多囊卵巢综合征患者胰岛素抵抗与脂代谢的关系

目的:探讨多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者胰岛素抵抗(IR)、肥胖及血脂代谢的关系。方法:把PCOS病人分成IR组(15例),非IR组(25例),另设正常育龄妇女为对照组(20例)三组,检测空腹血甘油三脂(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、载脂蛋白A1(ApoA1)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)、胰岛素(INS)释放试验,并计算体重指数(BMI)和腰臀比(WHR)。结果:(1)BMI、WHR三组间差别有显著意义(P<0.05,P0.05),后者三组间差别有显著意义(P<0.05)。结论:PCOS病人的IR与肥胖及脂代谢关系密切,使发生心血管疾病风险增加。     

子痫前期患者血清内脂素水平与血脂代谢及胰岛素抵抗的相关性

目的：探讨血清内脂素、血脂代谢及胰岛素抵抗与子痫前期发病的关系.方法：选择2010年7月-2011年1月在福建医科大学附属第二医院产检和住院分娩的96例子痫前期妊娠妇女,按病情轻重分为轻度子痫前期组（35例）和重度子痫前期组（61例）;另选同期正常妊娠晚期妇女96例作为对照组.采用酶联免疫吸附法检测妊娠妇女血清内脂素与胰岛素水平;采用稳态模型评估法计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）;记录临床相关指标,包括妊娠妇女入院时体质量指数、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、血脂和血糖水平等进行相关性分析.结果：①子痫前期组妊娠妇女血清内脂素水平高于对照组,且重度子痫前期组高于轻度子痫前期组（均P＜0.05）.②子痫前期组血清三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL）、载脂蛋白B（ApoB）、空腹血清胰岛素（FINS）及HOMA-IR水平均高于对照组,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL）、载脂蛋白A1（ApoA1）低于对照组（均P＜0.05）.③子痫前期组血清内脂素水平与TG、SBP、DBP及HOMA-IR均呈正相关（P＜0.01）.结论：子痫前期患者血清内脂素表达升高可能与子痫前期的发生、进展相关;血脂代谢异常及胰岛素抵抗与子痫前期患者内脂素表达升高有关,可能参与高内脂素促发子痫前期的发病机制.     

多囊卵巢综合征大鼠脂肪组织中TNF-α的表达及其意义

目的研究由脱氢表雄酮（DHEA）诱导的多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）SD大鼠动物模型的脂肪组织中TNF—α mRNA及蛋白的表达与其性激素变化及胰岛素抵抗（IR）的关系。方法以DHEA皮下注射21日龄SD雌性大鼠为研究组，观察其卵巢重量、光镜（HE染色）及透视电镜下改变，测定糖耐量、血清胰岛素、E2、T、P、PRL、FSH和LH水平，采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）法及Western Blot技术检测其脂肪组织中TNF—α mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果实验组卵巢重量显著高于对照组（P〈0．05），实验组卵巢呈多囊样改变而黄体形成比例减少；实验组血清T、E2、空腹血糖和胰岛素水平明显高于对照组（P分别〈0．001、〈0．05、〈0．001和〈0．05），空腹血胰岛素与空腹血糖乘积的倒数（1／FINS×FGC）显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）；PCOS大鼠白色脂肪组织中TNF—α mRNA及蛋白表达均显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论DHEA诱导的P—COS大鼠动物模型与PCOS患者相似，且有IR现象；由白色脂肪组织分泌的TNF—α在PCOS的发生机制中起着部分调节作用，从而加重PCOS患者的胰岛素抵抗。     

血清促生长激素释放激素受体配体与多囊卵巢综合征的相关性分析

目的:探讨血清促生长激素释放激素受体配体(Ghrelin)水平在多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)中的意义.方法:选择我院PCOS患者48例作为研究对象(PCOS组),同期选择非PCOS患者40例作为对照(对照组),根据体重指数(IBM)将PCOS组、对照组患者分别分为肥胖与非肥胖,根据稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)将PCOS组及全部患者分为胰岛素抵抗(IR)与非IR.测定血清Ghrelin水平及内分泌代谢指标.结果:血清Ghrelin水平PCOS组低于对照组(P<0.05);肥胖组低于非肥胖组(P<0.05);非肥胖组低于非肥胖对照组(P<0.05);IR组低于非IR组(P<0.05).血清Ghrelin水平与BMI、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、HOMA-IR呈负相关(P<0.01,P<0.05,P<0.05),与胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)呈正相关(P<0.05).结论:PCOS患者存在血清低Ghrelin水平,Ghrelin水平与BMI、IR程度呈负相关.Ghrelin可能与PCOS的肥胖发生有相关性.血清Ghrelin检测可能作为预测PCOS患者IR的一个指标.     

