自身配对的锯齿状腺瘤与传统腺瘤临床病理特征的比较

目的探讨锯齿状腺瘤与传统腺瘤的癌变潜能的差异。方法 2007年4月～2009年9月经肠镜检出、并经病理检查证实、同时具有锯齿状腺瘤、管状腺瘤的病例。从腺瘤的临床特征（生长部位、直径大小、蒂部情况及异型增生程度）及免疫组化（β-连环蛋白、P53、Ki67）两个方面,比较两者差异。结果同时具有SA及TA的16例,男性13例,女性3例,年龄43～81岁,平均年龄62.9岁;2种腺瘤的部位分布、异型增生程度及直径大小无显著性差异,无蒂的SA明显多于TA,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;β-连环蛋白、P53、Ki67在2种腺瘤中表达水平无显著差异。结论同1个体的锯齿状腺瘤与传统腺瘤的临床病理特征无显著性差异。     

Flat Serrated Adenomas and Flat Tubular Adenomas of the Colorectal Mucosa: Differences in the Pattern of Cell Proliferation

In the present work we have investigated the cell proliferation pattern of flat serrated adenomas and flat tubular adenomas. For this purpose tissue sections from 23 consecutive flat serrated adenomas and 22 consecutive flat tubular adenomas of the colorcctal mucosa were challenged with MID1, a monoclonal antibody directed against a proliferation-related antigen. The results (including semi-quantitative studies) demonstrated that, whereas flat serrated adenomas had a high cell proliferation at the lower part of the crypts, flat tubular adenomas had a high cell proliferation in the upper part of the crypts. In serrated adenomas with invasive adenocarcinoma, high cell proliferation was demonstrated both at the lower portion of the crypts and in the subjacent submucosa. This suggests that the cells of the lower portion of the crypts in serrated adenomas are truely neoplastic, with the capacity to evolve into invasive growth. The difference in cell proliferation betweeen the two types of flat lesions reported here is a new argument in favor of the classification of flat serrated adenomas as a novel and independent type of neoplastic change of the colorectal mucosa.     

多层螺旋CT血管造影三维重建技术在肝癌诊断中的应用

目的探讨多层螺旋CT血管造影三维重建技术在肝癌诊断中的应用价值。方法选择拟诊为肝癌患者81例作为研究对象,所有患者给予多层螺旋CT血管造影三维重建,记录造影参数,判断诊断价值。结果在81例患者中,病理诊断为肝癌67例,肝硬化14例,肝癌患者的BF值显著高于肝硬化患者,BV、TTS与TTP值显著低于肝硬化(P<0.05)。CT三维重建图像均可清晰所有患者的肝动脉,MIP、DSA、MPR/CPR重建方法显示肝血管有高度一致性,重建评分对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多层螺旋CT血管造影三维重建诊断肝癌的敏感性、特异性与准确性分别为95.5%、81.3%和95.1%。结论多层螺旋CT血管造影三维重建技术在肝癌诊断中的应用具有很高的诊断敏感性、特异性与准确性,可反映肝脏血流的灌注状况,可清晰肝脏血管结构。     

From traditional serrated adenoma to tubulovillous adenoma and beyond

It is well established that colorectal cancer develops from a series of precursor epithelial polyps, including tubular adenomas, villous/tubulovillous adenomas (VA/TVA), sessile serrated adenomas (SSA) and traditional serrated adenomas (TSA). Of these, TSAs are least common and account for only 5% of all serrated polyps. TSAs are characterised by the presence of a “pinecone-like” architecture, granular eosinophilic cytoplasm, luminal serrations, ectopic crypt foci (ECF) and elongated, pencillate nuclei. However, the distinct slit-like luminal serrations, reminiscent of small bowel mucosa, appear to be the most unique and reproducible feature to distinguish TSAs from other polyps. There is a contention that TSAs are not inherently dysplastic and that the majority do not show cytological atypia. Two types of dysplasia are associated with TSA. Serrated dysplasia is less well recognised and less commonly encountered than adenomatous dysplasia. In addition, it is now becoming increasingly evident that TSAs can be admixed with HP, SSA and VA/TVA. At a genetic level, polyps may switch phenotype as they accumulate genetic changes, evolving from a serrated pathway to a more conventional one, which could be the basis for a spectrum theory starting out with a TSA with serration and ECF evolving into a TSA with conventional dysplasia and, eventually, to a well-developed conventional adenoma. Nevertheless, there is an exigency for future studies to provide further illumination and bridge the gaps in our present understanding.     

