睡眠性癫癎患者动态脑电图的研究

目的探讨睡眠性癫疒间患者的24h动态脑电图(AEEG)的表现及其诊断价值。方法对91例仅于睡眠中发作癫疒间的患者进行AEEG检查,并对检查结果进行分析。结果AEEG发现疒间性放电71例(78.0%),其中4例出现于清醒状态,41例出现于睡眠状态,26例清醒和睡眠时均有放电;在67例睡眠时有疒间性放电的患者中,34例仅出现在浅睡期,33例整个睡眠中均出现疒间性放电。清醒时有癫疒间波的患者癫疒间发作频率明显高于无异常放电患者和仅睡眠时有疒间性放电的患者(均P<0.05)。结论睡眠中癫疒间发作患者于睡眠中疒间性放电出现率明显高于白天清醒时。AEEG容易发现睡眠性癫疒间患者的发作期和发作间歇期以及自然睡眠状态下的疒间样波。     

额叶癫痫患者动态脑电图与过度换气脑电图放电规律探讨

目的 了解动态脑电图(AEEG)中睡眠中放电与过度换气脑电图(EEG)的放电规律.方法 评估65例额叶癫痫患者AEEG与过度换气EEG的痫性放电特点.结果 过度换气中发现痫性放电率明显低于AEEG中浅睡眠期(非快速眼动相1,2期)EEG,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而与AEEG中清醒期和深睡眠期(非快速眼动相3,4期)比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 额叶癫痫患者AEEG中浅睡眠期痫性放电率明显高于过度换气EEG,对额叶癫痫患者进行睡眠AEEG检测,有助于提高痫性放电的诊断率.     

动态脑电图监测对癫痫诊断的价值

目的:探索24小时动态脑电图对癫痫诊断的价值。方法:对225例临床确诊为癫痫的AEEG诊断行回顾性分析。结果:AEEG与EEG的异常率及病样放电检出率均有非常显著性差异(P<0.001)。AEEG描记中睡眠期痫样放电检出比清醒期增加15.6％。且57.8％出现在NREMl-2期。睡眠纺锤波的缺如及减弱,对癫痫患者具有重要的脑电图意义。AEEG可以记录到癫痫发作起始时的波形变化。结论:AEEG对癫痫的诊断及治疗有重要作用。     

24小时动态脑电图监测对不典型癫痫的诊断价值

目的 探讨24小时动态脑电图（AEEG）监测对不典型癫痫的诊断价值。方法 对21例临床上疑似癫痫，但发作不典型的患者作24小时AEEG检测，并结合临床进行观察。结果 21例常规脑电图（REEG）均未见痫样放电，而AEEG可检测到多次阵发棘波，尖波，棘慢波综合，尖慢波综合等痫样放电，并经抗癫痫药均获得控制，故可诊断为癫痫。结论 24小时AEEG监测能帮助临床上诊断不典型的癫痫患者。     

114例特发性夜间额叶癫痫的临床及脑电图研究

目的 分析114例特发性夜间额叶癫痫(NFLE)患者的临床特征、脑电图和神经影像学表现、治疗效果及预后.方法 回顾性分析解放军总医院癫痫门诊自1999年6月至2007年1月收治的114例NFLE患者的临床资料.结果 NFLE以夜间成串的偏转性、姿势性强直及过度运动发作为最显著的临床特征;本组22.9%清醒发作间期常规脑电图及28%清醒发作间期动态脑电图可见额叶癫痫样放电,38%睡眠发作间期动态脑电图可见额叶癫痫样放电,66.7%发作期脑电图可见额叶癫痫样放电;79.8%药物治疗有效,其中29.7%可完全控制.结论 NTLE具有特征性的临床发作特点,发作期及发作间期脑电图改变阳性率不高,临床上应注意鉴别.额叶癫痫容易在夜间发作,睡眠腩电图对NFLE具有重要的诊断价值.     

动态脑电图监测对癫痫诊断和鉴别癫痫的意义

目的 探讨24小时动态脑电图（AEEG）对癫痫诊断和鉴别诊断的意义。方法 对235例临床诊断为癫痫及121例非癫痫性发作性疾病患者的AEEG资料进行回顾性分析。结果 癫痫组中AEEG与EEG的异常及癫样放电检出率均有非常显著性差异（P＜0．001）。癫痫组与非癫痫组之间AEEG异常率和痫样放电检出率均有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。AEEG描记中睡眠期痫样放电检出率比清醒期增加15．6％,且57．8％出现在非快速眼球运动睡眠（NREM）Ⅰ～Ⅱ期。结论 AEEG对癫痫诊断、鉴别诊断和指导治疗有重要作用。     

