寰枕关节完全骨化一例报导

从目前收集到国内资料所知 ,寰枕关节完全骨化极少见。本人在做新鲜骨标本时 ,发现一例。现将观察与测量结果报告如下 ;一、观察结果 :尸体标本完整时观察 ,本例为男性 ,年龄约 2 5— 30岁 ,身长 167 5ｃｍ ,体健 ,无其它外伤史迹象。经从各关节处裂解 ,去除脂肪 ,肌肉 ,内脏等组织后 ;经高压锅蒸至骨以外组织能完全剥离。取出 ,刮去多余组织 ,脱脂后观察 :骨质完整无缺 ,枢椎为完整的独立骨块。寰椎却与枕骨完全融为一体。其间无明显界限。二、测量结果 :按吴汝康的测量方法 ,单位以毫米计 ,寰椎全宽 82 ,矢径 4 2 5 ,椎孔下横径 31 5 ,矢…     

寰椎枕骨化对枕颈部生物力学影响的实验研究

目的 :建立人类寰椎枕骨化模型 ,进行生物力学测试 ,阐明寰椎枕骨化畸形对枕颈部生物力学的影响。方法 :采用新鲜人体枕颈部标本制作人类寰椎枕骨化实验模型 ,分别对标本和模型进行生物力学测试 ,确定寰枕关节和寰枢关节的运动参数 ,进行统计学分析。结果 :与标本比较 ,模型的枕寰关节各轴向的运动几近消失 (P <0 .0 0 1 ) ,最大的运动参数是后伸运动范围 ,仅 0 .2 1°。寰枢关节屈曲运动的弹性区和运动范围分别从正常的 1 1 .71°和 1 5 .55°增加至 1 6 .63°和 2 1 .0 4°,相差显著 (P <0 .0 5) ,旋转运动的中性区和运动范围分别从正常的 36 .88°和 48.2 4°增加至 41 .70°和 52 .2 4° ,相差显著 (P <0 .0 5) ,屈曲运动的中性区、旋转运动的弹性区及后伸和侧曲运动各运动参数均相差不显著 (P >0 .0 5)。结论 :1 .寰椎枕骨化畸形造成寰枕关节运动丧失 ,寰枢关节的负荷和旋转不稳定趋势增加 ,容易导致寰椎横韧带退变、松弛和寰枢关节不稳。 2 .建议对寰椎枕骨化畸形的患者密切观察 ,证实寰枢关节临床不稳 ,尽早手术融合     

寰枕、寰枢关节滑膜皱襞解剖观测及临床意义

目的：观察寰枕、寰枢关节中各关节有无滑膜皱襞存在，皱襞的形态、位置和组织学，探讨其临床意义。方法：对16例12岁以下小儿和8例成人防腐尸体的寰枕、寰枢关节中的各关节进行解剖观测。结果：无论成人或小儿，除了寰枢后正中关节外，其它关节均有滑膜皱襞存在，滑膜皱襞总出现率66．7％。寰枢前正中关节中皱襞位于上关节间隙，寰枕关节、寰枢外侧关节的皱襞主要分布于前外侧，多数皱襞呈月牙形。与成人相比，小儿组皱襞数量多，总出现率达72．34％(成人组仅58．3％)，小儿以大中型皱襞为主(58．35％)，成人以小型皱襞为主(62．5％)且无大皱襞。镜下观察儿童有三种不同的组织学类型，其中以脂肪型和纤维脂肪型为主(88．9％)。结论：推测在儿童寰枕、寰枢关节中有更多更大的滑膜皱襞，在受到外伤或炎症作用下，皱襞肿胀变大，位置改变，发生嵌顿，这很可能是小儿好发某些上颈椎疾病，如寰枢椎旋转畸形的解剖学基础。     