老年大肠腺瘤恶变的临床病理分析

 目的 探讨老年大肠腺瘤恶变及其病理特点。方法 对185例老年大肠脉瘤患者进行分析,观察大肠腺瘤与恶变的关系。结果 老年大肠腺瘤恶变与腺瘤大小、部位、形态、数目、组织学类型及年龄等因素有关,与性别无关。结论 老年大肠腺瘤易恶变,对可疑恶变腺瘤做全瘤切除,术后密切而有规律随访。     

垂体ACTH腺瘤的放射治疗：附144例报告

１９７５－１９９０年共收治１４４例垂体ＡＣＴＨ腺瘤患者。根据患者不同的临床表现，而要用了垂体单纯化疗工肾上主垂体瘤术后加垂体放疗。照射使用＾６０钴远距离治疗机或直线加速器，总有效率为８１．９％。其中单纯垂体放疗与肾上腺及垂体瘤术后加垂体放疗二组间疗效并无明显差异。     

三维重建在单操作孔胸腔镜肺段切除术治疗早期非小细胞肺癌中的应用：一项倾向性评分匹配研究

目的 利用倾向性评分匹配（PSM）研究三维重建在单操作孔胸腔镜肺段切除术治疗早期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）中的价值。方法 回顾性分析150例行单操作孔胸腔镜肺段切除术的早期NSCLC患者的临床资料。根据术前是否行三维重建分为重建组（58例）和非重建组（92例）。对两组患者进行PSM,比较两组患者的围手术期结果。结果 两组患者均顺利完成手术,无围手术期死亡。通过对术前8个混杂因素（年龄、性别、吸烟史、BMI、CT肿瘤最大径、肿瘤位置、%FEV1和拟切除肺段类型）PSM后,两组各成功匹配43例患者。PSM后,与非重建组相比,重建组患者复杂肺段手术时间更短（155.77±30.17 min vs. 212.94±66.49 min, P<0.001）,术中出血量更少（46.00±25.94 ml vs. 88.79±68.36 ml, P=0.002）。结论 术前三维重建有助于提高单操作孔胸腔镜复杂肺段手术效率并减少术中出血。     

腮腺多形性腺瘤及癌在多形性腺瘤中PINK1和Parkin的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨腮腺多形性腺瘤(PA)和癌在多形性腺瘤(CA-EX-PA)中线粒体自噬相关基因PINK1和Parkin的表达情况及其临床意义.方法 免疫组织化学法检测24例腮腺正常组织标本、32例PA组织和42例CA-EX-PA组织中PINK1和Parkin的表达情况,并结合临床病理因素进行分析.结果 PINK1蛋白在正常腮...     

结直肠锯齿状腺瘤、传统腺瘤及结直肠癌中端粒酶、p53及Ki-67的表达比较

背景与目的：结直肠锯齿状腺瘤(serrated adenoma,SA)是2000年被WHO正式命名为独立的一种疾病,与传统腺瘤(traditional adenoma,TA)和结直肠癌(colorectal carcinoma,CRC)比较有其独特的性质。本研究通过对锯齿状腺瘤、传统腺瘤和结直肠癌组织中端粒酶、p53及Ki-67的免疫组化表达比较,探讨锯齿状腺瘤与普通腺瘤的恶性潜能异同及与大肠腺癌的关系。方法：运用免疫组化MaxVision法对37例锯齿状腺瘤、36例传统腺瘤,34例结直肠癌组织标本进行端粒酶、p53及Ki-67检测。结果：端粒酶在锯齿状腺瘤、传统腺瘤和结直肠癌组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),结直肠癌组阳性率高于锯齿状腺瘤组(P<0.05),锯齿状腺瘤组高于传统腺瘤组(P<0.01);Ki-67在锯齿状腺瘤与传统腺瘤两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),结直肠癌组的阳性率则明显高于锯齿状腺瘤和传统腺瘤组(P<0.01);结直肠癌组p53阳性率高于传统腺瘤组(P<0.01),传统腺瘤组高于锯齿状腺瘤组(P<0.01)。结论：端粒酶、p53及Ki-67检测显示：锯齿状腺瘤是一种具有较强活性的腺瘤,端粒酶的激活可能在其癌变过程中起一定作用。     

16例直肠腺瘤的CT影像分析

[目的]探讨直肠腺瘤的CT表现.[方法]对16例经病理证实的直肠腺瘤CT表现进行回顾性分析.[结果]16例腺瘤按病理类型分为绒毛状腺瘤,管状绒毛状腺瘤和管状腺瘤,其中8例恶变.CT征象如下:广基生长有8例,窄基带蒂生长的5例,环壁增厚的有4例;向腔内匍匐式或菜花状生长的有10例;占肠周径比率在1/3以下的9例;病灶与直肠壁相贴时留下通气的间隙7例,可作为直肠腺瘤的特征性表现.[结论]一般直肠腺瘤均具有典型的CT表现,术前明确的腺瘤的CT诊断对于手术方式有重要影响.     

