成人低级别胶质瘤癫痫预后的影响因素

成人低级别胶质瘤病人常以癫痫起病,癫痫成为影响病人术前生活质量及预后的主要问题。目前的研究表明：多种因素影响低级别胶质瘤病人的癫痫预后,如癫痫病程、发作类型、发作频率、脑电图表现及肿瘤位置、大小、切除程度、术后并发症、术后放疗等。本文即就近年来发现的影响因素进行综述,以提高对两者相互关系的认识。     

仅有癫痫表现的幕上胶质细胞瘤65例手术疗效

目的探讨仅有继发性癫痫表现的幕上胶质瘤的手术疗效及其影响因素.方法对经手术治疗、仅有继发性癫痫表现的65例幕上胶质瘤患者进行回顾性分析,探讨性别、年龄、术前癫痫病程、癫痫发作类型、肿瘤部位、手术切除程度等对癫痫预后的影响.结果本组男性34例,女性31例,平均年龄35.3岁,首次发作癫痫的平均年龄31.5岁,术前癫痫病史平均36.4个月.56例( 86.2% )为高分化型(low-grade)胶质瘤,9例(13.8%)为低分化型(high-grade)胶质瘤.开颅脑肿瘤切除术后神经系统并发症发生率为20.3%.术后癫痫控制有效率为66.2%.性别、年龄和术前癫痫病程与癫痫预后无关.部分性发作者癫痫预后较全身性发作者好( P <0.05).额叶和顶叶肿瘤术后神经系统并发症发生率较颞叶肿瘤高( P <0.05),而颞叶肿瘤术后癫痫控制效果较额叶和顶叶肿瘤好( P <0.05).肿瘤全切除和次全切除者的癫痫控制效果比部分切除和单纯活检病例的癫痫控制效果显著好( P <0.001).该组患者经综合治疗后预后较好,长期生存率高.结论仅有继发性癫痫表现的幕上胶质瘤多为高分化型,是胶质瘤中预后相对较好的特殊类型,癫痫发作类型、肿瘤部位和手术切除程度具有预后价值.     

幕上胶质瘤术后早期癫痫发作危险因素分析

目的探讨胶质瘤术后早期癫痫发作的危险因素。方法对2010年1月～2011年12月我院接受开颅手术的256例胶质瘤临床资料进行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果术后早期癫痫发作的患者16例,发生率为6.25%,其中部分性发作7例(43.75%),全身强直阵挛性发作9例(56.25%),癫痫持续状态1例(6.25%)。单因素分析显示,术前癫痫史、肿瘤位置、术后是否水肿明显及瘤腔是否有出血与胶质瘤术后早期癫痫发作相关(P<0.05),进一步多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示仅术前癫痫史、肿瘤位置及瘤腔是否出血为危险因素,其OR值分别为4.339、3.073、2.771。结论术前癫痫史、肿瘤位置及瘤腔是否出血是幕上胶质瘤术后早期癫痫的发生的危险因素。     

颞叶低级别胶质瘤继发顽固性癫痫的外科治疗

目的探讨颞叶低级别胶质瘤继发顽固性癫痫患者的临床特点、术前评估及外科治疗效果。方法对31例颞叶低级别胶质瘤继发顽固性癫痫患者术前进行MRI、视频脑电图（VEEG）、发作间期正电子发射断层扫描（PET）检查,综合分析检查结果,制定相应手术方案。术中行皮层脑电描记（ECoG）,术后对切除组织进行病理检查,并对患者进行术后随访。结果29例（93．5％）患者术后癫痫发作完全或部分缓解,2例（6．5％）患者无明显缓解。结论对于颞叶低级别胶质瘤继发顽固性癫痫的患者．术前进行综合评估,同时切除病灶及致痫灶是控制癫痫发作、改善预后的有效手段。     