前路经寰枕寰枢关节锁定钛板螺钉内固定系统的匹配性研究

目的　观察新型前路经枕寰枢关节锁定钛板螺钉内固定系统与枕颈复合体的匹配性,探讨此内固定系统临床应用的可行性。 方法　对枕颈部CT扫描数据进行三维重建,并通过数字化模拟手术进行解剖学匹配实验。通过观察钛板枢椎椎体前表面的切合性及螺钉的走行,测量经关节螺钉的理想钉道参数,评估此内固定系统与枕颈复合体的匹配性。 结果　钛板与枢椎椎体前表面相匹配;经关节螺钉均穿过寰枕关节及寰枢关节进入枕骨髁,无穿出骨质者,螺钉均未损伤舌下神经管。椎体固定螺钉均位于枢椎椎体骨质内,未进入椎管及椎间隙。经关节螺钉钉道理想钉道参数与内固定系统实际钉道参数差异无统计学意义。 结论　前路经寰枕寰枢关节锁定钛板螺钉内固定系统与枕颈复合体解剖学匹配性较好,具有临床应用可行性。     

寰枕关节后路经关节螺钉固定的解剖学

目的:为国人提供枕寰枢复合体的相关解剖学参数,寻求枕寰枢后路经关节螺钉固定的解剖学依据和可行性。方法:测量枕骨髁和寰椎干燥标本;观察新鲜尸体标本的枕寰枢后部结构。结果:枕髁关节面舌下神经管间距约9.66mm,两侧枕髁前端间距约14.93mm,枕髁关节面内倾角,左侧约12.5°,右侧约11.6°。枕髁关节面的前后径和横径、寰椎侧块上关节面前后径、侧块上关节面横径、侧块与后弓移行处侧块厚度均在5mm以上。椎动脉第3段恒定行走于椎动脉沟。第1、2颈神经背侧支与寰椎侧块下关节突后方几无交叉,并有一定的活动度。结论:寰枕关节后路经关节螺钉内固定在解剖可行,其理想入钉点在寰椎后弓与侧块下关节突移行处的中点,螺钉指向枕骨髁前上方。     

枕寰枢关节韧带断层与MR图像的对照研究

目的：为临床MRI诊断枕寰枢关节韧带损伤提供断层解剖学依据。方法：利用低温冰冻技术，将枕寰枢关节制成3．5mm厚的薄层断层标本，并与该区的磁共振图像相对照。结果：寰椎横韧带在横断位和矢状位，翼状韧带在斜冠状位和矢状位，齿突尖韧带在矢状位和斜冠状位能清楚观察各韧带的形态和毗邻关系。结论：在MRI上能清楚显示枕寰枢关节的各条韧带。     

寰枕关节周围韧带的显微断层解剖

目的：揭示寰枕区的显微断层解剖结构,为临床手术提供准确的解剖学数据。方法：选取8具尸体头颅标本制作颅底组织块,并将这些组织块进行塑化,然后切成连续的切片。染色后在光学显微镜下观察。结果：齿突尖主要为骨密质,齿突中下部主要为骨松质。齿突尖韧带是连接齿突尖与枕骨大孔前缘的细小索状纤维束。覆膜是坚韧的薄膜,从枕骨斜坡下降,在十字韧带的上下纵束之后,与枢椎联系紧密。硬脊膜前方为覆膜,后方为蛛网膜。硬脊膜从斜坡开始与覆膜汇合,并向下移行至枕骨大孔前缘最下方的位置分开然后各自继续向下走行,在齿突的位置和覆膜再次汇合,向下走行至枢椎椎体后分离。在齿突尖水平的位置覆膜与前方的后纵韧带汇合。结论：Barkow韧带可能并不存在,临床手术中不能将其作为识别标志。     

"单横突型"寰枕融合伴大乳突旁突椎动脉管寰椎畸形一例

本报告一例特殊类型的枕寰融合，仅以寰椎左横突与特大的乳突旁突相融合而左右侧块及前后弓均游离，并伴有“椎动脉管”形成和寰椎畸形等。本例不支持Hollinshed关于寰枕融合“至少包括一侧块”的观点，国内献中未见相同个例。现报告讨论如下。     

先天寰枢椎脱位导致体温反复升高1例报道

由于寰枢椎脱位引起患者体温升高的报道临床上比较罕见,容易漏诊.如果患儿以反复发热为主诉就诊,要考虑此病的可能性.为了积累临床资料,现将我科收治的1例先天寰枢椎脱位导致体温反复升高的病例资料报告如下.1 临床资料患儿,1岁,因四肢无力,行走不稳,并反复高热感冒而入院,影像学检查提示先天性寰枢椎脱位.查体:四肢肌力减退,双上肢3+级;双下肢3级;双膝反射(++)、跟腱反射(++),双侧踝阵挛(+).     