835例癫痫及发作性疾病动态脑电图分析

目的分析癫痫及发作性疾病患者的动态脑电图(ambulatory EEG monitoring,AEEG),探讨其在诊断和鉴别诊断的中的价值。方法对2010年7月~2014年6月间,本院住院、门诊中临床诊断为癫痫475例及发作性疾病360例患者进行动态脑电图监测并分析。结果癫痫组动态脑电图(AEEG)与常规脑电图(routing-EEG,REEG)比较痫样放电检出率和异常率均有显著差异(P0.01)。癫痫组与发作性疾病组比较痫样放电检出率和异常率均有显著差异(P0.01)。痫样放电多见于睡眠期,以非快速眼动睡眠Ⅰ-Ⅱ期(NREMⅠ-Ⅱ期)为主。在脑电图记录过程中,癫痫组有临床发作36例:5例仅在发作期可见痫样放电,发作间期未见痫样放电;31例两期均可见痫样放电。发作性疾病组有临床发作44例:2例仅发作期可见痫样放电,发作间期未见痫样放电;4例两期均可见痫样放电;其余均未见痫样放电,占86.4%。结论癫痫及发作性疾病患者AEEG检查痫样放电检出率优于REEG检查;在临床症状类似癫痫的发作性疾病中,AEEG及REEG痫样放电检出率只为8.6%及3.6%。因此,发作性疾病需要行AEEG检查,帮助鉴别诊断和确诊。     

颞叶癫痫病人睡眠EEG放电规律的探讨

目的：探讨颞叶癫痫患者昼与夜的脑电图痫样放电特点。方法：对２０例颞叶癫痫主同年龄、性别的对照组进行连续４８ｈＥＥＧ监测。就其临床发作频率、睡眠各期痫样放电的频率、时程进行分析。结果：ＥＥＧ监测期间共发生１３次临床发作。其中清醒时６次，睡眠中７次；２０例病人均检出痫样放电，１８例出现于清醒和睡眠时，１例仅出现于睡眠中，另一例仅出现于清醒时，痫样放电出现于非眼快动睡眠相（ＮＲＥＭ）１期１６例，２期１８     

300例癫痫及可疑癫痫患者AEEG分析

目的：对300例癫痫及可疑癫痫患者的24小时动态脑电图（AEEG）的应用价值进行了初步探讨。方法：使用北京明思公司SW－JH系列智能化脑电监护仪描记,并与普通脑电图（EEG）比较。结果：300例中EEG异常54例（18．OO％）,AEEG异常178例（59,33％）．AEEG病样放电检出率明显高于EEG。14例继发性癫痫患者中,EEG异常8例（57．14％）．AEEG异常10例（71．41％）,二者无显著性差异,（P＞0．05）。结论：AEEG在病样的放电检出上明显优于EEG,但有时AEEG也捕获不到门歇期的病样波;在继发性癫痫中,AEEG在病样波的检出上无明显优势,但AEEG可以记录到癫痫发作起始时的波形变化,对确定癫痫类型有重要意义。     

剥夺睡眠脑电图在癫痫诊断中的应用

目的分析睡眠脑电图（EEG）在癫痫诊断中的价值及适应证。方法对200例癫痫病人的睡眠及清醒脑电图进行研究。结果脑电图有异常爆发活动（PA）者80例,PA只在睡眠中出现者30例,痫样放电检出率由清醒的25％提高到睡眠的40％。结论睡眠脑电图对提高痫样放电的检出率和进一步明确癫痫发作类型有重要意义。     

动态脑电图在癫诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨动态脑电图在癫癎诊断中的应用价值.方法 记录169例临床拟诊癫癎患者的24h脑电活动,与常规脑电图检查进行对比.结果 动态脑电图癎样放电率(62.72%)及总异常率(86.98%)与常规脑电图比较差异有统计学意义(P均<0.01).睡眠期癎样放电率明显高于清醒期.结论 24h动态脑电图可提高癎样放电的检出率,对癫癎的诊断有重要应用价值.     

Tuesday July 4, 200615:00–17:00Ballroom 1Discussion Group SessionIs epileptic activity during sleep an ignored cause of neuropsychological disorders in children?

¹ D. Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenité (   ¹ University La Sapienza (Rome), Italy and University of Utrecht, Netherlands )
Epileptic activity can disturb cognition even when no clinical signs or symptoms are present. These short-lasting discharges of 10 seconds or less are called subclinical EEG-discharges and can occur during sleep or wakefulness. Not only are these discharges an expression of underlying brain dysfunction, but also they have themselves a negative effect on performance of tasks. Since 1939 research has been undertaken to unravel the impact of these subclinical discharges, either isolated and focal or long-lasting and generalised. It is by far easier to determine the direct impact of short lasting epileptiform discharges on cognition when the patient is awake than when asleep and most studies were performed even during evoked epileptiform discharges using hyperventilation or photic stimulation. The more complex the task, the more disturbance can be found. Individual differences are important and interaction between performance of the task and occurrence of epileptiform discharges complicates matters further.
Much more recently long-term follow-up studies have been undertaken in patients with rolandic and occipital epilepsy and those with epileptic activity during sleep to determine their cognitive evolution. Mainly transient deficits were found and these appeared to be correlated in time with worsening of the EEG in the active phase
Besides scientific purposes, insight into the various factors involved in cognitive impairment in patients with subclinical EEG-discharges is of practical importance.
Grant: European Cie–Marie Curie Actions.     