Flat Serrated Adenomas of the Colorectal Mucosa

A total of 47 flat serrated neoplasias of the colorectal mucosa are presented: 44 were flat serrated adenomas and the remaining 3 flat serrated adenocarcinomas arising in flat serrated adenomas. These lesions were found among 600 flat mucosal lesions removed at colonoscopy during a 3-year period (1992 and 1994) at the Karolinska Hospital. Thirty-five of the 47 patients (74%) were males and the remaining 12 (26%), females. Depending upon the degree of cellular dysplasia within the epithelium, serrated adenomas were divided into those with low-grade dysplasia (LGD), when the dysplastic nuclei were present in the deeper half of the epithelium, and those with high-grade dysplasia (HGD), when the dysplastic nuclei were found even in the upper half of the epithelium. LGD was present in 37 (84.1%) of the 44 serrated adenomas and HGD in the remaining 7 (15.9%). Depending upon the topographic distribution of the dysplastic epithelium within the crypts, flat serrated adenomas were divided into type I, when the dysplastic epithelium was limited to the lower half of the serrated crypts, and type II, when the dysplastic epithelium was even present in the superficial half of the serrated crypts. Of the 44 serrated adenomas, 38 (86.1%) were type I and the remaining 6 (13.9%) type II. The dysplastic epithelium seemed to originate at the base of the crypts and to progress upwards, replacing the scalloped, serrated epithelium of the sides of the crypts. Invasive adenocarcinomas (i.e., with submucosal extension) were seen to arise from flat serrated adenomas with LGD type I (n=2) or with HGD type II ( n = 1). This preliminary survey suggests that flat serrated adenomas of the colorectal mucosa may be lesions with a propensity to evolve into invasive adenocarcinoma, irrespective of the degree of the epithelial dysplasia or of their extension along the crypts.     

Giant Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Nasal Septum

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign tumor of the salivary glands, mainly arising from major salivary glands such as parotis and submandibular gland. In rare cases, however, pleomorphic adenoma presents in various unusual sites such as the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, hypopharynx, pharynx, larynx, trachea and lacrimal glands. We present a rare case of 80-year-old woman with pleomorphic adenoma of the nasal cavity.     

溴隐亭治疗垂体腺瘤23例临床观察

溴隐亭治疗经ＣＴ或ＭＲＩ确诊的垂体腺瘤２３例。结果表明：①治疗前垂体微腺瘤和巨腺瘤血清泌乳素分别为１１７．７５±８６．５５和２６８．７３±１２５．５μｇ／Ｌ，两者差别有极显著性意义（ｐ＜０．０１）；②治疗后６０天，泌乳素水平均显著降低，分别为２３．６９±８．７４和８５．６２±２７．３５μｇ／Ｌ（户均＜０．００１），③巨腺瘤组血清睾酮也由３．４３±１．９４下降为２．６９±１．３２ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ明显差异（ｐ＜０．０５），④两组间妊娠率无统计学差别。资料提示血清中升高的泌乳素水平有助于垂体腺瘤的诊断，较大剂量的溴隐亭可降低血清睾酮。     

大肠腺瘤及其癌变的临床病理分析

目的探讨大肠腺瘤及腺瘤癌变与临床病理特征的关系。方法回顾性分析大肠腺瘤及癌变病例与腺瘤大小、解剖部位、外形、病理类型的关系。结果776例大肠腺瘤患者发生癌变者为42例,癌变率为5.4%,绒毛状腺瘤癌变率最高,管状腺瘤癌变率较低;直肠腺瘤癌变率均高于右半结肠(P<0.05);大肠腺瘤癌变率随着腺瘤的增大而升高,并且广基形腺瘤比长蒂形腺瘤更易癌变。大肠腺瘤的癌变率随异型增生程度的增高而增高(P<0.05)。结论大肠腺瘤癌变与腺瘤大小、解剖部位、外形、病理类型及腺瘤异型增生程度等因素有关。     

人垂体腺瘤细胞原代培养的纯化

背景与目的：较纯的人垂体腺瘤细胞对垂体腺瘤的生物学特性、病因、发病机制等的研究非常重要，本文探讨原代培养垂体腺瘤的细胞纯化方法。方法：采用三种原代培养方法对垂体腺瘤细胞进行培养，方法Ⅰ为目前常用的垂体瘤细胞培养方法，方法Ⅱ结合使用右旋颉氨酸（D-valine）替代左旋颉氨酸（L-valine）的DMEM D-valine培养液，方法Ⅲ采用反复贴壁法结合DMEM D-valine培养液培养。观察其细胞形态变化和生长特征。免疫组织化学染色法检测培养细胞生长激素（growth hormone，GH）、泌乳素（prolactin，PRL）的表达。结果：3种方法均能成功培养出垂体腺瘤细胞，呈圆形或椭圆形，其纯度随培养时间的延长逐渐下降，培养第20天其平均纯度分别为40％、46％、96％。方法Ⅲ明显高于方法Ⅰ和方法Ⅱ，差异具有显著性意义（P〈0．01）：腺瘤细胞分别呈GH、PRL阳性表达，成纤维细胞表达Ⅰ型胶原。结论：反复贴壁法结合DMEM D-valine培养液培养法可得到纯度达95％以上的人垂体腺瘤细胞，纯化后的细胞可分别呈GH和PRL阳性表达，为进一步研究人垂体腺瘤的发病机理、药物治疗和颅外移植等方面奠定了实验基础。     