转移性管状腺癌伴骨化生1例

转移性管状腺癌伴骨化生１例朱艳硕患者女，４９岁。因左侧臀部及腿部疼痛１年余，伴加重１周，于１９９６年５月２１日入院。行左梨状肌单纯手术切除术。术前ＣＴ示左梨状肌肿块伴钙化，骨盆诸骨无明显骨性改变。术中见左梨状肌肿块伴钙化，压迫并包绕左坐骨神经。既往史...     

Three-dimensional computed tomography of a complete stylohyoid ossification with articulation

The stylohyoid chain presents considerable anatomic variability. Three-dimensional (3D) CT is accepted as the method of choice for morphological assessment of the stylohyoid complex. We present volume-rendered, 3D multislice CT images of an unusual, incidental case of bilateral complete stylohyoid ossification with articulations.     

Generalized aspergillosis sepsis in a one month old infant with inborn leukemia

A rare case of aspergillesis sepsis in an one month old baby with inborn leukemia is reported. Of essential importance in the pathology is genetic deficiency of this child, decreased immunity and a grave intoxication due to leukemia chemotherapy.     

Unilateral complete articulated ossification of the stylohyoid apparatus: case report and review of the literature

Anatomical variations of the stylohyoid apparatus are frequent. Two types can occur: an elongation of the stylohyoid ligament, from a long styloid process to a complete ossified structure connecting the skull base to the lesser horn of the hyoid bone, or the existence of supernumerary bones in the stylohyoid fibrous matrix, which sometimes resembles phalanges. These variations are in the majority of cases bilateral and symmetrical. The authors report the case of a 43-year-old male patient who presented with an unusual unilateral complete ossification of the stylohyoid apparatus, associated with vertebral and laryngeal calcifications. Original latest generation CT scan and three-dimensional MRI imagery are provided to illustrate this rare case.     

Two peculiar conditions following a coma: a clinical case of heterotopic ossification concomitant with keloid formation

The etiology and formation pattern of heterotopic ossifications (HO) are still unknown. They occur in soft tissues in which bone does not normally form, near one or more proximal joints. In this article, the authors report a peculiar case of a 31-year-old patient affected by scapulo-humeral ankylosis that occurred about 6 months after a coma, in which two unusual concomitant conditions were observed: HO formation in the scapulo-humeral region and the development of keloids during wound repair. The scapulo-humeral ankylosis was resolved surgically with the removal of the HO, which was then studied morphologically to understand its formation pattern. By light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, it was observed that heterotopic bone displays the normal microscopic structure of primary bone, in which two types of bone tissue were recognized, i.e., woven-fibered bone, deeply located and produced first, and lamellar bone. This suggests that the pattern of HO formation retraces the ontogenetic steps that normally occur during intramembranous ossification. The authors also discuss the peculiar concomitance of HO formation and keloid development, speculating that, although they are different conditions localized in dissimilar regions, they might be hypothetically triggered by a common event, such as the release of factors likely issued during the coma status.     

全口义齿基托及金属网状支架异常变色1例

背景：临床工作中经常见到全口义齿基托表面色素沉着的病例,但义齿基托内金属表面及周围材料变色的病例十分罕见。 目的：分析1例全口义齿基托及金属网状支架异常变色的原因。 方法：取部分义齿变色均匀基托作为样本,用体视显微镜观察并记录基托表面变化。获取变色物质,将变色物质与周围正常基托进行傅里叶红外光谱分析比较。 结果与结论：体视显微镜下观察见样本基托表面大面积不规则裂纹,经测量裂纹最宽处约为860 nm。红外分析结果显示变色物质与正常基托组织波峰相似,未见氧化物特征波峰。提示该义齿变色原因在于基托表面出现裂纹引起色素沉着。     

Styloid chain ossification: Report of a case with articulations

A bilateral ossified stylohyoid ligament was observed in a cadaver specimen. On the left side, the stylohyoid chain was markedly enlarged. The stylohyoid ligament was completely ossified into two segments separated by a diarthrodial-like joint. An articulation was also observed between the enlarged styloid process and the ossified ligament. On the right side, the styloid process had a normal appearance. The middle part of the stylohyoid ligament was ossified and it was attached to the styloid process and to the hyoid bone by a fibrous band. Proposed theories to account for the ossification oaf this ligament are discussed. Since the presence of an enlarged and ossified stylohyoid chain can cause much discomfort and pain, a greater understanding of the causative factors responsible for this anomaly is needed to provide for more effective diagnosis and treatment. © 1995 WiIey-Liss, Inc.     

