发作期哮喘患者外周血T细胞亚群、B细胞和NK细胞的变化及临床意义

目的：探讨发作期哮喘患者外周血T细胞亚群、B细胞和NK细胞变化及临床意义。方法：采用直接免疫荧光法,用流式细胞术检测30例发作期哮喘患者和30例正常人对照的T细胞亚群、B细胞和NK细胞的变化。结果：与正常对照组比较,发作期哮喘患者CD4^＋T细胞、CD19^＋B细胞和CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值显著增高（P〈0．01）,CD8^＋T细胞显著下降（P〈0．01）和CD56^＋CD16^＋NK细胞下降（P〈0．05）。CD3^＋T细胞无明显变化。结论：发作期哮喘患者的免疫功能紊乱在哮喘发病中起着重要作用。     

T淋巴细胞亚群检测在呼吸系统性疾病的诊断价值

目的：探讨T淋巴细胞亚群检测在呼吸系统性疾病的诊断价值。方法：采用流式细胞术对呼吸系统性疾病和正常健康人体内淋巴细胞亚群检测,并通过检测数据分析其淋巴细胞亚群功能变化。结果：①肺结核组、肺炎组和肺癌组的CD3^＋、CD3^＋CD4^＋及T4／T8比值水平均明显低于正常对照组,差异均有极显著变化（P〈0．01）,而CD3^＋CD8^＋水平明显高于正常对照组,差异有极显著变化（P〈0．01）;②肺结核组、肺炎组与肺癌组T淋巴细胞亚群比较：CD3^＋、CD3^＋CD4^＋及T4／T8比值水平均明显高于肺癌组,差异均有极显著变化（P〈0．01）,而CD3^＋CD8^＋水平明显低于肺癌组,差异有极显著变化（P〈0．01）;③肺结核组与肺炎组比较：CD3^＋、CD3^＋CD4^＋、CD3^＋CD8^＋及T4／T8比值水平无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论：T淋巴细胞亚群参与了呼吸系统性疾病（肺结核、肺炎和肺癌）的病理过程,在其呼吸系统性疾病的发生、发展中起着十分重要的作用。因此,监测呼吸系统性疾病患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群,可对肺结核和肺炎患者的疗效作出评估和免疫增强提供理论依据,对肺癌患者的辅助免疫治疗支持参照。     

重肌灵片对ⅡA型重症肌无力外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-4、TGF-β水平的影响

目的：探讨重肌灵片对重症肌无力（MG）患者的细胞免疫调节机制。方法：将60例MG患者随机分为治疗组30例、对照组30例，治疗组服用重肌灵片及泼尼松模拟片；对照组服用泼尼松片及重肌灵模拟片，疗程12周。应用流式细胞仪检测重症肌无力患者治疗前后外周血T淋巴细胞亚群分布的变化情况；ELISA法测定患者外周血单个核细胞培养上清液中细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-4和TGF-B的水平。结果：两组患者治疗后CD4^＋T细胞百分率、CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值均有明显下降，治疗组CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值与对照组比较有显著差异（P〈0．05）。治疗组治疗后CD8^＋T细胞百分率明显增加，与治疗前比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05），而对照组治疗后CD8^＋T细胞百分率无明显变化（P〉0．05）。与治疗前比较，治疗组治疗后IFN—γ、IL-4水平降低（P〈0．01），TGF-β水平升高（P〈0．01），而对照组三者水平皆降低。结论：通过调节T淋巴细胞亚群比例分布以及IFN-γ、IL-4、TGF-β等细胞因子的分泌，可能是重肌灵片发挥免疫调节作用机制之一。     

淋巴结外恶性淋巴瘤外周血T淋巴细胞亚群与免疫指标测定分析

目的：检测原发性淋巴结外恶性淋巴瘤（Primary extranodal lymphoma，PENL）患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群比例和免疫球蛋白（Ig）水平的变化。方法：分别应用流式细胞术（FCM）和免疫速率比浊法测定T淋巴细胞亚群比例和免疫球蛋白（Ig）以及补体C3、C4含量。结果：PENL组CD3^＋、CD4^＋和CD8^＋明显降低（P〈0．01），原发性结性恶性淋巴瘤（结性组）CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值和NK细胞比较其他两组有显著意义（P〈0．01）；提示PENL组、结性组中CD3^＋、CD4^＋和NK细胞与IgA、IgG、C3比较有显著的相关性（P〈0．01）。结论：结外恶性淋巴瘤患者免疫功能的改变，在其发病机制中的作用不容忽视，可以作为病情进展的免疫学指标。     

