精神分裂症与出生月份之间的关系

本文就上海地区确诊为精神分裂症的908例与725名正常人的出生月份进行对照分析,发现10月份出生的人中患精神分裂症患者显著较正常人多(P<0.01)。认为这与生物气象性因素有关。     

同胞精神分裂症与5-羟色胺2A受体基因的关联分析

目的 探讨慢性精神分裂症患者的受累同胞和散发性精神分裂症与5-羟色胺2A受体基因(5-HT2A)T102C多态性的关联。方法 先用严格的纳入标准收集共患慢性精神分裂症的同胞60对(120例)和散发性精神分裂症120例,分别与正常同胞60对(120名)和120名正常人对照,采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增及MspI内切酶酶切技术,检测各组的5-HT2A受体基因的基因型和等位基因的频率分布。结果 60对共患慢性精神分裂症的受累同胞组5-HT2A受体基因A1／A1基因型频率显著高于正常同胞组(X2=5.58,P<0.05),经配对比较,患者同胞组共有A1／A1基因型也显著多于正常同胞组(X2=3.94,P<0.05),而散发性精神分裂症与正常人对照组各基因型和等位基因的构成差异均无显著性意义。结论 共患慢性精神分裂症的同胞与5-HT2A受体基因A1／A1型关联,A1／A1纯合子易患精神分裂症,散发性精神分裂症可能与5-HT2A受体基因无关联。     

母女同患精神分裂症与5-羟色胺2A受体基因的关联分析

目的探讨母女精神分裂症患者和女性散发性精神分裂症患者与5-羟色胺2A受体基因(5-HT2A)T102C多态性的关联。方法先用严格的纳入标准收集共患精神分裂症的母女120例和女性散发性精神分裂症250例,分别与200名女性健康者做对照比较,采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增及Mspl内切酶酶切技术,检测各组的5-HT2A受体基因的基因型和等位基因的频率分布。结果120例共患精神分裂症的母女组5-HT2A受体基因各组基因型频率均显著高于女性散发性精神分裂症组及正常女性对照组,经配对比较,女性散发性精神分裂症与女性正常人对照组各基因型和等位基因的构成差异均无显著性意义。结论母女共患精神分裂症的患者与5-HT2A受体基因的各组基因型均有关联,但A1/A2型杂合子可能更易患精神分裂症,女性散发性精神分裂症可能与5-HT2A受体基因无关联。     

Ⅰ、Ⅱ型精神分裂症父母育龄及胎次效应的比较研究

为了解Ⅰ、Ⅱ型精神分裂症之间父母育龄及胎次效应有无差异，我们用Ｈａｌｄａｍｅ和Ｓｍｉｔｈ法对８３例Ⅰ型精神分裂症、５１例Ⅱ型精神分裂症进行了这一比较研究。结果表明：Ⅰ型无父母育龄及胎次效应；Ⅱ型有父母育龄及胎次效应，这种效应为父母年龄越大、胎次越高者易患Ⅱ型精神分裂症。进一步提示Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型精神分裂症之间具有遗传异质性     

精神分裂症患者的胎次效应与遗传及诊断分型

精神分裂症患者的胎次效应与遗传及诊断分型崔利军田国庆平治杜波邓春继曹永刚王昭辉△有关胎次效应对精神分裂症的影响已有报导［１～３］。但尚未见胎次效应与家族遗传史、诊断分型关系的研究。本文对这一问题进行探讨，以进一步分析胎次在精神分裂症发病中...     

144例精神分裂症的家族遗传史与临床因素分析

１４４例精神分裂症的家族遗传史与临床因素分析江苏省启东市第三人民医院（２２６２００）陈杰本文比较了有无家族遗传史的精神分裂症患者在临床诸因素方面的差异，现将结果报导如下。对象与方法：本文对象为１９８５年１月－１９８９年４月首次发病并住我院的精神分裂症...     