录像脑电图监测对发作性疾病的诊断价值

目的研究录像脑电图（VEEG）在癫痫的诊断、鉴别诊断和临床发作分型中的价值,探讨癫痫患者自然睡眠时相与样放电之间的关系。方法使用录像脑电图对93例发作性疾病患者进行长程脑电监测,记录清醒和睡眠时的脑电图,并作诱发试验,明确发作性质,确定癫痫的临床发作类型,并分析发作间期癫痫样放电的睡眠-觉醒时相分布。结果93例发作性疾病患者中有临床发作者51例,样放电者72例,结合病史、临床表现和EEG结果而诊断为癫痫71例,其中69例患者确定了临床发作类型,20例修正了临床发作类型;71例确诊为癫痫患者中有完整睡眠-觉醒周期者65例,觉醒期有样放电者49例,睡眠期有样放电者61例,其中NREMⅠ-Ⅱ期52例（85.2%）,NREMⅠ-Ⅳ期3例（4.9%）,NREWⅢ-Ⅳ期6例（9.9%）,REM期未见。结论VEEG检测有利于癫痫的诊断和确定临床发作分型,睡眠监测有助于样波的检出,睡眠期样放电主要出现于NREMⅠ-Ⅱ期。     

动态脑电图对癫痫诊断和鉴别诊断的探讨

目的：了解动态脑电图对癫痫诊断和鉴别诊断的意义。方法：用MB8000型8导激光动态脑电图记录仪对145例诊断为癫痫,可疑癫痫病人进行24h动态脑电图检查。结果：总异常率为524％,癫痫组异常62．4％,癫痫样放电出现率58．1％。可疑癫痫组异常34．6％,痫样放电出现率25.0%,两级之间有非常显著性差异（P＜0.001）。癫痫组与可疑癫痫组临床发作中所描记到的痫样放电出现率亦有非常显著性差异（P＜0.001）。痫样放电时间以睡眠期为主,占83、3%。结论：本文着重分析讨论了动态脑电图睡眠期的意义及对伪迹鉴别的体会,24h脑电图对癫痫的诊断和鉴别诊断明显优于常规脑电图,有着重要的临床意义。     

Comparative evaluation of sleep deprivation and sedated sleep EEGs as diagnostic aids in epilepsy

The comparative value of sedated sleep and sleep deprivation EEGs was investigated in a consecutive series of 43 patients who had received both types of activation study for diagnostic purposes. Patients were referred because of persisting doubt concerning either the diagnosis of epilepsy, or the type of epilepsy present in those with definite seizures. Forty-one had had routine waking EEGs, all of which were normal or only mildly abnormal. EEGs were rated without access to previous reports or clinical data, and epileptiform discharges (ED) were semiquantified during wakefulness and sleep. De novo precipitation of ED, increase in abundance of ED and discovery of a new independent focus or a new type of ED were taken as the yield of useful information. 44% of sleep deprivation records provided useful information compared to 14% of sedated sleep recordings (P less than 0.005). In addition, sleep deprivation was significantly superior to sedated sleep in differentiating those with a final clinical diagnosis of epilepsy from those with doubtful or no epilepsy (P less than 0.001). It is suggested that the usefulness of the interictal EEG in patients with uncertain epilepsy or epilepsy of unknown type is increased by performance of a diagnostic series to include routine waking, sedated sleep and sleep deprivation recordings.     

Interactions between sleep and epilepsy.

Sleep is one of the best-documented factors influencing the expression of seizures and interictal discharges. Janz studied the relation between seizures and the sleep/wake cycle and divided the epilepsies into three categories: nocturnal, awakening, and diffuse. Since then, the effect of sleep on the ictal and interictal manifestations of epilepsy has been studied extensively. Many seizures are activated by sleep or arousal from sleep. Interictal discharges are also seen more commonly during sleep, with the greatest activation seen during nonrapid eye movement sleep. Sleep not only increases the frequency of epileptiform abnormalities, but also may alter their morphology and distribution. Sleep deprivation also facilitates both epileptiform abnormalities and seizures. Seizures, on the other hand, also impact sleep. Epileptic patients demonstrate multiple sleep abnormalities, including an increased sleep latency, fragmented sleep, increased awakenings and stage shifts, and an increase in stages 1 and 2 of nonrapid eye movement sleep. These disturbances may in turn be modulated by antiepileptic treatment. This review summarizes the interactions between sleep and epilepsy, including the timing of seizures during the sleep/wake cycle, the influence of sleep on various seizure disorders, the effects of sleep deprivation, and the changes in sleep patterns caused by seizures and their treatment.     

24小时动态脑电图监测Tourette综合征癫痫样放电

目的：探讨Ｔｏｕｒｅｔｔｅ综合征（ＴＳ）癫痫样脑波的是临床意义。方法：利用动态脑电图仪对８６例ＴＳ患儿作２４小时监测。结果：８６例ＴＳ患儿中有１３例（１５．１％）监测到ＥＥＧ癫痫样放电。其中５例（６％）合并癫痫,８例（９．３％）无癫痫发作。结论：ＴＳ的癫痫样波一部分与癫痫有关,另一部分意义未明,可能遗传有关。