaken to assess parameters that may predict fetal outcome. The records of 93 injured pregnant patients admitted from April 1, 1985, to March 31, 1990, were reviewed. There were three maternal deaths (3%) (mean Injury Severity Score, 43). Fourteen fetal/neonatal deaths (15%) occurred during the acute care admission period. Of these, eight were fetal deaths (two associated with maternal death), four were cases of elective abortions, and two were neonatal deaths. In general, the maternal physiologic and laboratory parameters assessed failed to accurately predict pregnancy outcome, while Injury Severity Score did differ significantly between patients whose pregnancies were viable (Injury Severity Score = 6.2) and those whose pregnancies were nonviable (Injury Severity Score = 21.6). Unique to this study were the findings that the Glasgow Coma Score also differed significantly in patients with viable (Glasgow Coma Score, 14.5) and nonviable (Glasgow Coma Score, 12.0) pregnancies, while fetal heart rate at admission to the emergency department did not. In this study, the incidence of fetal death was increased following direct uteroplacental fetal injury (100% of cases), maternal shock (67%), pelvic fracture (57%), severe head injury (56%), and hypoxia (33%). The adequacy of noninvasive maternal monitoring in assessing fetal well-being is challenged, and a discussion of diagnostic modalities for assessment for the injured gravida is set forth.     

Physiology of pregnancy

During pregnancy, maternal physiology undergoes continual adaptation. These often interlinked changes occur in all body systems and are affected by the hormonal influences of the placenta and the mechanical adaptations required to accommodate the developing fetus. These important physiological changes can potentially lead to decompensation in parturients with pre-existing comorbidities. They may also unmask asymptomatic pre-pregnancy disease. A sound knowledge of the expected maternal changes is essential to enable accurate interpretation of physiological and laboratory parameters. This allows for the implementation of robust care planning with the aim of reducing potential complications.     

Luteoma of pregnancy

Seven patients are presented, 6 with luteomas of pregnancy and 1 with hyperreactio luteinalis. The mean age as 31,7 years and 4 patients had bilateral tumours. Only 1 of these patients was treated with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, while 1 patient with a unilateral tumour had only a wedge biopsy. In all instances the remaining 'tumour' regressed, supporting the thesis that luteomas represent an unusual response of ovarian stromal cells to the altered hormonal levels of pregnancy. About 30% of patients with luteomas of pregnancy will be virilized, and about 50% of female infants from these patients will be masculinized. About 112 patients with luteomas of pregnancy have been reported in the literature. the differential diagnosis includes theca lutein cysts, the oedematous ovary syndrome and luteinized forms of ovarian stromal tumours.     

Anaemia of pregnancy

This paper reports the findings of a cross-sectional study of anaemia in Indian and black women attending an antenatal clinic. Anaemia as defined by current World Health Organization criteria was detected in 13,2% of Indian women in the first trimester of pregnancy, in 28,1% in the second trimester and in 47,0% in the third trimester. Iron deficiency, diagnosed on the basis of low serum ferritin levels (less than 12 ng/ml), was common, the prevalence being 35% in the first trimester and rising to 86% in the third; this demonstrates the effects of the progressively increasing stress on iron metabolism as pregnancy advances. Reduced folate levels (less than 3 ng/ml) were detected in 8,8% of subjects in the first trimester and in 47% in the third. It may therefore be concluded that anaemia was common in this group and that its prevalence increased progressively as pregnancy advanced. Iron deficiency was by far the commonest type of deficiency observed. While folate levels were low in a fair proportion of subjects, evidence of coexistent iron deficiency was found in all of them. It is therefore not clear whether or not a primary nutritional deficiency of folic acid contributed towards the production of anaemia. A similar study was done among pregnant black women. Anaemia was detected in 18,8%, 26,0% and 28,6% of subjects in the three trimesters. Iron deficiency, diagnosed on the basis of low serum ferritin levels, was observed in 19% and 40% of women in the first and third trimesters respectively. Reduced folate levels were found in 8,7% of subjects in the first trimester and in 10% in the third.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Toxemias of pregnancy

No conclusions can be drawn from this paper. It constitutes a highly personal picture of the problems involved in “The Toxemias of Pregnancy.” Some progress has been made in the subject in the twenty odd years that I have viewed it—much more in the last ten years than in all the time before—but it is still in a far from satisfactory state as proved by the persistence of its maternal and infant mortality rate. Further careful study is needed. Practically this should take the form first of an effort to approach it from a common point of view and with a common terminology, and second, group study should invariably be conducted by the closely knit cooperation and effort of obstetrician, internists especially interested in the cardiorenal aspects of the problem, and the pathologic, metabolic and endocrinologic laboratories.