1000例精神分裂症患者ABO血型临床分布

为探讨血型与精神分裂症及血型之间的关系和分布情况，对符合精神分裂症诊断的1000例病人作常规血型测定，产与正常群体血型分布进行比较。结果，精神分型症亚型与ABO的血型分布无明显关系（P＞0．05），与正常群体血型分布频率也无明显差异（P＞0．05）。提示，精神分裂症患的疾病与ABO血型分布没有密切关系。     

精神分裂症患者血清免疫球蛋白含量的初步研究

测定121例正在治疗的和63例未经治疗的精神分裂症患者的血清 IgA、IgM 和 IgG,并与109例正常成人比较。结果发现未经治疗的急性精神分裂症患者的 IgA 和 IgG 显著高于正常人,而正在进行药物治疗的患者则与正常人无明显差异。不同药物、有无遗传史和病程长短对免疫球蛋白的测定结果无明显影响。精神分裂症和免疫机能的关系,值得进一步探讨。     

首胎次与多胎次的精神分裂症胎次风险研究

目的比较首胎次与多胎次的精神分裂症患者人口学资料的差异及探讨胎次与精神分裂症的关系。方法收集500例年龄在18~40岁、符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)诊断标准的精神分裂症患者的人口学资料。使用t检验及χ2检验统计方法,运用Haldane和Smith分析法进行胎次效应的估算以了解胎次与精神分裂症的关系。结果两组比较有统计学意义的是性别(χ2=8.48,P=0.004)、家族精神病史(χ2=4.34,P=0.037)、同胞患病情况(χ2=4.67,P=0.03)、患者发病年龄(t=-2.05,P=0.04)、出生时父亲年龄(t=-8.22,P=0.00)、出生时母亲年龄(t=-9.71,P=0.00)及母亲流产、死胎情况(χ2=69.02,P=0.00)。胎次的频率分布中胎次大于1的占比为63%,胎次等于1占比为37%。使用Haldane和Smith法分析,C值3.232(P0.01)。结论在遗传、环境因素影响方面多胎次患者较单胎更加突出。胎次高与患精神分裂症的风险相关。     

552例精神分裂症的血型与其性格、病型、家族遗传史关系的调查

调查552例精神分裂症的 ABO 血型,对血型与性格、病型、家族史的相互关系,作了初步分析,显示初发组、慢性组患者的血型分布,和对照组无差异。内倾型性格和有无家族史患者的血型分布同对照组相比,并无显著差异。血 AB 型比 O 型、B 型的患者更容易罹患青春型。     

Effects of chronic neuroleptic administration on the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis of male schizophrenics

1. The authors investigated the effects of long-term neuroleptic administration on the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis of regularly medicated schizophrenic male patients. 2. The subjects were 56 patients who were diagnosed according to the DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia. Each patient gave informed consent for the research involved in this study. Based on the dosages of neuroleptics, the subjects were classified into two age-matched groups: those with lower dosages (LD) and those with higher dosages (HD). 3. (1) The mean level of the blood testosterone (T) in the LD group was significantly lower than that in the normal group, although the level was within normal range. There was no significant difference in the mean level of the blood T for the HD and the normal groups, or for the HD and the LD groups. (2) There was no significant difference in the mean levels of the blood luteinizing hormone between all groups. (3) Also, there was no significant difference in the mean levels of the blood follicle-stimulating hormone between the groups. (4) The mean levels of the blood prolactin in both the LD and HD groups were significantly higher than that in the normal subjects, but there was no significant difference between the LD and HD schizophrenics. 4. Overall, these results seem to indicate that (i) in male patients with chronic schizophrenia, HPG function is impaired, and (ii) chronic neuroleptic medication stimulates the HPG axis in schizophrenic patients with impaired HPG function.     