垂体腺瘤术后低钠血症与癫痫的关系

背景与目的:垂体瘤术后发生癫痫的原因与脑水肿密切相关,本文旨在研究垂体瘤术后低钠血症与癫痫的关系。方法:对11例垂体瘤术后血钠水平进行监测,分别统计癫痫发作前24～12h、发作时的血钠值。按血钠值和血钠的变化幅度进行分组,组1血钠值≥125mmol/L,变化幅度≥15mmol/L;组2血钠值<125mmol/L,变化幅度<15mmol/L,用T和!2检验来分析癫痫与术后血钠的关系。结果:癫痫前24～12h血钠平均值与癫痫时血钠值的比较有统计学意义(P<0.001),血钠≥125mmol/L组与<125mmol/L组的血钠变化有统计学意义(P<0.035)。其他各组之间不具有统计学意义。结论:垂体瘤术后血钠紊乱者发生癫痫可能性大,其中变化幅度越大越易发生癫痫。垂体瘤术后血钠偏低是癫痫的诱发因素。     

Reconstruction of Breast Using A Laser Lithographic Model: A Case Report

A three-dimensional laser scanner enables the measurement of surface data from objects with no contact, both quickly and in three dimensions. A 40-year-old woman with a right breast cancer had undergone a simple mastectomy. The surface of the chest was then measured with the non-contact three-dimensional laser scanner. Using the mirror image of data obtained by the same system, a mask-like model of the breast was made using laser lithography technology. This model was used for reconstruction of the breast after mastectomy. It was effective in determining the position and form of the breast which was to be repaired.     

垂体促肾上腺皮质激素腺瘤的规范化诊疗

库欣综合征是由于多种原因引起的肾上腺皮质长期分泌过量皮质醇所产生的一组症候群,80％的库欣综合征是由于垂体促肾上腺皮质激素（adrenocorticotmpin,ACTH）腺瘤所引起的。对垂体ACTH腺瘤的规范化诊断、治疗以及密切的随访,是提高治愈率、改善患者生活质量的重要手段。     

垂体腺瘤诊断和治疗现状

垂体腺瘤是一种比较特殊的颅内肿瘤，既有肿瘤的性质，同时也有内分泌学特性。垂体腺瘤的危害主要有：垂体激素过量分泌，产生一系列代谢紊乱和脏器损害；肿瘤压迫使其它垂体激素低下，引起相应的靶腺功能低下：肿瘤压迫鞍区结构，导致相应功能严重障碍。其诊断和治疗也应从以上三方面考虑。核磁共振检查及内分泌激素测定是垂体腺瘤诊断的重要手段。近些年来，越来越多的人们认识到经蝶入路优于经颅入路。本文从垂体腺瘤诊断和治疗方面需要明确的几个问题予以概述：垂体腺瘤的早期诊断和治疗，垂体腺瘤诊断和治疗的规范化，疗效的评价，侵袭性垂体腺瘤以及垂体腺瘤放疗应注意的几个方面。     

立体定向照射所致脑损伤病理及靶区的三维重建研究

本实验采用常规病理、原位杂交、透射电镜方法 ,观察了使用旋转式头部γ -刀单次2 0 0Gy定点照射后 ,在不同时间 ,大鼠右侧尾状核头部靶区和靶周围区的病理改变 ,并使用计算机立体重建技术 ,对坏死靶区进行了三维立体重建。结果表明 :γ -刀照射后脑损伤病变经历急性水肿 (照射后即刻至 14天 )、坏死形成 ( 2 1天至 2个月 )、吸收 ( 3至 6个月 )、增生 ( 9至 12个月 ) 4个阶段 ;照射后 2小时血脑屏障通透性即开始增加 ,其程度在一定时间内与照射后生存时间呈正相关 ;血管内皮细胞和胶质细胞超微结构的改变先于神经元 ;照射引起TNF -α、IL - 1βmRNA表达增加 ,照射前给予地塞米松可以抑制其表达 ;重建的坏死靶区呈尖端向前的不规则空间构型 ,平均体积为 2 32 .2 7± 4 .60mm3。