脑胶质瘤术后早期癫痫发作的危险因素分析

目的探讨脑胶质瘤术后早期癫痫发作的危险因素。方法选取我院手术治疗的脑胶质瘤患者173例,根据术后是否发生早期癫痫分为观察组与对照组,探讨其术后早期癫痫发作的相关危险因素。结果与脑胶质瘤术后早期癫痫发作相关的因素有术前癫痫史、病理级别、肿瘤位置、肿瘤大小及瘤周水肿(P0.05)。术前无癫痫史者,术后早期癫痫发作风险降低,OR和95%CI分别为0.198与0.096~0.410。病理级别越高者,术后早期癫痫发作风险越低,OR和95%CI分别为0.695与0.529~0.911。位于额颞叶的肿瘤,术后早期癫痫发作风险高,OR和95%CI分别为0.833与0.701~0.991。肿瘤越大、瘤周水肿带越宽者,术后早期癫痫发作风险越高,OR分别为2.552、2.048。结论临床应针对上述危险因素,采取有效干预措施,降低术后早期癫痫的发生率,改善预后,提高患者生活质量。     

低级别胶质瘤复发再次术后癫痫预后危险因素分析

目的 探讨首次术后诊断为低级别胶质瘤复发并再次手术治疗后癫痫预后的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2012年4月至2015年4月收治的复发并再次手术治疗的81例胶质瘤的临床资料。结果 81例中,43例再次术后病理诊断仍为低级别胶质瘤（无恶性转变组）,38例进展为高级别胶质瘤（恶性转变组）。再次术后12个月,无恶性转变组29例（35.8%）完全无癫痫发作（EngelⅠ级）,恶性转变组为26例（32.1%）。多因素Logistic 回归分析结果表明,肿瘤全切除是恶性转变组癫痫预后的良好指标（OR=0.171,95% CI为0.031~0.941,P=0.042）,肿瘤全切除（OR=0.09,95% CI为0.013~0.613;P=0.014）和Ki-67低表达（OR=0.064,95% CI为0.007~0.610;P=0.017）是无恶性转变组癫痫预后良好指标,而年龄≤38岁（OR=8.899,95% CI为1.615~60.667;P=0.013）是无恶性转变组癫痫预后不良指标。结论 肿瘤全切除、年龄>38岁以及Ki-67低表达是预测复发性低级别胶质瘤术后癫痫完全控制的良好因素,而在进展为高级别的胶质瘤中,仅有肿瘤全切除有助于癫痫完全控制。     

瘤周水肿与人脑高级别胶质瘤预后的相关性

目的 探讨术前MRI显示的瘤周水肿特征与幕上高级别胶质瘤病人预后的相关性。方法 回顾性分析2017年1月至2019年3月手术治疗的、经术后病理证实的105例幕上高级别胶质瘤的临床资料。根据术前MRI评估瘤周水肿程度。随访截止时间为2020年6月。105例术后随访6~36个月,平均17个月。生存期是指从初次手术到死亡或末次随访的时间。结果 105例中,轻度瘤周水肿42例,重度63例。105例病人中位生存期为15个月。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,术前MRI显示重度瘤周水肿是高级别胶质瘤生存预后不良的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。生存曲线分析结果显示,重度瘤周水肿病人中位生存时间（14.0个月）较轻度瘤周水肿病人（30.0个月）明显缩短（P<0.001）。结论 术前常规MRI显示的严重瘤周水肿与幕上高级别胶质瘤病人生存预后密切相关,瘤周水肿越严重,病人预后越差。     

