1-苯胺基-5H-哒嗪并[4,5-b]吲哚类化合物的合成及体外抗肿瘤活性

目的设计并合成1-苯胺基-5H-哒嗪并[4,5-b]吲哚类化合物,评价其体外抗肿瘤活性。方法以5-乙酰氧基-6-溴-2-溴甲基-1-环丙基-1H-吲哚-3-羧酸乙酯为起始原料,经8～9步反应合成目标化合物;采用MTT法,测定了目标化合物对肿瘤细胞株Bel-7402和HT-1080的抑制活性。结果与结论合成了12个新化合物,其结构经1H-NMR和MS确证;多个化合物显示出良好的抗肿瘤活性,化合物10a和10d活性突出,对肿瘤细胞株Bel-7402和HT-1080的抑制活性分别是阳性对照药gefitinib的4倍和5倍,值得进一步研究。     

Synthesis of new 2-substituted-[1,3,4]-oxadiazino-[6,5-b]-indoles with H1-antihistaminic,antimuscarinic and antimicrobial activity [corrected

New 2-substituted-[1,3,4]-oxadiazino-[5,6-b]-indoles have been prepared and tested for their antibacterial, antifungal, H1-antihistaminic and antimuscarinic activities. Among them, compounds 5b, 5d, 5k exhibited higher H1-antihistaminic activity than pheniramine maleate. Compounds 5c, 5d showed higher antibacterial activity than ampicillin against Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli, respectively.     

Potent 1,3-disubstituted-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indoles as new lead compounds in antifilarial chemotherapy

Substituted 9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indoles (beta-carbolines), identified in our laboratory as potential pharmacophores for designing macrofilaricidal agents, have been explored further for identifying the pharmacophore responsible for the high order of adulticidal activity. This has led to syntheses and macrofilaricidal evaluations of a number of 1-aryl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxylate derivatives (3-7). The macrofilaricidal activity was initially evaluated in vivo against Acanthoeilonema viteae. Among all the synthesized compounds, only 12 compounds, namely 3a, 3c, 3d, 3f, 4c, 4d, 4f, 5a, 6f, 6h, 6i, and 7h, have exhibited either >90% micro- or macrofilaricidal activity or sterlization of female worms. These compounds have also been screened against Litomosoides carinii, and of these only 3f and 5a have also been found to be active. Finally these two compounds have been evaluated against Brugia malayi. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) associated with position 1 and 3 substituents in beta-carbolines has been discussed. It has been observed that the presence of a carbomethoxy at position 3 and an aryl substituent at position 1 in beta-carbolines effectively enhances antifilarial activity particularly against A. viteae. Among the various compounds screened, methyl 1-(4-methylphenyl)-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxylate (4c) has shown the highest adulticidal activity and methyl 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9H-pyrido[3, 4-b]indole-3-carboxylate (3a) has shown the highest microfilaricidal action against A. viteae at 50 mg/kg x 5 days (ip). Another derivative of this compound, namely 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole (5a), exhibited the highest activity against L. carinii at 30 mg/kg x 5 days (ip) and against B. malayiat 50 mg/kg x 5 days (ip) or at 200 mg/kg x 5 days (po).     

Synthesis of potential anticancer agents: imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines and imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines

The 1,2-dihydropyrido[3,4-b]pyrazines (1) are mitotic inhibitors with significant antitumor activity in mice. Also, the active imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine 3 was shown to cause the accumulation of cells at mitosis. Routes were developed for the synthesis of congeners of 3 by cyclization of 4-(substituted amino)-5,6-diaminopyridines with ethyl orthoformate. Oxidative cyclization of either 4,5- or 5,6-diaminopyridines with aryl aldehydes produced the [4,5-c] and [4,5-b] imidazopyridine ring systems, respectively. The latter reaction with 6-(substituted amino)-4,5-diaminopyridines gave imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine ring analogues of 1. Biological studies indicated that the target compounds were less active than 1 and 3.     