多囊卵巢综合征患者C-反应蛋白、血脂与临床内分泌特点相关性研究

目的通过对多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者和年龄、体重相匹配的正常妇女进行C-反应蛋白(CRP)、血脂的检测寻找多囊卵巢综合征妇女易患心血管疾病的风险因素。方法64例PCOS和20例年龄、体重匹配的正常健康妇女进行体重指数(BMI)计算、葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)、血清胰岛素(INS)、血脂和CRP的测定,比较肥胖、非肥胖;胰岛素抵抗、非胰岛素抵抗;高雄激素、雄激素正常的血脂、C-反应蛋白血中水平。结果PCOS患者总胆固醇(CHO)、CRP明显高于正常对照组,而高密度脂蛋白(HDL)却低于对照组;肥胖的PCOS患者CHO、CRP明显高于非肥胖PCOS患者和对照组,PCOS患者超敏C-反应蛋白(SCRP)水平高于对照组,肥胖的PCOS患者高密度脂蛋白(HDL)低于非肥胖PCOS患者和对照组;胰岛素抵抗的PCOS患者CRP、甘油三酯(TG)明显高于非胰岛素抵抗的PCOS患者,而HDL却低于非胰岛素抵抗者,SCRP高于对照组;高雄激素PCOS患者血清CRP、SCRP水平明显高于雄激素正常组,高雄激素PCOSTG高于雄激素正常组和对照组,而HDL却低于这两组。CRP与肥胖关系最为密切。结论PCOS患者的心血管疾病的风险不是某一个因素决定的,而是多种代谢异常综合作用的结果。肥胖、胰岛素抵抗、高雄激素均是PCOS患者易患心血管疾病的风险因素,但是肥胖与CRP的关系更为密切。     

多囊卵巢综合征患者血清中一氧化氮水平及其相关因素的临床研究

目的探讨多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）患者血清一氧化氮（NO）水平与其血管并发症的关系。方法采用硝酸还原酶法测定27例PCOS患者（PCOS组）,21例因男方因素或输卵管因素不孕患者（对照组）血清NO水平,测定并计算体重指数（BMI）、腰臀比（WHR）、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、体脂含量、胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）、胰岛素敏感指数（IAI）、血清性激素、空腹血糖（FPG）和胰岛素（FINS）水平。结果非肥胖PCOS组的HOMA-IR高于非肥胖对照组,IAI、血清NO水平低于非肥胖对照组,差异均有显著性（P〈0.05）。非肥胖PCOS组IAI明显高于肥胖PCOS组,差异有显著性（P〈0.01）。血清NO水平在PCOS组和其对照组间差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。PCOS组中,血清NO水平与HOMA-IR（r=-0.317,P〈0.05）、体脂含量（r=-0.346,P〈0.05）呈负相关。结论PCOS患者血清NO水平降低,提示PCOS患者可能存在血管内皮功能受损。     

多囊性卵巢综合征患者血清C反应蛋白水平与临床因素相关性的分析

目的 探讨多囊性卵巢综合征（PCOS）患者血清中C反应蛋白（CRP）的浓度与临床因素的相关性。方法 对90例PCOS患者及20例正常对照组应用免疫比浊法检测血清中CRP水平，同时应用生化法检测血清中总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（LDL-C）及高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（HDL-C）；对PCOS患者进行葡萄糖耐量（0GTT）及胰岛素释放实验。根据体重指数（BMI），PCOS患者分为：肥胖组48例（BMI≥25kg／m^2），非肥胖组42例（BMI〈25kg／m^2）。结果 ①肥胖及非肥胖PCOS患者IogCRP均明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．05），肥胖PCOS患者IogCRP明显高于非肥胖PCOS患者（P〈0．05）；②Pearson相关分析显示，IogCRP与BMI、HOMA-IR呈正相关（P〈0．05）；与HDL-C和胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）呈负相关（P〈0．05）。排除BMI影响后的偏相关分析显示，IogCRP与HOMA-IR呈正相关（P〈0．05），与ISI呈负相关（P〈0．05）。结论 PCOS患者机体内可能存在着一种慢性炎症状态；PCOS患者血清CRP水平的升高可能是预测2型糖尿病的一个危险因子。     