IVIM-MRI对人脑胶质瘤的病理分级及IDH1基因突变的评估价值

目的 探讨体素不相干运动扩散加权（IVIM）-MRI对人脑胶质瘤的病理分级及异柠檬酸盐脱氢酶1（IDH1）突变的评估价值。方法 回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年12月术后病理确诊的100例脑胶质瘤的临床资料。术前应用3.0 T MRI扫描仪检查,获取IVIM-MRI参数,包括灌注比例系数（F）、真实扩散系数（D）、伪扩散系数（D*）与表观扩散系数（ADC）。结果 与高级别胶质瘤相比,低级别胶质瘤ADC值与D值明显增高（P<0.05）,而F值与D*值均显著降低（P<0.05）。无论是低级别胶质瘤,还是高级别胶质瘤,IDH1基因突变型病人ADC值显著高于IDH1基因突野生型（P<0.05）。高级别胶质瘤病人中,IDH1基因突变型病人F值、D*值均显著低于IDH1基因野生型（P<0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,对于鉴别胶质瘤级别,ADC值的最佳临界值为1.091,灵敏度为86.92%,特异度为89.45%;D值的最佳临界值为0.934,灵敏度为78.26%,特异度为94.71%;D*值的最佳临界值为6.161,灵敏度为73.95%,特异度为73.66%;F值的最佳临界值为0.190,灵敏度为56.55%,特异度为100.00%。对于区分IDH1基因型,低级别胶质瘤病人中,ADC值区分IDH1基因突变的最佳临界值为1.181,灵敏度为92.87%,特异度为80.01%;高级别胶质瘤病人中,F值的效能最高,灵敏度为100.00%,特异度为92.87%。结论 IVIM-MRI定量分析可用于胶质瘤术前诊断与分级,并对预测胶质瘤IDH1基因状态具有潜在意义。     

成人低级别脑胶质瘤患者术后癫痫发作与控制的研究进展

低级别脑胶质瘤是致痫性最强的脑肿瘤类型之一。癫痫作为低级别脑胶质瘤患者最常见的临床症状,会导致患者的认知功能下降,严重影响患者的生命质量。脑胶质瘤的部位、组织学类型及分子病理学特征等均与癫痫发作有关,患者的年龄、癫痫类型、癫痫病程、手术切除范围及抗癫痫药物等也可能影响癫痫发作。此外,癫痫发作与患者的预后和疾病的变化密切相关,充分了解影响癫痫发作的因素,更好地延长胶质瘤患者的生存期、减少癫痫发作、提高生命质量,在低级别脑胶质瘤患者的诊疗过程中尤为重要。本文综述了成人低级别脑胶质瘤患者术后癫痫发作与控制的研究进展。     

脑胶质瘤患者术后脑脊液谷氨酸与继发性癫痫发作的关系

目的研究脑脊液谷氨酸水平与脑胶质瘤患者术后继发性癫痫发作的相关性。方法收集190例脑胶质瘤患者外科手术后1个月内的脑脊液标本,根据患者术后是否有继发性癫痫发作将其分成为无癫痫发作组(n=117)和有癫痫发作组(n=73);使用高效液相层析法检测并比较2组患者脑脊液中谷氨酸的水平。结果 35%的胶质瘤患者术后仍有癫痫发作,其中96%的患者术前有癫痫发作。与胶质瘤术后继发癫痫发作风险相关的独立临床因素包括:术前有癫痫发作、年龄较轻、肿瘤位于颞叶和肿瘤中含少突胶质细胞成分。术后有癫痫发作的胶质瘤患者脑脊液中谷氨酸水平明显高于无癫痫发作组(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析发现:脑脊液中谷氨酸浓度的增加,年龄较轻、肿瘤位于颞叶和肿瘤中含少突胶质细胞成分,可以作为胶质瘤术后继发癫痫发作的独立预测因子。结论脑脊液谷氨酸水平的增加与脑胶质瘤患者术后继发癫痫发作的风险密切相关,脑脊液谷氨酸水平或可成为预测胶质瘤术后癫痫发生的潜在指标。     

Short-term outcomes and predictors of post-surgical seizures in patients with supratentorial low-grade gliomas