乙型肝炎患者外周血单核细胞CD14^＋CD16^＋亚群及HLA-DR的检测及其意义

目的：通过检测乙型肝炎患者外周血单核细胞各亚群分布情况以及HLA—DR表达水平,探讨慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血中CD14^＋CD16^＋单核细胞及HLA-DR的表达特点,以及与疾病进程之间的关系。方法：利用流式细胞仪（FCM）检测50例慢性乙型肝炎患者,其中21例免疫耐受（IT）患者、29例免疫活化（IA）患者,及31例正常人外周血CD14、CD16、HLA—DR的表达。同时调查肝功能、乙肝五项和血清HBVDNA等相应临床资料。结果：免疫活化组（IA）的CD14^＋CD16^＋亚群比率明显高于正常对照组和免疫耐受组（IT）（P〈0．01）;单核细胞CD14^＋CD16^＋亚群HLA．DR表达明显高于CD14^＋CD16^＋亚群（P〈0．01）;乙型肝炎患者CD14^＋CD16^＋单核细胞比率与ALT呈正相关（r=0．876,P〈0．01）,与HBVDNA载量成负相关（r=-0．267,P〈0．01）。结论：CD14^＋CD16^＋单核细胞可能在乙型肝炎患者外周血中参与调节针对HBV的免疫反应,CD14^＋CD16^＋单核细胞与HBV复制和肝脏炎症之间存在相关性,因此检测单核细胞CD14^＋CD16^＋亚群及HLA-DR水平对于了解乙型肝炎患者疾病进程具有重要的临床应用价值。     

护肝合剂对慢性乙型肝炎患者PBMC功能的影响

目的观察护肝合剂对慢性乙型肝炎患者肝功能、外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）功能的影响。方法治疗组50例．在一般治疗的基础上加用护肝合剂，对照组15例用甘草酸二胺氯化钠溶液、门冬氨酸鸟氨酸、灯盏花素等进行一般治疗。分离培养治疗前后外周血单核细胞，加入植物血凝素（PHA），培养48h后，1500r／min离心10min，收集上清液-20℃保存，统一检测IFN-y，IL-10含量。采用流式细胞仪检测治疗前后外周血CD8^＋CD28^＋T细胞亚群。结果治疗组谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST），黄疸指数（TBIL）复常率均明显优于对照组（P〈0．05，P〈0．01，P〈0．01）。治疗组治疗后IFN-y显著升高（P〈0．05），IL-10显著下降（P〈0．05），对照组升高不显著（P〉0．05）。CD8^＋CD28^＋T细胞亚群治疗组较对照组显著升高（P〈0．05），且治疗组治疗前后亦显著升高（P〈0．05）。结论护肝合剂能够改善肝功能，提高慢性乙型肝炎患者Th1细胞免疫。     

休克期大面积切痂对严重烧伤大鼠细胞免疫功能影响的研究

目的 观察休克期大面积切痂对严重烧伤大鼠细胞免疫功能的影响，探索改善烧伤后机体免疫功能紊乱的有效方法。方法 将大鼠分成休克期切痂组（A组）、常规切痂组（B组）和正常对照组（C组）。A、B组造成30％TBSAⅢ度烫伤，C组不烫伤。A组伤后第6h、B组伤后第4d切痂，并于伤后第1、5、9d各活杀10只，取材送检，观察其免疫指标的变化。结果 （1）A、B组与C组比较：A、B组烫伤大鼠各时相点CD3^＋T细胞变化不大（P〉0．05），但CD4^＋T细胞、CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值明显下降、CD8^＋T细胞增高（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。NK细胞活性明显下降（P〈0．05或P〈0.01），外周血CD25^＋T淋巴细胞表达及经活化后脾脏CD25^＋T淋巴细胞表达明显下降（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。（2）A组与B组比较：A组CD4^＋T细胞、CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值明显升高、CD8^＋T细胞降低（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），NK细胞活性明显升高（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），外周血CD25^＋T淋巴细胞表达及经活化后脾脏CD25^＋T淋巴细胞表达均明显升高（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论 （1）大鼠烫伤后细胞免疫状况发生了明显变化。（2）休克期切痂可以改善烫伤大鼠T淋巴细胞亚群分布，提高NK细胞活性，增加外周血CD25^＋T淋巴细胞的表达。提高经活化后脾脏CD25^＋T淋巴细胞数。从而改善烫伤大鼠伤后机体的细胞免疫功能。     