多囊卵巢综合征患者的血脂代谢异常及与胰岛素抵抗的关系分析

目的:探讨多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者血脂代谢异常及与胰岛素抵抗(IR)的关系,以期为血脂代谢异常PCOS患者的临床管理提供参考。方法:回顾性分析507例PCOS患者的临床资料,分析血脂代谢异常及其与腰臀比、体重指数(BMI)、IR指数、性激素水平等指标的相关关系。结果:PCOS患者IR的发生率为38.1%;与非IR的患者相比,伴有IR的患者具有较高的甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)和较低的高密度脂蛋白(HDL)(1.83±1.19vs1.12±0.70mmol/L、5.23±1.06vs4.91±0.90mmol/L、3.25±0.98vs2.88±0.79mmol/L、1.41±0.40vs1.64±0.36mmol/L,P<0.001)。总体血脂异常的发生率为24.7%,IR组显著高于非IR组(39.9%vs15.3%,P<0.001);TG、TC、LDL水平与胰岛素稳态模型-IR指数(HOMA-IR)值呈正相关,HDL水平与HOMA-IR值呈负相关。在控制BMI的影响后,TG与HDL水平仍与HOMA-IR值呈显著相关性。总体上,随着HOMA-IR值的增大,血脂异常的发生率逐渐增加。结论:PCOS患者胰岛素抵抗和血脂异常的发生率均较高,血脂异常与胰岛素抵抗呈相关性,推测临床上使用胰岛素增敏剂可能通过改善IR进而改善PCOS患者的血脂代谢异常。     

中医药治疗多囊卵巢综合征合并胰岛素抵抗患者的临床研究

目的 探讨中医药治疗多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）合并胰岛素抵抗（IR）患者的临床疗效。方法 前瞻性选取55例PCOS合并IR患者,根据随机数字表法分为治疗组（27例）和对照组（28例）。治疗组采用中医药治疗,对照组采用二甲双胍联合优思明治疗。比较两组各临床指标。结果 治疗组治疗6个月促黄体生成素（LH）、空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、空腹胰岛素、餐后2 h胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）均较对照组下降（P<0.05）。结论 中医药治疗可改善PCOS合并IR患者的胰岛素抵抗状态,与二甲双胍联合优思明的治疗效果相当,可作为PCOS合并IR的一种替代治疗方案。     

血清脂联素水平测定在多囊卵巢综合征中的意义

目的:探讨脂联素水平在多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)中的意义。方法:选择我院PCOS患者48例作为研究对象,同期选择非PCOS患者40例作为对照,分为肥胖组与非肥胖组,胰岛素抵抗组与非胰岛素抵抗组。测定血清脂联素水平及内分泌代谢指标。结果:①PCOS组血清脂联素水平低于对照组(P<0.05);非肥胖PCOS组低于非肥胖对照组(P<0.05);胰岛素抵抗组低于非胰岛素抵抗组(P<0.05)。②血清脂联素水平与体重指数(BMI)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、腰臀比(WHR)、甘油三酯(TG)呈负相关(P<0.01,P<0.05),与葡萄糖胰岛素比值(GIR)、胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)呈正相关(P<0.01)。控制BMI影响后血清脂联素水平仍与HOMA-IR、TG呈负相关(P<0.05),与GIR、ISI呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论:①PCOS患者存在低脂联素血症,脂联素水平与胰岛素抵抗程度呈负相关。②脂联素可以作为PCOS发生糖尿病远期并发症的预测指标。     

Correlation of visfatin levels and lipoprotein lipid profiles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing ovarian stimulation

The aim of this study was to determine serum and follicular fluid (FF) visfatin levels in age and weight-matched women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and normally ovulating subjects undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation and correlate them with their lipid and lipoprotein levels. We included 80 PCOS women (40 lean and 40 overweight) and 80 age- and weight-matched controls, enrolled in the IVF program. In PCOS women, we determined significantly increased serum and FF visfatin as well as serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein(a) and homocysteine, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 were significantly lower compared to controls. Serum visfatin levels positively correlated with total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoprotein(a) and homocysteine levels and negatively with apolipoprotein A1. FF visfatin levels positively correlated with triglycerides and homocysteine and negatively with apolipoprotein A1. Dyslipidemia is common in reproductive age women with PCOS exposing them to risk for cardiovascular diseases. However, the detailed role of visfatin on lipoprotein lipid profile awaits further clarification through future investigation.     