Synthesis and antifungal activity of novel pyrano[2',3':4,5]thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolines, pyrido[2',3':4,5]thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolines and pyrazolo[2',3':4,5]thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolines

The starting materials thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolines (5a,b) were obtained in one pot synthesis by treating octahydroquinazoline (2) with chloroacetic acid and aromatic aldehydes. Thiazoloquinazoline (5) was reacted with CH2(CN)2/piperidine and CH2(CN)2/NaOH (CH3OH), to furnish pyrano[2',3':4,5]thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolines (6a,b) and pyrido[2',3':4,5]thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazoline (7), respectively. Refluxing of 5a with NH2CSNH2/KOH and hydrazines in ethanol furnished the corresponding, [1,3]thiazino[4'5':4,5]thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazoline (10) and pyrazolo[3',4':4,5]thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolines (11a,b), respectively. Antifungal activity was shown for some of the synthesized compounds.     

Synthesis of 6,7-dialkoxy-2-arylmethylidene-2,3- dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazol-3-ones exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity

New 6,7-dialkoxy-2-arylmethylidene-2,3- dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazol-3-ones (3a-h, 4b, c, e, g) were synthesized from 2-(5,6-dialkoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-ylsulfanyl)acetic acids (1, 2) and corresponding aromatic aldehydes in acetic anhydride. The compounds 3e, f and 4b, g were also synthesized from corresponding aromatic aldehydes and 6,7-dialkoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazol -3-ones (5, 6) obtained by the cyclization of the acids 1 and 2 in acetic anhydride. The synthesized compounds 3a-h and 4b, c, e, g exhibit anti-inflammatory activity.     

Synthesis and antiproliferative activity in vitro of new pyrido[1,4-b]diazepine derivatives and imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine

A novel series of esters 8-10 and hydrazones 4-6 was synthesized from 4-aryl-2-phenacylidene-1,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido[2,3-b][1,4]diazepine (1-3). Subsequent treatment of hydrazone 4 with p-chlorbenzaldehyde furnished azine 7. Long-standing heating of ester 8 with hydrazine hydrate afforded 3-[1-(p-chlorophenylene)-2-(5-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-ethyl]-1,3-dihydroimidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-one (11). The structures of 4-6 and 8-10 were identified by the results of elemental analysis and their IR, 1H-NMR and MS spectra. Additionally, the structure of 11 was confirmed by X-ray diffraction method. Compounds 8-10 and 11 were examined for their antiproliferative activity in vitro against the cells of 5 human cancer cell lines, using SRB or MTT technique. Among tested compounds, only 11 revealed cytotoxic activity in vitro against all cell lines applied with ID50 (inhibitory dose 50%) values lower than 4 microg/mL, which is an international activity criterion for synthetic compounds. All compounds inhibit the proliferation of HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cell line.     

Thieno[3,2-b]- and thieno[2,3-b]pyrrole bioisosteric analogues of the hallucinogen and serotonin agonist N,N-dimethyltryptamine

The synthesis and biological activity of 6-[2-(N, N-dimethylamino)ethyl]-4H-thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole (3a) and 4-[2-(N, N-dimethylamino)ethyl]-6H-thieno[2,3-b]pyrrole (3b), thienopyrroles as potential bioisosteres of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (1a), are reported. Hallucinogen-like activity was evaluated in the two-lever drug discrimination paradigm using LSD- and DOI-trained rats. Neither 3a nor 3b substituted for LSD or DOI up to doses of 50 micromol/kg. By comparison, 1a fully substituted in LSD-trained rats. However, 3a and 3b fully substituted for the 5-HT1A agonist LY293284 ((-)-(4R)-6-acetyl-4-(di-n-propylamino)-1,3,4, 5-tetrahydrobenz[c,d]indole). Both 3a and 3b induced a brief "serotonin syndrome" and salivation, an indication of 5-HT1A receptor activation. At the cloned human 5-HT2A receptor 3b had about twice the affinity of 3a. At the cloned human 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C receptors, however, 3a had about twice the affinity of 3b. Therefore, thiophene lacks equivalence as a replacement for the phenyl ring in the indole nucleus of tryptamines that bind to 5-HT2 receptor subtypes and possess LSD-like behavioral effects. Whereas both of the thienopyrroles had lower affinity than the corresponding 1a at 5-HT2 receptors, 3a and 3b had significantly greater affinity than 1a at the 5-HT1A receptor. Thus, thienopyrrole does appear to serve as a potent bioisostere for the indole nucleus in compounds that bind to the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor. These differences in biological activity suggest that serotonin receptor isoforms are very sensitive to subtle changes in the electronic character of the aromatic systems of indole compounds.     

