汶川地震1年后北川干部创伤后应激症状及其与焦虑抑郁的关系

目的探讨汶川地震1年后北川干部创伤后应激症状及其与焦虑抑郁状况的关系。方法采用焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表、PCL-C对北川县事业单位的2055名干部进行调查。结果①1341人(65.3%)再体验症状阳性,780人(38.0%)回避/麻木症状阳性,1076人(52.4%)警觉性增高症状阳性,695人(33.8%)三大症状均呈阳性。②北川干部SAS总粗分(37.22±9.20)高于中国常模(29.78±10.07),有差异显著性(P<0.001);③SDS总粗分(41.97±8.30)与标准分(52.47±10.37)均高于国内常模(33.46±8.55,41.88±10.57),有差异显著性(P<0.001);④PCL、SDS、SAS得分在受教育程度、亲人遇难、房屋倒塌、身体受伤方面均存在差异显著性;⑤PCL-C总分及各分量表得分与SDS标准分、SAS标准分均显著正相关(P<0.001)。结论汶川地震发生1年后,北川干部创伤后应激症状、焦虑症状、抑郁症状仍广泛存在,其中丧失明显者更为显著,而且创伤后应激症状常共病抑郁等其他心理问题。提示,在干预创伤后应激症状时,应同时改善合病的抑郁等状况。     

四川省安县灾民地震后1个月的精神状况初步调查

目的 了解四川汶川地震灾后1个月时安县灾民的精神健康状况.方法 以四川省安县地震灾民点的1090名重灾民为调查对象,采用心理健康自评问卷(SRQ)为调查的筛选问卷,以DSM-Ⅳ-TR轴Ⅰ障碍定式临床检查病人版(SCID-I/P)中有关抑郁和焦虑障碍的章节为诊断工具,以SRQ 20项总分≥7分时为高危人群,<7分为低危人群,对部分高危人群进行SCID-I/P检查,并对低危人群进行SClD-I/P抽查.结果 501人(45.96%)sRQ<7分,589人(54.04%)sRQ≥7分,显示灾民出现明显的焦虑、抑郁及躯体症状.且女性在多数条目上明显高于男性(P(0.05或|P<0.001).地震后1个月灾民与地震有关的精神障碍发生率为31.94%,男性18.22%,女性40.70%:20岁以下发生率13.46%,21～40岁36.82%,41～60岁34.04%,61岁以上32.37%.其中创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)发生率15.54%,急性应激障碍(ASD)发生率4.76%,抑郁症发生率9.05%.结论 地震灾后所致的应激相关障碍发生率较高,部分伴有抑郁和焦虑障碍.     

绵阳地区领导干部心理健康状况调查

目的了解绵阳地区领导干部心理健康状况。方法采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)及自制的绵阳地区领导干部心理需求开放式问卷,对绵阳市2016年参加市委党校培训递进班和主体班的360名领导干部的焦虑、抑郁情况以及心理需求进行调查。结果根据SAS和SDS总评分评定为轻度焦虑和轻度抑郁的分别为126人(35.00%)和67人(18.61%)。SAS总评分69分有28人(7.78%),SDS总评分72分有46人(12.78%),其中重度抑郁合并重度焦虑26人(7.22%)。40岁以上和40岁以下的中重度抑郁症状者分别为116人(36.71%)和14人(31.82%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 40岁以上领导干部存在中重抑郁症状的比例高于其他年龄组。     

地震灾后幸存者心理健康状况调查

目的探索地震灾后幸存者“窗口期”心理健康状况,为地震后心理干预提供参考。方法采用SCL-90量表、社会支持评定量表、事件冲击量表（IES-R）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）、汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD24）对64例灾后幸存者进行测评。结果（1）幸存者SCL-90量表总分及躯体化、焦虑、抑郁、恐怖因子分较常模明显增高;（2）幸存者HAMA评分〉14者22例,占32.8%;HAMD评分〉20分16例,占25.0%;IES-R评分〉19分16例,占25.0%;（3）符合DSM-Ⅳ创伤后应激障碍（病程〉1个月）诊断者共10例,相对于非PTSD者,在性别、职业、有无躯体损伤、SCL-90量表总分等方面存在显著性差异。结论地震灾后幸存者心理创伤广泛,值得关注。     