Levels of lipoprotein and homocysteine in non-obese and obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

AIM: This study was designed to examine the relationship between homocysteine (Hcy), lipoprotein levels and insulin resistance in obese and non-obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-five patients (38 obese, 47 non-obese) with PCOS and 50 healthy subjects (25 obese, 25 non-obese) were included in the study. PCOS was defined according to the Homburg criterion. Serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), insulin, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, free testosterone, androstenedione, vitamin B12 and folate were measured. Also, serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)), apoprotein B (Apo B) and apoprotein A (Apo A) were determined. Plasma Hcy levels were measured. Insulin resistance was evaluated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). RESULTS: Plasma Hcy levels were significantly higher in women with PCOS than in healthy women. HOMA-R (insulin resistance) was significantly higher in women with PCOS compared with healthy women. Serum fasting TC, LDL-C, TG, Apo B, vitamin B12 and folate levels were similar between PCOS and control groups. Lp(a) levels were higher in PCOS patients than in control subjects, whereas HDL-C and Apo A levels were lower. Compared with obese PCOS subjects, non-obese PCOS subjects had low HOMA-R, TC, LDL-C, TG, Apo B, Lp(a) and androgen levels. Plasma Hcy levels, serum HDL-C and Apo A levels were similar between obese and non-obese women with PCOS. Levels of HDL-C and Apo A were lower in both obese and non-obese PCOS patients than in obese and non-obese control subjects, whereas Lp(a) levels were higher. No correlation was observed between plasma Hcy, body mass index, HOMA-R, serum androgen levels, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, Apo A, Apo B and Lp(a) levels. CONCLUSION: These results showed that elevated insulin resistance and plasma Hcy levels, and changes in serum lipid profile, which are possible risk factors for cardiovascular disorders, play important roles in the development of cardiovascular disease in both obese and non-obese patients with PCOS.     

Evaluation of endothelial dysfunction,lipid metabolism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: relationship of paraoxonase 1 activity,malondialdehyde levels,low-density lipoprotein subfractions,and endothelial dysfunction

The aim of this study was to assess relationship of insulin resistance, oxidant-antioxidant status, endothelial dysfunction, lipid metabolism, and their contribution to the risks of cardiovascular disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Forty-five women with PCOS and 17 healthy women were included in this study. Nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1), malondialdehyde (MDA), Apo A1, Apo B, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, small, dense LDL cholesterol (sdLDL-C), large buoyant LDL cholesterol (LbLDL-C) levels, and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity were measured in serum/plasma obtained from study groups. Insulin resistance [homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index] and serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), total testosterone (tT), free testosterone (fT), androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosteronsulfate (DHEAS) levels were also evaluated. Significantly decreased SHBG, NO, HDL-C levels, and PON1 activities, but increased tT, fT, androstenedione, DHEAS, HOMA index, MDA, ET-1, LDL-C, sdLDL-C, and LbLDL-C values were found in PCOS patients compared with those of controls. There was a positive correlation between MDA and fT levels; and a negative correlation between PON1 activity and fT. Our data show that insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress might contribute to the excess risk of cardiovascular disease reported in PCOS patients.     

Postprandial triglyceride response in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: relationship with waist-to-hip ratio and insulin

Objective: To examine the postprandial triglyceride response to a high-fat meal in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared with a matched control group.

Design: Controlled clinical study.

Setting: Department of Endocrinology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes.

Patient(s): 18 Hispanic women with PCOS (nine overweight and nine nonobese) and 9 healthy control women.

Intervention(s): Biometric measures and blood sample collection.

Main Outcome Measure(s): Insulin and glucose levels during a standard oral glucose tolerance test. Plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were measured at baseline and at 4, 5, and 6 h after a high-fat meal.

Result(s): Both obese and nonobese PCOS women had higher waist-to-hip ratios than controls. PCOS women had higher levels of fasting and postglucose insulin and fasting triglyceride and postprandial triglyceride response and had lower levels of postprandial high-density lipoprotein cholesterol response, but no significant differences within PCOS groups were observed.