Synthesis of some new 6-methylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-5-carbohydrazide derivatives and their antimicrobial activities

In this study, 14 new compounds having 6-methyl-N2-(alkylidene/cycloalkylidene)imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-5-carbohydrazide (3a-g), 3-[[(6-methylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-5-yl)carbonyl]amino]-4-thiazolidinone (4a-d) and 4-[[(6-methylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-5-yl)carbonyl]amino]-1-thia-4-azaspiro[4.4]nonan/[4.5]decan-3-one (4e-g) structures were synthesized. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by UV, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 1H-13C-COSY, mass spectra and elemental analysis. All compounds synthesized were tested for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 4352, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 1539, Salmonella typhi, Shigella flexneri, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 14153, Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Only 4d and 4f demonstrated antimicrobial activity against S. epidermidis ATCC 12228 (MIC: 19.5 microg/ml and 39 microg/ml, respectively).     

Synthesis and antituberculosis activity of cycloalkylidenehydrazide and 4-aza-1-thiaspiro[4.5]decan-3-one derivatives of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole

New N2-cycloalkylidene-(6-phenyl/4-chlorophenylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-3-yl) acetic acid hydrazides (2a-h and 3a-b) were synthesized by reacting (6-phenyl/4-chlorophenylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-3-yl)acetic acid hydrazides with cyclohexanones or cyclopentanone. Furthermore, 2a-h were refluxed with thioglycolic or thiolactic acid to give 4-[[(6-phenyl/4-chlorophenylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-3-yl) acetyl]amino]-4-aza-1-thiaspiro[4.5]decan-3-ones (4a-h and 5a-h). The structures of the title compounds were established by spectral data (IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and EIMS (Electron Impact Mass Spectrometry)) and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for antituberculosis activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294). The compounds exhibited varying degrees of inhibition in the in vitro primary screening that was conducted at a concentration of 6.25 micrograms/ml against M. tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294) in Bactec 12B medium using the Bactec 460 radiometric system or a broth microdilution assay, the Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA). Compounds 2f, 2h, 3b, 4a, 4c, 4d, 5a-e and 5h demonstrating at 1-east 90% inhibition in the primary screen were re-tested at lower concentrations against M. tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294) to determine the actual minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using MABA. The most active compounds were found to be 4d and 5c. The structure-activity relationships of the derivatives were investigated.     

Synthesis and antiarrhythmic activity of 5,11-dihydro[1]benzoxepino[3,4-b]pyridines

During further modification of the new antiulcer agent 5 (KW-5805), a 5,11-dihydro[1]benzoxepino[3,4-b]pyridine derivative, we found that some new derivatives had antiarrhythmic activity. So we continued synthesis and evaluation of a series of 5-substituted 5,11-dihydro[1]benzoxepino[3,4-b]pyridines for antiarrhythmic activity in chloroform-induced ventricular arrhythmias in mice and in ouabain-induced ventricular arrhythmias in dogs. In chloroform-induced ventricular arrhythmias, the 7-methoxy group played an important role in activity and the type of terminal side chain at position 5 had not obvious effect on potency. On the other hand, in ouabain-induced ventricular arrhythmias, the structure-activity relationship was highly specific and only four compounds, 9, 30, 34, and 35, were effective. Compound 9,5-[[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]amino]-7-methoxy-5,11-dihydro[1] benzoxepino[3,4-b]pyridine 1.5-fumarate, which exhibited low affinity for muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and a high ED100(mydriasis)/ED50(antiarrhythmic activity) ratio, was selected for further development and clinical evaluation as KW-3407. The synthesis and antiarrhythmic activity of optically active 9 is described. The order of potency of antiarrhythmic activity in ouabain-induced ventricular arrhythmias in dogs was (-)-9, (+/-)-9, and (+)-9.     