CD226在系统性红斑狼疮患者T淋巴细胞亚群上的表达

目的：研究CD226在SLE患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群上的表达，以阐明CD226抗原在SLE患者体内T细胞活化中作用以及与SLE发病的关系。方法：31例SLE患者和30例健康志愿者外周血单个核细胞，在体外培养72h后，三色荧光标记的单克隆抗体染色，利用流式细胞仪测定T细胞亚群细胞表面CD226抗原的表达。结果；SLE患者组的CD3^ 、CD4^ 、CD8^ T淋巴细胞上CD226^ 表达均高于正常对照组（P＜0．01）；活动期SLE组、静止期SLE组的CD3^ 、CD4^ 、CD8^ T细胞上CD226^ 表达均显著高于对照组（P＜0．01），而活动期与静止期患者之间T细胞亚群上CD226^ 表达则无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。SLE患者CD3^ 、CD4^ 、CD8^ T细胞CD226^ 抗原表达水平与SLEDAI之间无明显相关性（P＞0．05）。结论：SLE患者体内存在T细胞亚群异常活化；活动期、静止期SLET淋巴细胞CD226^＋表达均增高，CD226^ 可能参与了SLE的免疫发病。     

胃癌患者红细胞C3b受体与淋巴细胞免疫功能的相关性研究

目的：研究胃癌患者红细胞C3b受体（RBC-C3bR）与淋巴细胞免疫功之间的关系。方法：利用酵母菌花环试验、MTT法及克隆抗体致敏花环法对51例胃癌患者及30例正常人的RBC-C3bR、自然杀伤细胞（NK）活性及T淋巴细胞（TC）亚群进行测定。结果：胃癌患者RBC-C3bR阳性率、NK细胞杀伤活性、CD3^＋、CD4^＋、CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值均比正常对照组显著低下（P〈0．05、P〈0．01）。经统计学相关性分析显示，RBC-C3bR阳性率与CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值、NK细胞杀伤活性间呈正相关（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。结论：胃癌患者红细胞免疫功能与淋巴细胞免疫功能一样受到抑制，二者免疫功能密切联系、相互影响。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者抗病毒治疗前后外周血树突状细胞和淋巴细胞亚群的变化及意义

目的 分析慢性乙型肝炎患者拉米夫定抗病毒治疗前后外周血树突状细胞和淋巴细胞亚群变化。方法 对16例拉米夫定抗病毒治疗有效的慢性乙型肝炎患者动态观察48周，在治疗前、后对外周血单核细胞来源的树突状细胞进行体外培养，用流式细胞仪检测DC表面分子及淋巴细胞亚群水平，观察治疗前、后的变化。结果 16例患者中，11例治疗持续有效，未发生YMDD变异，5例发生变异。无变异组的慢性乙肝患者，治疗12周时，HLA—DR水平较治疗前降低（P〈0．05）；治疗48周时，CD80、CD40和CD1a与治疗前比明显提高（P〈0．05）而HLA—DR恢复至治疗前水平。变异组患者。治疗12周时，CD83及HLA—DR降低（P〈0．05）；治疗48周时，HLA-DR仍低于治疗前（P〈0．05）。无变异组患者，治疗12周时，CD4^＋T细胞、CD8^＋T细胞、NK细胞、CD19^＋B细胞和CD4^＋／CD8^＋T细胞比值均无明显变化；48周时，CD4^＋T细胞比例增高，NK细胞比例下降（P〈0．05）。而变异组患者的淋巴细胞亚群则无显著改变。结论 拉米夫定治疗持续有效组，DC表面共刺激分子CD80、CD40可随着HBV被长时间有效抑制而得到部分恢复，治疗过程中有DC表面的HLA-DR暂时降低，而后HLA—DR水平恢复和CD1a明显提高，同时外周血CD4^＋T细胞比例上升和NK细胞比例下降。而发生YMDD变异组。DC表面HLA—DR呈现持续性降低。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.     

A comparative study of the effects of dimebon,obsidan, finoptin,and cordaron on the functional state of ischemic focus and size of necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction

Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996     

Effects of sex steroid hormones on lipid peroxidation and glutathione antioxidant system in rat skin

Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999     

Adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells on surface-modified PEEK substrata

A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.