To explore the predictive factors and short-term outcomes of post-surgical seizures in patients with supratentorial low-grade gliomas (LGGs). A consecutive series of 70 supratentorial LGG patients with seizures were reviewed to determine the predictors and short-term outcomes of seizures. Univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the predictive factors associated with postoperative seizure outcomes. We identified the preoperative seizure frequency threshold by plotting a receiver operating characteristic curve. A Kaplan-Meier curve was constructed to illustrate the seizure-free survival rate of our cohort over time. 54 patients who remained seizure -free post-surgery were classified into the Engel class I, and the other 16 patients whose seizures relapsed were classified into Engel classes II–IV. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the preoperative seizure frequency (X² = 16.069, P = 0.001), extent of resection (x² = 5.031, P = 0.025), IDH1 mutation (x² = 4.435, P = 0.035) and adjuvant chemotherapy of temozolomide (X² = 4.081, P = 0.043) were related to the postoperative short-term seizure outcome. The ROC curve indicated that the area under the curve for the preoperative seizure frequency test was 0.805 (95% confidence interval 0.690–0.920, p < 0.05), which corresponded to an optimal threshold of 2 preoperative seizures. The IDH1^WT status and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide were related to a better post-operative seizure outcome. Within the first year after the surgical resection, seizures reoccurred among 16 patients (22.9%) with a mean time of 10.8 months. The preoperative seizure frequency, extent of resection, IDH1 status, and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide were predictive factors of short-term postoperative seizure outcomes for supratentorial LGGs. To obtain a favorable seizure outcome, early intervention and removal are warranted. IDH1 mutation is the predictive biomarker of postoperative seizure outcomes. The adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide appears to be associated with better seizure outcomes, and it may be useful in helping to control the postoperative seizures.     

IDH1 and IDH2 mutations in postoperative diffuse glioma-associated epilepsy

ObjectiveIsocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 mutations (IDH1/2) have an established association with preoperative seizures in patients with grades II–IV diffuse gliomas. Here, we examined if IDH1/2 mutations are a biomarker of postoperative seizure frequency.MethodsThis was a retrospective study. Patients with grades II–IV supratentorial diffuse glioma, immunohistochemistry results of IDH1-R132H, and antiepileptic drug (AED) prescribed postoperatively were included. The primary outcome was seizure frequency over the first 12 postoperative months: Group A — postoperative seizure freedom; Group B — 1–11 seizures over 12 months (less than one seizure per month); and Group C — greater than one seizure per month. Rates of IDH1-R132H mutation were compared between the three outcome groups in univariate and multivariate analyses. Subgroup analysis was performed in 64 patients with IDH1/2 pyrosequencing data.ResultsOne hundred cases were included in the analysis: 30.0% grade II, 20.0% grade III, and 50.0% grade IV gliomas. Group B patients averaged 1 seizure over 12 months, compared with 2 seizures per month in Group C. Isocitrate dehydrogense 1-R132H mutation was present in 29.3% (17/58) of Group A, 18.2% (14/22) of Group B, and 70.0% (14/20) of Group C patients (p = 0.001). On multivariate analysis, after controlling for preoperative seizure, grade, and temporal tumor location, IDH1-R132H was associated with Group C when compared with both Group A (RR 4.75, p = 0.032) and Group B (RR 9.70, p = 0.012). In the subgroup with IDH1/2 molecular data, an IDH1/2 mutation was present in 64.7% (22/34) of Group A, 28.6% (4/14) of Group C, and 87.5% (14/16) of Group C patients (p = 0.004).SignificanceIn patients with supratentorial diffuse gliomas, IDH1-R132H mutations are associated with a more severe phenotype of postoperative epilepsy. These findings support further research into IDH mutations, and the potential for an antiepileptic therapeutic effect of their inhibitors, in patients with glioma-associated epilepsy.     

儿童期起病的颞叶癫痫术后疗效的预测因素分析

目的 探讨儿童期起病（起病年龄≤14岁）的颞叶癫痫术后疗效的预测因素。方法 回顾性分析2011年1月至2018年12月手术治疗的173例儿童期起病的颞叶癫痫的临床资料。术后随访12~101个月,平均（49.4±22.9）个月;末次随访采用Engel分级标准评估疗效,其中Ⅰ级为疗效良好,Ⅱ~Ⅳ级为疗效不佳。结果 173例中,Engel分级Ⅰ级135例（78.0%）,Ⅱ级8例（4.6%）,Ⅲ级20例（11.6%）,Ⅳ级10例（5.8%）。无严重手术相关并发症及手术死亡病例。多因素logistic回归分析显示,术前MRI显示脑部异常、热性惊厥史是儿童期起病的颞叶癫痫术后疗效良好的独立预测因素（P<0.05）。结论 儿童期起病的颞叶癫痫手术疗效良好。如果MRI显示脑部异常和/或伴热性惊厥史,建议采取手术治疗,可取得良好的效果。     