Conclusion(s): An expanded postprandial hypertriglyceridemia in PCOS women is related to a higher waist-to-hip ratio and insulin resistance, regardless of obesity, and contributes to increase the risk for coronary artery disease.     

Comparison of fibrinolytic and metabolic system parameters in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and women with simple obesity.

The present study aimed to assess the fibrinolytic and metabolic system parameters in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to compare them in obese PCOS patients and women with simple obesity. We studied 19 obese women with PCOS (age: 25.1 +/- 4.6 years, body mass index (BMI): 34.7 +/- 3.9 kg/m2; mean +/- standard deviation) and 20 age- and BMI-matched ovulatory controls. We measured blood levels of 17beta-estradiol, testosterone, prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), glucose and insulin. The following fibrinolytic tests were also performed: euglobulin clot lysis time, plasminogen level, alpha2-antiplasmin activity, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity, fibrinogen concentration and estimated fibrinolytic activity. Testosterone and LH levels were significantly higher in obese women with PCOS (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). The groups did not differ with regard to 17beta-estradiol, prolactin, FSH, DHEAS, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, glucose and insulin. All of the fibrinolysis parameters with the exception of plasminogen were comparable between the two groups. Serum plasminogen level was lower in obese PCOS patients than in women with simple obesity (p < 0.05). Euglobulin clot lysis time was positively correlated with insulin (r = 0.88, p < 0.05) in both groups. Our results show that fibrinolysis is not suppressed in women with PCOS and that there is no difference in fibrinolytic activity between obese patients with PCOS and women with simple obesity.     

Treatment of hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinemia in PCOS patients with essential amino acids. A pilot clinical study

AIM: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) report frequently hyperinsulinemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 16-weeks therapy with essential amino acids supplements on metabolic and clinical indices in PCOS. METHODS: For this study ten women with PCOS and fasting hyperinsulinemia were enrolled. The study comprised 16 weeks of therapy with oral essential amino acids (Aminopril, NAMED, Milan, Italy) administered 4 g twice per day. Body mass index, hirsutism score, serum levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein(a), serum adrenal and ovarian androgens, fasting glucose and insulin concentrations, T, DHEAS, gonadotropins, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), were assessed before and after treatment with essential amino acids. RESULTS: A significant decrease in fasting insulin, total T, luteneizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone was reported after amino acids therapy and increase in SHBG, leading to a decrease in the free T index. In addition, a significant reduction in hirsutism score was reported. No significant decrease in mean body mass index and in lipid pattern was reported. CONCLUSION: A decline of insulin after treatment with essential amino acids was observed in women with PCOS as well as total and bioavailable T, leading to significant improvement of clinical symptoms of hyperandrogenism.     

Levels of lipoprotein and homocysteine in non-obese and obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Aim.?This study was designed to examine the relationship between homocysteine (Hcy), lipoprotein levels and insulin resistance in obese and non-obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Materials and methods.?Eighty-five patients (38 obese, 47 non-obese) with PCOS and 50 healthy subjects (25 obese, 25 non-obese) were included in the study. PCOS was defined according to the Homburg criterion. Serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), insulin, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, free testosterone, androstenedione, vitamin B₁₂ and folate were measured. Also, serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)), apoprotein B (Apo B) and apoprotein A (Apo A) were determined. Plasma Hcy levels were measured. Insulin resistance was evaluated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA).

Results.?Plasma Hcy levels were significantly higher in women with PCOS than in healthy women. HOMA-R (insulin resistance) was significantly higher in women with PCOS compared with healthy women. Serum fasting TC, LDL-C, TG, Apo B, vitamin B₁₂ and folate levels were similar between PCOS and control groups. Lp(a) levels were higher in PCOS patients than in control subjects, whereas HDL-C and Apo A levels were lower. Compared with obese PCOS subjects, non-obese PCOS subjects had low HOMA-R, TC, LDL-C, TG, Apo B, Lp(a) and androgen levels. Plasma Hcy levels, serum HDL-C and Apo A levels were similar between obese and non-obese women with PCOS. Levels of HDL-C and Apo A were lower in both obese and non-obese PCOS patients than in obese and non-obese control subjects, whereas Lp(a) levels were higher. No correlation was observed between plasma Hcy, body mass index, HOMA-R, serum androgen levels, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, Apo A, Apo B and Lp(a) levels.

