国际科技合作在生物医学研究中的作用及建议

生物医学研究领域是国际科技合作中的重点领域,通过对中国医学科学院“十五”以来国际科研合作成果的分析,说明了国际科技合作对于促进生物医学研究领域发展的重要作用,并结合个人工作经验提出开展国际合作应遵循的基本原则。     

预防医学21世纪的发展趋势浅谈

科学发展到今天,学科和学科领域之间的综合交叉在不断扩展和深化,许多最富生命力的边缘学科知识已经突破传统的学科界线。在任何一个学科都已不能孤立存在和发展的条件下,对学科前沿和发展趋势的判断,对学科领域之间相互作用教学的认识协调教学的建立,对影响和带动学科发展的重要领域的把握,都需要以更广阔的眼光去观察,这已不是哪一个专业的某个科学家个人力所能及。 预防医学是从医学中分化出来的一个独立的学科群。它以人类群体为研究对象,应用生物医学、环境医学和社会医学的理论,宏观与微观结合的方法,研究疾病发生与分布规律以及影响健康的各种因素,制定预防对策和措施,达到预防疾病,促进健康和提高生命质量的目的。 21世纪以来,预防医学随着经济开发,科学进步又有了很     

21世纪医学发展战略学术研讨会征文通知

21世纪是以生命科学和生物医学科技为主导的新世纪。为适应我国经济体制、医疗卫生改革、环境条件、人口结构、疾病防治、卫生需求和医疗模式的历史性转变 ,加强现代医学研究 ,积极跟踪世界医学领域的先进科技 ,总结交流经验 ,提高医学科学和医疗卫生保健技术水平 ,中华医学会湖南分会、中国医师杂志社定于 2 0 0 0年 8月在长沙召开 2 1世纪医学发展战略学术研讨会 ,会议期间将请著名医学科学与管理专家做专题讲座 ,现将征文有关事项通知如下 :1 征文内容 :⑴医学科技的发展趋势及我国的发展战略 ;⑵医学模式的转变探讨及医院改革的反思与探…     

21世纪医学发展战略学术研讨会征文通知

21世纪是以生命科学和生物医学科技为主导的新世纪。为适应我国经济体制、医疗卫生改革、环境条件、人口结构、疾病防治、卫生需求和医疗模式的历史性转变 ,加强现代医学研究 ,积极跟踪世界医学领域的先进科技 ,总结交流经验 ,提高医学科学和医疗卫生保健技术水平 ,中华医学会湖南分会、中国医师杂志社定于 2 0 0 0年 8月在长沙召开 2 1世纪医学发展战略学术研讨会 ,会议期间将请著名医学科学与管理专家做专题讲座 ,现将征文有关事项通知如下 :1 征文内容 :⑴医学科技的发展趋势及我国的发展战略 ;⑵医学模式的转变探讨及医院改革的反思与探…     

江苏省生物医学优先发展方向及措施初探

21世纪是生命科学世纪已成为科学家们的共识,生物医学作为生命科学的最重要部分,对人类生存环境和生活方式产生广泛而深远的影响正日益凸显。江苏省作为经济大省和人口大省,要持续发展,必须掌握科学发展的前沿并明确今后一个时期科学发展的主流和方向。在生物医学领域必须把握世界生物医学发展趋势,结合本省实际情况,迅速确立生物医学的重点地位和优先发展领域,以此形成生物医学迅速发展的态势。     

21世纪医学发展的展望

世纪医学的发展依然取决于整个现代科学的发展,未来医学上突破性的进展有赖于与其它学科的交叉与结合。21世纪将是生物医学的世纪,但生物医学成果的取得,不仅取决于生物学家与医学家的努力,而且,甚至更大程度上,取决于数学、物理学、化学、计算器技术等的发展以及与生物医学的结合。21世纪的医学一定会越来越重视有关复杂系统的研究。随着人类基因组学与蛋白质组学研究的不断深入,人体复杂系统的组成组件将得到足够的信息量,加上数学与计算器技术的进一步发展,复杂系统研究方法上的突破,人们将有可能在人体与细胞复杂系统研究方面取得突破性的进展,随之将使医学得到一次新的飞跃。     

上海市生物医学工程学会召开2011年学术年会

上海市生物医学工程学会于2011年9月27日假座上海市科学会堂召开2011年学术年会。会议由学会副理事长汪源源教授与学术部长严壮志教授主持，学会理事长徐学敏教授致辞。会议邀请生物医学工程学科院士、专家就当前生物医学工程学中的前沿和热点领域作专题报告。中国工程院院士、中华口腔医学会名誉会长邱蔚六教授作“2010科技进展启示”报告。他就国内外2010年科技如人造单细胞生物、下一代基因组学、衰老与基因原因、干细胞与组织工程、导航外科与机器人外科等方面进行了讨论。同时，对医学模式、学术论文、创新品的再认识与创新人才的培养等科技人文进展进行点评。最后对当今世界科技创新的趋势，特别是学科交叉与“大科学”时代进行初步探讨。     

生物医学新技术与仪器发展及在毒理学应用的展望

随着科学技术的进步,尤其是近十年来生命科学、医学与分子生物学新技术的迅速发展,加上微电子与计算机科学、信息科技和精密仪器等高新技术的发展成果在生物医学技术中的大量应用,对毒理学领域的研究和发展产生重大的影响。很多新技术和新方法在毒理学的研究和检测技术中也得到应用,同时也促进了毒理学研究方法的改良和创新。现就目前的生物医学新技术及新仪器在毒理学研究中的应用与发展作一简述。1生物医学新技术对毒理学实验研究和检测技术的影响在生命科学、基础医学以及各相关学科的迅猛发展中,高新技术大量应用,各种新型的自动化仪器…     

医学博士生的综合素质与医学科技创新

２１世纪即将来临，现代技术在高速度、高起点、短周期、综合化和大科学体系中发展。这些特征在医学发展上尤显突出，现代医学发展已出现了新的趋势，即分子生物学将成为带头学科，生物技术和生物医学工程将成为医学的主导技术，从而带动了医学各领域的发展，加速了预防、...     

国际知识产权研究的学科交叉特征分析 ——基于期刊学科分类的视角

借助科学计量学方法和信息可视化工具进行学科交叉特征研究,以国际知识产权论文所属期刊学科分类（Web of Science Category）为数据基础,借助信息可视化工具CiteSpace3.1.R3,通过期刊学科领域共现分析,绘制学科交叉共现图谱,展示了国际知识产权研究领域的学科交叉特征及其发展态势、展示了各个时期主导学科的重点研究方向、学科领域间的关联程度、揭示其核心领域及相邻领域。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.