不同胎次的精神分裂症患者临床特征分析

目的　为研究不同胎次的精神分裂症患者的临床特征。方法　对 2 76例精神分裂症患者用自编项目调查表进行资料统计 ,并对相关因素进行比较。结果　第 1胎 (n =96 )发病年龄及家族史阳性率均较第 2胎及以上 (n =180 )有显著差异 (P <0 0 1) ;第 1胎幻听出现率较第 2胎及以上显著增高 (P <0 0 1)。结论　不同胎次的精神分裂症患者发病年龄及家族史阳性率均有显著差异。     

Cardiovascular effects of 0.5 milligrams per kilogram oral d-amphetamine and possible attenuation by haloperidol

In a series of earlier studies, an oral dose of 0.5 mg/kg d-amphetamine was administered to 81 patients with schizophrenia and eight normal control subjects. Seven more subjects with schizophrenia received placebo. Blood pressure and pulse rate were monitored before and 3 hours after drug administration. Blood pressure increased in both amphetamine groups, whereas placebo had no effect. However, pulse rate did not change in the schizophrenic group and only increased after 3 hours in normal control subjects as blood pressure began to decrease. Significant negative correlations between systolic blood pressure and pulse rate occurred at 2 and 3 hours, suggesting that the early cardiovascular response to amphetamine is an increase in blood pressure that recruits reflex control of heart rate. Eighteen of these subjects had hypertensive responses. Six subjects received 5 mg haloperidol intramuscularly, and 12 others had their blood pressure monitored until normalization. Haloperidol led to a more rapid decline of some but not all indices of blood pressure, suggesting that amphetamine-induced hypertension may have a dopaminergic component.     

首发精神分裂症患者认知功能研究

目的：了解精神分裂症患者认知功能损害的程度和性质。方法：选择首次发作的精神分裂症患者共５２例为研究组,作韦氏智力和记忆量表及成套神经心理测验中的连线测验与范畴测验;以健康者作对照组。结果：研究组的语言智商,操作智商,全量表智商,记忆商数,范畴测验的错误数,连线测验时间与对照组相比显著较差（Ｐ〈０．０１）。研究组中以阳性或阴性症状为主的患者上述各项无显著性差异;男女患者间亦无显著差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）     

Frontal and occipital perfusion changes in dissociative identity disorder

There is some evidence that emotional reactivity to daily life stress is related to a genetic or familial liability to develop schizophrenia. However, it is unclear whether the emotional distress is elevated in schizophrenia patients with positive compared to negative family history. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that a persistent higher level of emotional distress in schizophrenia subjects is associated with a positive family history of schizophrenia. This study used the Talbieh Brief Distress Inventory (TBDI), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS; including dysphoric mood, positive and negative subscales), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and the Distress Scale for Adverse Symptoms (DSAS) to investigate the difference in the magnitude of emotional distress scores between schizophrenia subjects with and without a positive family history of schizophrenia over time. Data were recorded for 69 multiplex family and 79 singleton patients at admission and about 16 months thereafter. No between-group differences were obtained in PANSS and DSAS scores. With regard to the TBDI: (a) both group of patients had no significant differences in emotional distress scores at admission; (b) patients with negative family history reported improvement in distress severity and depression severity (MADRS) 16 months after admission, while those with positive family history experienced persistent elevated emotional distress, mainly, on obsessiveness, and depression subscales; and (c) both groups of patients are characterized by elevated emotional distress at follow-up examination compared to healthy subjects. Thus, it appears that there is a strong association between positive family history and persistent elevated emotional distress. Because patients with positive and negative family history are likely to differ in genetic risk, our results suggest that long-term elevated levels of emotional distress may be related to a familial (environmental)/genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia.     