以癫癎为首发症状的低级别星形细胞瘤病人术后癫癎预后分析

目的探讨影响以癫癎为首发症状的低级别星形细胞瘤癫癎预后的因素。方法回顾性分析以癫癎为首发症状的低级别星形细胞瘤病例,经手术切除肿瘤1年后的癫癎症状改善情况,本组研究数据应用SPSS17．0统计软件进行卡方检验和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果术后癫癎预后为改良Engel I级102例（67．5％）,Ⅱ级以上49例（32．5％）。卡方检验显示：术前病人有语言障碍（P=0．038）、术前肿瘤累及岛叶（P=0．010）、肿瘤未全切除（P=0．001）对术后癫癎预后差异有统计学意义。多因素Logistic回归分析：术前病人有语言障碍（P=0．022）、术前肿瘤累及岛叶（P=0．007）及肿瘤未全切除（P=0．002）均为影响术后癫癎发作的独立危险因素。结论术前病人有语言障碍、术前肿瘤累及岛叶及肿瘤未全切除是影响以癫癎为首发症状的低级别星形细胞瘤病人术后癫癎预后的独立危险因素。     

An analysis of 170 glioma patients and systematic review to investigate the association between IDH-1 mutations and preoperative glioma-related epilepsy

Seizure is a common presenting symptom of glioma, and many biomarkers have been suggested to be associated with preoperative seizure; however, the relationships between IDH (isocitrate dehydrogenase) mutations and glioma-related epilepsy only recently been studied. The authors aimed to examine the correlations between IDH mutations in glioma patients with preoperative seizures and tumor location. A series of 170 glioma samples were analyzed for IDH1 R132H mutations (amino acid change from arginine to histidine at codon 132) with immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and for IDH mutations with direct DNA sequencing when the IHC results were negative. If either the IHC or direct DNA sequencing result was positive, the IDH status was defined as mutated. The results of the IDH mutation examinations were used to analyze the relationship between mutations and glioma-related epilepsy. The study population consisted of 64 (37.6%) World Health Organization (WHO) grade II gliomas, 58 (34.1%) grade III, and 48 (28.3%) grade IV gliomas. A total of 84 samples with IDH1 mutations were observed in our study, and 54 of these presented with seizures as the initial symptoms, whereas 28 of the patients with wild-type IDH status presented with seizures (p = 0.043 for the WHO grade II gliomas, p = 0.002 for the grade III gliomas and p = 0.942 for the grade IV gliomas, chi-squared tests). Among the WHO grade II and III gliomas, IDH1 mutations were significantly associated with preoperative seizures, but no significant relationship between IDH mutations and preoperative seizures was found with glioblastoma multiforme.     

外伤性颅内血肿术后不良预后的危险因素

目的 探讨外伤性颅内血肿术后预后不良的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2016年4月至2019年3月手术治疗的228例外伤性颅内血肿的临床资料。伤后6个月采用GOS评分评估预后，4~5分为预后良好，1~3分为预后不良。采用多因素logistic回归分析检验预后不良危险因素；采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析分析影响因素的评估效能。结果 228例中，158例预后良好，70例预后不良。多因素logistic回归分析示，术前GCS评分低、血肿量大、改良CT评分高、部分活化凝血活酶时间（APTT）延长是预后不良的独立影响因素（P<0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示，术前GCS评分、血肿量、改良CT评分、APTT评估预后不良的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.790、0.824、0.826、0.617，四个指标联合评估预后不良的AUC为0.954。结论 术前GCS评分、血肿量、改良CT评分、APTT对外伤性颅内血肿术后预后不良有一定的评估价值，联合评估效果更好     