Synthesis of new pyrazole,triazole, and thiazolidine-pyrimido [4, 5-b] quinoline derivatives with potential antitumor activity

2-Hydrazinyltetrahydropyrimido [4, 5-b] quinolin-4(3H)-one (3) was prepared by desulfurization reaction of S- and N-dimethyl derivatives 2 with hydrazine hydrate. Reactions of (3) with malonitrile, carbondisulfide, potassium thiocyanate, phthalic anhydride and aromatic aldehydes afforded 3, 5-di aminopyrazolopyrimido [4, 5-b] quinoline (4), triazolotetrahydropyrimido [4, 5-b] quinoline (5), aminotriazolopyrimido [4, 5-b] quinoline (6), aminophthalimidopyrimido [4, 5-b] quinoline (7) and N-arylidene hydrazinepyrimido [4, 5-b] quinoline 8a–d, respectively. Furthermore, 8a–d reacted with mercaptoacetic acid gave the thiazolidinonepyrimido [4, 5-b] quinoline 9a–d, which afforded the thiazolotriazolopyrimido [4, 5-b] quinolinone 10a–d upon treatment with ethanolic potassium hydroxide. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectrometer. The investigated compounds were screened for their cytotoxicity. Compounds 4, 6 and 5 exhibited potent antitumor activity.     

Thiophene systems. 5. Thieno[3,4-b][1,5]benzoxazepines, thieno[3,4-b][1,5]benzothiazepines, and thieno[3,4-b][1,4]benzodiazepines as potential central nervous system agents

10-(Alkylamino)thieno[3,4-b][1,5]benzoxazepines (3) and 10-(alkylamino)thieno[3,4-b][1,5]benzothiazepines (4) were prepared by derivatization of the respective lactams (7 and 8) via phosphorus pentachloride and subsequent condensation with the appropriate alkylamines. 9-(Alkylamino)-4H-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]benzodiazepines (5) were prepared by titanium tetrachloride catalyzed condensation of the lactam 11 with alkylamines. 9-(Alkylamino)-4-methylthieno[3,4-b][1,4]benzodiazepines (6) were prepared by reductive alkylation of 5. The compounds were tested for potential neuroleptic activity by means of the blockade of d-amphetamine lethality in aggregated mice and/or effects on locomotor activity in rats. Antidepressant activity was examined using inhibition of tetrabenazine-induced depression in mice. Most of the title compounds 3-6 were found to have neuroleptic activity. In addition, introduction of a 3-chloro substituent in the oxygen and sulfur systems (3p and 4c), as well as introduction of an N-alkyl in the dinitrogen system (6), was found to produce antidepressant effects. Structure-activity relationships are discussed.     

Synthesis and antitumor activity of 1-[[(dialkylamino)alkyl]amino]-4-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]benzo[e]- and -benzo[g])indoles. A new class of antineoplastic agents

The thermal Fischer indolization of hydrazones resulting from 4-hydrazino-5-methyl-1H-pyridin-2-one and various beta- and alpha-tetralones led to 4-methyl-6,7-dihydro-2H,5H-pyrido[4,3- b]benzo[e]indol-1-ones and 4-methyl-11-dihydro-2H,5H-pyrido[4,3- b]benzo[g]indol-1-ones, respectively. After aromatization, these compounds were transformed by phosphorus oxychloride, giving 1-chloro-4-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3- b]benzo[e]- and -benzo[g]indoles which were substituted by [(dialkylamino)alkyl]amines. The resulting 1-[[(dialkylamino)alkyl]amino]-4-methyl-5H-pyrido- [4,3-b]benzo[e]- and -benzo[g]indoles, as well as hydroxy derivatives obtained by demethylation of methoxylated compounds with hydrobromic acid, were tested for antitumor activity in vitro (leukemic and solid tumor cells) and in vivo on various experimental tumor models using the standard NCI protocols. 1-[[3-(Dialkylamino)propyl]-amino]-4-methyl-9-hydroxy-5H-pyrido[4,3- b]benzo[e]indoles appeared as a promising new class of antineoplastic agents.     

Synthesis and biological properties of some 6H-pyrido[4,3-b]carbazoles

The effect of methyl substitution on the biological properties of the ellipticines was reexamined. 9-Hydroxy-6H-pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole was synthesized and shown to be devoid of antitumor activity in murine P388 lymphocytic leukemia in mice. 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-11-methyl-6H-pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole (46) and its N-methylcarbamate (48) were synthesized and their effect on macromolecular synthesis in HeLa cells and their antitumor properties were compared with those of ellipticine. In contrast to the alkaloid 1 and the hydroxymethyl derivative 46, which produced partially reversible inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation, the carbamate ester irreversibly blocked incorporation of the tritiated pyrimidine. The ester was also a more potent antitumor agent in P388 lymphocytic leukemia than 1 or 46.     