精神分裂症一级亲属情感表达与人格特征的相关性

目的:探讨精神分裂症一级亲属情感表达与人格特征的相关性。方法:对130例精神分裂症一级亲属与117例对照组采用坎伯威尔家庭问卷中文版(CFI-CV)和分裂型人格问卷(SPQ)进行评估,根据CFI-CV评分,将样本分为高情感表达组和低情感表达组,对样本的人格特征进行比较。结果:在精神分裂症一级亲属中高情感表达组SPQ阴性分裂型评分显著高于低情感表达组(t=2.634,P<0.01),其余各维度差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);精神分裂症一级亲属中高情感表达组SPQ阴性分裂型评分显著高于对照组中高情感表达组(t=2.687,P<0.01),其余各维度差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:精神分裂症健康一级亲属的情感表达与人格特征有极高的相关性。     

Birthweight and obstetric complications in schizophrenic twins.

Birthweight and obstetric complications were registered retrospectively in 24 monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs. Sixteen pairs were discordant and 8 pairs were concordant for DSM-III-R schizophrenia. There was no significant intrapair difference in birthweight between the 2 groups of MZ twins. Prematurity was more often observed in the discordant pairs, but neither differences in prematurity nor differences in obstetric complications between the concordant and discordant twins reached significance. No difference in respect of family history of schizophrenia between the 2 groups of MZ twins was found. In the discordant pairs, no significant difference between the schizophrenic twin and the nonschizophrenic co-twin was observed regarding birth order, birthweight or physical condition at birth.     

Differential amygdala response during facial recognition in patients with schizophrenia: an fMRI study

Human lesion or neuroimaging studies suggest that amygdala is involved in facial emotion recognition. Although impairments in recognition of facial and/or emotional expression have been reported in schizophrenia, there are few neuroimaging studies that have examined differential brain activation during facial recognition between patients with schizophrenia and normal controls. To investigate amygdala responses during facial recognition in schizophrenia, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study with 12 right-handed medicated patients with schizophrenia and 12 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The experiment task was a type of emotional intensity judgment task. During the task period, subjects were asked to view happy (or angry/disgusting/sad) and neutral faces simultaneously presented every 3 s and to judge which face was more emotional (positive or negative face discrimination). Imaging data were investigated in voxel-by-voxel basis for single-group analysis and for between-group analysis according to the random effect model using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM). No significant difference in task accuracy was found between the schizophrenic and control groups. Positive face discrimination activated the bilateral amygdalae of both controls and schizophrenics, with more prominent activation of the right amygdala shown in the schizophrenic group. Negative face discrimination activated the bilateral amygdalae in the schizophrenic group whereas the right amygdala alone in the control group, although no significant group difference was found. Exaggerated amygdala activation during emotional intensity judgment found in the schizophrenic patients may reflect impaired gating of sensory input containing emotion.     

精神分裂症的阴性症状与脑血灌流量的相关研究

目的探讨精神分裂症患者脑血灌流量与阴性症状的关系。方法应用单光子发射计算机断层技术研究阴性症状为主和非阴性症状为主的精神分裂症患者各２５例的脑血灌流量，并与２１例正常对照组比较。结果发现两个研究组均存在额叶、颞叶及基底节脑血灌流量降低，但两组检测结果无差异；相关研究显示患者脑血灌流量与身高呈正相关性。结论精神分裂症的阴性症状与脑血灌流量降低无相关性。     

Perseveration and over-switching in schizophrenia

Perseveration and switching in positive and negative schizophrenic patients are usually seen as manifestations of attention disorders. They may be closely related to each other, but have not been investigated in an integrated fashion. Such integrated investigation could contribute to the neurophysiological understanding of the relationship between the regional and the pharmacological deficit in schizophrenia. This study has developed a new tool-the Combined Attention Test (CAT)-for the simultaneous measuring of perseveration and switching. Forty-one unmedicated schizophrenic patients were tested. Using the Positive and Negative Sorting Scale (PANSS), subjects were classified into the two experimental groups: positive and negative schizophrenics. The control group consisted of 24 healthy subjects. Schizophrenic patients with positive symptoms tended to switch more than schizophrenic patients with negative symptoms and normal subjects; schizophrenic patients with negative symptoms tended to perseverate more than schizophrenic patients with positive symptoms and normal subjects. Over-switching is discussed as a specific symptom related to positive schizophrenia.