脑胶质瘤FBLIM1的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨FBLIM1在脑胶质瘤中的表达及临床意义。方法 采用R软件分析UCSC数据库中癌症基因组图谱联合基因型组织表达数据集（TCGA、TARGET、GTEx）中的662例胶质瘤和1 157例正常脑组织的FBLIM1表达水平。利用TCGA数据库698例胶质瘤mRNA-seq及临床数据分析FBLIM1表达与胶质瘤临床特征的关系,用Cox比例回归风险模型分析胶质瘤生存预后的影响因素,采用Kaplan-Meier法分析TCGA数据库及中国脑胶质瘤基因组图谱（CGGA）数据库共计1 975例胶质瘤的FBLIM1表达与生存预后的关系。结果 胶质瘤FBLIM1表达水平较正常脑组织明显增高（P<0.05）,且肿瘤WHO分级越高,FBLIM1表达水平越高（P<0.05）;胶质瘤FBLIM1表达与IDH基因状态、1p/19q联合缺失、WHO分级及病人年龄显著相关（P<0.05）;FBLIM1过表达为胶质瘤病人生存预后不良的独立危险因素（OR=1.444;95% CI 1.032~2.020;P<0.05）;生存曲线分析显示FBLIM1高表达的胶质瘤病人中位总生存期较低表达病人明显缩短（P<0.05）。结论 胶质瘤FBLIM1呈高表达,与病人生存预后不良相关。     

HOXC10在人脑胶质瘤中的表达及其与病人预后的关系

目的 探讨同源框C10（HOXC10）在人脑胶质瘤组织中的表达及其与病人预后的关系。方法 选取2013年6月至2018年4月手术切除的胶质瘤组织106例和2018年4月至2019年6月颅脑损伤内减压术中切除的正常脑组织30例,SP法免疫组织化学染色检测HOXC10的表达水平。Cox比例回归风险模型分析总生存期（OS）和无进展生存期（PFS）的影响因素。生存曲线分析HOXC10表达水平与OS和PFS的关系。结果 高级别胶质瘤组织HOXC10表达水平明显高于低级别胶质瘤组织（P<0.001）,而低级别胶质瘤组织又明显高于正常脑组织（P<0.001）。多因素Cox比例回归风险模型分析显示,WHO分级Ⅲ~Ⅳ级、术后未化疗和HOXC10高表达是胶质瘤病人OS和PFS较短的独立影响因素（P<0.05）。HOXC10高表达组病人中位OS为38个月（四分位间距28~42个月）,中位PFS为26个月（四分位间距22~45个月）;HOXC10低表达组中位OS为47个月（四分位间距36~54个月）,中位PFS为48个月（四分位间距44~53个月）。HOXC10低表达组OS和PFS均明显高于高表达组（P<0.05）。结论 人脑胶质瘤组织HOXC10表达水平明显增高,与不良生存预后和肿瘤进展有关     

Predicting seizure frequency after epilepsy surgery

OBJECTIVE: To identify clinical features related to seizure frequency after epilepsy surgery in patients with recurrent seizures. BACKGROUND: No studies have examined the differences between patients who have rare seizures and patients who experience frequent seizures after epilepsy surgery. Since seizure frequency correlates with morbidity and quality of life, it is desirable to know which preoperative clinical features predict postoperative seizure frequency. METHODS: Patients with recurrent seizures were placed in two categories: rare postoperative seizures (< or =2 per year) and frequent postoperative seizures (> or =12 per year) using seizure frequency in the second postoperative year. Variables included preoperative seizure frequency, age of first risk, age at first seizure, epilepsy duration, age at surgery, history of febrile convulsions, tonic-clonic seizures, status epilepticus, or family history, IQ, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET). Variables were analyzed using non-parametric tests to assess relationship to postoperative seizure frequency. RESULTS: Of 475 patients who had epilepsy surgery, 111 had rare or frequent seizures in the second postoperative year. After anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL), age of first risk< or =5 years and presence of mesial temporal sclerosis on MRI were associated with rare seizures (66% of patients), whereas lack of these risk factors was associated with frequent seizures (75% of patients) (p<0.03). For non-ATL operations, preoperative seizure frequency of > or =20 seizures per month was associated with frequent postoperative seizures (p=0.03). No other variables influenced outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Some preoperative clinical features correlate with postoperative seizure frequency in patients with recurrent seizures after epilepsy surgery. This has implications for the surgical decision making process and early postoperative management.