Potential antitumor agents. 37. Synthesis and antitumor activity of guanylhydrazones from imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles and from the new heterocyclic system thiazolo[2',3':2,3]imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline

This paper reports synthesis and antitumor activity of new guanylhydrazones from imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles and from the new heterocyclic system thiazolo[2',3':2,3]imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline. The compounds were tested as potential antitumor agents at the National Cancer Institute. The effect of the guanylhydrazone of 2-chloro-6-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-nitrophenyl)imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-5-carbaldehyde (41) was investigated, and it was found to be an inhibitor of Complex III of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and is able to induce apoptosis in the cell lines HT29 and HL60.     

Synthesis and antitumor activity of pyrano[4′,3′:4,5]pyrido[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-d]-1,2,3-triazine and l,2,3-triazino[4′,5′:4,5¦thieno-[2,3-c]isoquinoline derivatives

Methods for the synthesis of new heterosystems of condensed thieno[3,2-d]-1,2,3-triazines on the basis of pyrido[2,3-b]thiophenes have been developed. The antitumor activity of the synthesized compounds was studied and several compounds possessing low toxicity and moderate antitumor activity were found. __________ Translated from Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 40, No. 6, pp. 3–5, June, 2006.     

Synthesis and antiproliferative activity in vitro of new 3-substituted aminopyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines

The synthesis of several new 3-substituted aminopyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines is described. The obtained compounds were tested for their antiproliferative activity in vitro. Two of them: 3-chloroacetylaminopyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine [II] and 3-(2-bromopropionyl-amino)pyrazolo[3.4-b]pyridine [III] revealed cytotoxic activity against the cells of 5 human tumor cell lines applied. Their ID50 values were in the range of the international activity criterion for synthetic agents (4 microg/ml). The structures of the products II-XVII were established on the basis of elemental analysis and spectral data (IR, 1H NMR and MS).     

Chemical and pharmacological investigations on 2H-pyridazino[4,5-b] [1,4]benzothiazin-1(10H)-one derivatives

The methylation of 2H-pyridazino [4,5-b][1,4]benzothiazin-1(10H)-one-5,5-dioxide 2 and the oxidation of 2-methyl-2H-pyridazino[4,5-b][1,4]benzothiazin-1(10H)-one 3 produced the same compound 4. On the contrary, in the 2-dialkylaminoalkylic series, the dialkylamino-alkylation and the oxidation reactions, carried out on compounds 2 and 8 respectively, afforded derivatives 7 and 9. In addition, the behaviour to the oxidation of the corresponding 10-methyl and 10-dialkylaminoalkyl analogues is also described. The synthesized compounds were tested for their analgesic, antiexudative and anti-inflammatory activities. The pharmacological results showed that in general dialkylaminoalkyl derivatives are more active than methyl derivatives. In particular, compounds 7 b, 9 b and 11 c exhibited an analgesic activity comparable to that of phenylbutazone; moreover 10-substituted compounds 11 a, 11 b and 11 c, screened p.o. as anti-inflammatory agents in rats, resulted equipotent to phenylbutazone and more active than 2-substituted isomers. These activities are coupled with a high LD50 and a very low ulcerogenic potential.     

Efficient regioselective synthesis and potential antitumor evaluation of isoxazolo[5,4-b]pyridines and related annulated compounds

The reaction of 5-amino-3-methylisoxazole with appropriate α,β-unsaturated ketones gave the corresponding isoxazolo[5,4-b]pyridines. Treatment of 1 with 2,6-dibenzylidenecyclohexanone or 2-benzylidenedimedone afforded the corresponding isoxazolo[5,4-b]quinoline derivatives. 4,6,8,9-Tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4-b]quinolin-5-one derivative was also obtained by multicomponent condensation reaction of 1 with dimedone and benzaldehyde. Heterocyclic annulation of the isoxazolo[5,4-b]pyridine system was achieved via reaction of 1 with benzylidene derivatives of indandione, quinuclidone, pyrazolone, and oxazolone. A representative of some newly synthesized compounds was evaluated as antitumor agents.