首发精神分裂症患者亲属的心理状况及干预效果探讨

目的　探讨首发精神分裂症患者亲属的心理状况及干预效果。方法　对 5 0例首发精神分裂症患者亲属采用精神症状自评量表 (SCL - 90 )、焦虑自评量表 (SAS)及抑郁自评量表 (SDS)进行测评 ,并根据测评存在的心理问题给予干预。结果　首发精神分裂症患者亲属SCL - 90、SAS、SDS评分明显高于国内常模 ,存在明显的焦虑抑郁情绪 ,男女之间差别不明显 ,经心理干预 ,以及随着患者病情改善 ,患者亲属SAS、SDS评分也随之下降。结论　首发精神分裂症患者亲属存在着不同程度心理问题 ,应主动做好他们的心理干预 ,提高他们的心理承受能力 ,减轻心理应激反应。     

首发女精神分裂症患者父母的心理状况及健康教育

目的 探讨父母在女儿患精神分裂症后的心理状况及健康教育的效果.方法 对住院的首发女精神分裂症患者的98位父母采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）和自编的定式调查表进行测评,并根据测评存在的心理问题给予健康教育.结果 多数精神分裂症患者的父母存在明显的焦虑及抑郁情绪,经健康教育后她们的SAS和SDS评分随之下降.结论 针对患者父母的心理问题,应主动做好她们的健康教育工作,提高她们的心理承受能力.     

首发精神分裂症患者父母的心理状况及干预

目的探讨首发精神分裂症患者父母的心理卫生状况.方法对112例患者父母采用精神症状自评量表(SCL-90)及焦虑自评量表(SAS)抑郁自评量表(SDS)进行测评,并根据测评存在的心理问题给予不同层次干预.结果首发精神分裂症父母存在明显焦虑抑郁情绪,SCL-90、SAS、SDS评分明显高于国内常模.母亲不良情绪反应较父亲重,经心理干预改变观念,及病人病情逐渐好转后,患者父母SAS、SDS评分也随之下降.结论首发精神分裂症父母存在着不同程度心理问题,应主动做好他们的心理干预,提高他们的心理承受能力,减轻心理应激反应程度.     

上海市宝山监狱警察心理状况调查

目的了解宝山监狱警察的心理状况及其相关因素。方法采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）、症状自评量表（SCL-90）对宝山监狱内156例狱警进行心理状况的调查。结果狱警焦虑量表总分、症状自评量表总分及各项因子分（人际关系除外）均高于常模（P〈0.001）。焦虑、抑郁及共患率分别为17.3%,15.4%,12.2%;多元回归发现症状自评量表总分与其是否感到职业受到社会歧视及较低学历有相关。结论监狱警察的心理卫生状况值得关注,有必要对重点人群进行心理干预。     

精神病患者康复期焦虑、抑郁反应调查及心理护理干预

目的 探讨康复期精神病患者的心理状态,焦虑、抑郁反应的发生率及心理护理干预方法.方法 采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)及焦虑自评量表(SAS)抑郁自评量表(SDS),对康复期精神病患者进行调查,随机抽取在本院住院治疗的康复期患者68例为调查对象,对出院1年内的患者做随访调查,并与正常人群进行对照.结果 康复期患者SCL-90阳性数目数、抑郁、焦虑及悲观因子分均高于对照组.康复期患者焦虑发生率为80%,抑郁发生率为65%.针对康复期患者出现的焦虑、抑郁情绪,实行针对性的心理护理干预.结论 通过针对性的心理护理干预,可明显缓解患者的焦虑抑郁情绪,提高患者的健康水平和生活质量.     