HDF联合小剂量骨化三醇治疗肾性骨病临床分析

目的：研究肾性骨病(renal osteodystrophy,ROD)患者应用血液透析滤过(hemodiafiltration,HDF)与小剂量骨化三醇进行联合治疗的临床效果。方法：回顾分析我院自2011年11月至2013年11月以来,于我科治疗的112例ROD患者临床资料,依据治疗方式将其分为研究组与对照组,每组56例,研究组应用HDF与小剂量骨化三醇进行联合治疗,对照组应用高通量血液透析(high throughput hemodialysis,HFHD)与大剂量骨化三醇进行联合治疗,两组规律治疗16周后,观察对比两组治疗前后SCr、BUN、血清白蛋白(serum albumin,ALB)、ROD症状评分的改变情况,两组治疗前后血清钙、磷、钙磷乘积、甲状旁腺素(parathyroid hormone,iPTH)的改变情况,以及两组治疗前后骨源性碱性磷酸酶(bone alkaline phosphatase,BAP)的改变情况。结果：研究组治疗前BAP水平与对照组相较,不具差异(P>0.05),研究组治疗后BAP水平与对照组相较,呈明显差异(P<0.05)。研究组治疗前后SCr、BUN、ALB、ROD症状评分与对照组相较,均不具差异(P>0.05),但两组治疗后ROD症状评分与治疗前相较,均呈明显差异(P<0.05),在研究组骨化三醇应用剂量与对照组呈明显差异的情况下,未因血钙偏高而停药。研究组治疗前血清钙、磷、钙磷乘积、iPTH水平与对照组相较,均不具差异(P>0.05),研究组、对照组治疗后血钙与治疗前相较,均有降低,但不具差异(P>0.05),研究组治疗后血磷降低明显,与对照组相较,呈明显差异(P<0.05),研究组治疗后血钙磷乘积、iPTH水平与对照组相较,均呈明显差异(P<0.05)。结论：ROD患者应用HDF、小剂量骨化三醇进行联合治疗,同应用HFHD、大剂量骨化三醇进行联合治疗对比,疗效相当,但前者能够降低骨化三醇对机体BAP、iPTH水平以及钙磷代谢的干扰,更适合在临床推广。     

3D打印截骨导板辅助下的TKA手术在河西走廊地区的临床应用

目的　比较3D打印截骨导板辅助全膝关节置换（total knee arthroplasty,TKA）与传统手术方式行TKA的临床效果差异,探讨应用3D打印个性化截骨技术在TKA中的临床应用价值。 方法　将2015年10月~2018年6月间行TKA的120例（136膝）患者,随机分成3D组和传统组,3D组60例（70膝）采用3D打印截骨导板辅助膝关节置换手术,传统组60例（66膝）采用传统的膝关节置换方法。术前两组患者年龄、性别、KSS（knee society score）评分,均无统计学差异（P>0.05）。记录手术时间,术中实际股骨远端、胫骨近端截骨量,术后X线片测量平均股骨、胫骨机械轴夹角（MFTA）,矢状位胫骨平台后倾角（STCA）,并进行统计学分析,末次随访时行KSS评分。 结果　术后随访9~32个月,两组病例均未出现关节感染,假体松动、移位、下沉等并发症。3D导板组术前规划的股骨远端、胫骨近端截骨量与手术实际无统计学差异（P>0.05）;3D导板组的手术时间、MFTA值、STCA值与传统组相比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;末次随访3D导板组KSS临床及功能评分均高于传统组,两组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论　3D打印个性化截骨技术简化了TKA手术步骤,可提高手术的精准度与临床疗效,值得进一步推广应用。     

Heterotopic mesenteric ossification. Description of a case

We describe a case of heterotopic mesenteric ossification presented in a 25 year-old male who underwent laparotomy for a fire-gun injury. Two weeks later he experienced small bowel obstruction and for this reason he has been operated five times with removal of segments of small bowel. Now, nine months later, he needs ileostomy to avoid another obstruction.