围产期妇女焦虑、抑郁调查

目的:了解孕产妇分娩前后焦虑、抑郁症状的发生率及变化特点. 方法:应用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)和生活事件量表(LES),对49例孕妇在孕35～40周、分娩后1周、4周和12周进行评估. 结果:4个时点SAS的焦虑发生率分别为10.2%、12.2% 、10.2%和6.1%;EPDS的抑郁发生率为8.2%、12.2%、4.1%和8.2%;SDS 4个因子分在分娩后持续下降.大专及以上文化者某些量表评分显著低于大专以下文化者. 结论:孕产妇在孕晚期和分娩后都有一定比例的焦虑和抑郁症状.     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Efficacy and Effectiveness of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy

Decades of intervention research have produced a rich body of evidence on the effects of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies with children and adolescents. Here we summarize and critique that evidence. We review findings bearing on the efficacy of psychosocial treatments and medications under controlled experimental conditions. We also report evidence, where available, on the effectiveness of both classes of treatment with clinically referred youth treated in real-world clinical contexts. In general, the large body of evidence on efficacy contrasts sharply with the small base of evidence on effectiveness. Addressing this gap through an enriched research agenda could contribute importantly to linking scientific inquiry and clinical practice—to the benefit of both ventures. This is one element of a multifaceted agenda for future research and for synthesis of research, which will require the interplay of multiple disciplines related to child and adolescent mental health.     

Presence and severity of anorexia and bulimia among male and female Omani and non-Omani adolescents

OBJECTIVE: The population of Oman is a heterogeneous mix of nationalities providing a natural setting for studying the cross-cultural differences in the presence and severity of eating disorders as well as an opportunity for evaluating the performance of measurement instruments for these disorders. METHOD: Disordered eating screening instruments (the Eating Attitude Test and the Bulimic Investigatory Test) were administered to Omani teenagers, non-Omani teenagers, and Omani adults. RESULTS: On the Eating Attitude Test, 33% of Omani teenagers (29.4% females and 36.4% males) and 9% of non-Omani teenagers (7.5% of males and 10.6% females) showed a propensity for anorexic-like behavior. On the Bulimic Investigatory Test, 12.3% of Omani teenagers showed a propensity for binge eating or bulimia (13.7% females and 10.9% males). Among the non-Omani teenagers, 18.4% showed a tendency toward bulimia, with females showing a slightly greater tendency than males. In contrast, barely 2% of Omani adults showed either a presence of or a severity of disorderly behavior with food. CONCLUSION: Omani teenagers scored significantly higher than other ethnic groups and Omani adults. This finding is discussed in the light of emerging evidence from many parts of the world suggesting that cultural transition, compounded by demographic constraints, plays a significant role in abnormal eating attitudes.     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

Abstract

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Micro-affirmations and Recovery for Persons with Mental Health and Alcohol and Drug Problems: User and Professional Experience-Based Practice and Knowledge

Recurrent factors contributing to a recovery process from co-occurring mental health and addiction problems mentioned by users and professionals have been analyzed as part of working alliances and helpful relationships. Still, we lack knowledge about how helpful relationships are developed in daily practice. In this article, we focus on the concrete construction of professional helpful relationships. Forty persons in recovery and fifteen professionals were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed according to thematic analysis, resulting in three themes presented as paradoxes (1) My own decision, but with the help of others; (2) The need for structures and going beyond them; and (3) Small trivial things of great importance. Micro-affirmations have a central role in creating helpful relationships by confirming the individuals involved as more than solely users or professionals. More attention and appreciation should be paid to practices involving micro-affirmations.

     

Opiate and digitalis receptor assays distinguish between neuroexcitant and inactive organochlorines and between anesthetics and convulsants

Specific binding of [3H]naloxone to rat brain tissue in vitro was inhibited by the excitant organochlorinated insecticides (OCI), by ether (E) and octanol (OCT), and by the convulsant indoklon (IND) and its anesthetic isomer, isoindoklon (ISO). In the presence of 100 mM NaCl the inhibition of naloxone binding by E, OCT and ISO was greatly potentiated, whereas that by OCI and IND was attenuated. KCl (100 mM) was equally effective as NaCl on the action of anesthetics, but the effect of the excitant drugs was, in contrast to NaCl, unaffected by KCl. Specific binding of [3H]ouabain in the absence of Na, was depressed by anesthetics and enhanced by neuroexcitants. In the presence of NaCl, which by itself inhibits ouabain binding to brain, both anesthetics and excitants enhanced ouabain binding. DDE, a non-insecticidal analog of DDT, and the dimethyl derivative of the OCI, lindane, were inactive in the receptor assays. These observations point to a unique isolated system which responds consistently to anesthetic agents as a class and, in a different way, to neuroexcitant compounds.