Conclusion.?These results showed that elevated insulin resistance and plasma Hcy levels, and changes in serum lipid profile, which are possible risk factors for cardiovascular disorders, play important roles in the development of cardiovascular disease in both obese and non-obese patients with PCOS.     

Self-selected women with polycystic ovary syndrome are reproductively and metabolically abnormal and undertreated

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether self-selected women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are abnormal compared with a control population. DESIGN: Case-control. SETTING: Support group meeting organized and initiated by patients. PATIENT(S): Forty-five self-selected women with PCOS and 80 control women. INTERVENTION(S): Self-selected women with PCOS at a peer support conference completed a questionnaire, had a brief physical, and gave a fasting blood sample. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Historical, biometric, and assay results. RESULT(S): Sixty percent of the women attending the conference participated in the study. Most had been diagnosed with PCOS on the basis of ovarian morphology (35%). They were more likely to be nulliparous and have a history of oligomenorrhea (96%). They were hyperandrogenemic (significantly elevated testosterone and DHEAS levels) compared with control women. Self-selected women with PCOS displayed multiple metabolic abnormalities compared with control women, including elevations in blood pressure, waist-hip ratio, fasting insulin, fasting total cholesterol, and fasting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, as well as a significant decrease in fasting glucose-insulin ratio and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. CONCLUSION(S): Self-selected women with PCOS have reproductive and metabolic abnormalities. The majority of these women received inadequate treatment despite having risk factors for endometrial cancer, diabetes, and/or heart disease. Our study also suggests that women attending or participating in a PCOS support group are willing and likely to participate in clinical studies.     

Ethinylestradiol/cyproterone acetate in polycystic ovary syndrome: lipid and carbohydrate changes.

OBJECTIVE: Ethinylestradiol (EE) combined with the antiandrogenic progestin cyproterone acetate (CPA) is a possible treatment in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We investigated the impact of EE/CPA on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in women with PCOS,who were otherwise healthy. METHOD: The 31 women were separated into two groups paired by body mass index (BMI): Group A (control, n = 15) were cycled with 10 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) x 10 days (Provera, Pharmacia & Upjohn) every month for 3 months; Group B (n = 16) were treated with 35 microg EE/2 mg CPA (Diane 35, Schering) for 3 months. Metabolic and hormonal conditions were similar in both groups. RESULTS: Group A showed no change in any hormone or metabolic parameter. Group B showed a significant decrease in free androgen index (-81%) and increase in sex hormone binding globulin (+ 639%), a decrease in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (-14%) and total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol index (-19%), and increases in HDL cholesterol (+ 23%) and triglycerides (+ 82%) (p < 0.001). Fasting insulin increased in 18%, the glucose/insulin index worsened in 8%, and the plasma glucose disappearance worsened in 12%, with no statistical significance (p= 0.092, p=0.308 and p= 0.237, respectively). CONCLUSION: Treatment of PCOS with EE/CPA induces important favorable changes regarding hormone parameters associated with hyperandrogenism, significant favorable changes in lipid profile except for triglyceride increase, and no significant change in carbohydrate metabolism (measured by fasting insulin, glucose/insulin index and plasma glucose disappearance). MPA cycling does not change any of these parameters.     

Adropin levels in women with polycystic ovaries undergoing ovarian stimulation: correlation with lipoprotein lipid profiles

This study aimed to investigate serum and follicular fluid (FF) adropin levels in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and normal women undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation and correlate them with the lipid and lipoprotein levels. We included 60 women (30 lean and 30 overweight) with diagnosed PCOS, and 60 age and weight-matched non-PCOS controls (30 lean and 30 overweight), under in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Serum lipid and lipoprotein levels were assessed by the Abbott Architect c8000 autoanalyzer while adropin levels were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Serum and FF adropin levels were significantly lower in PCOS women compared with controls and FF adropin levels were lower than serum levels. Significantly higher serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein(a) and homocysteine were encountered in PCOS subjects, while HDL-C and apolipoprotein A1 were significantly lower compared with controls. According to univariate and multivariate analysis, serum and FF adropin levels were positively correlated with BMI and HDL-C levels and negatively correlated with LDL-C levels. Women with polycystic ovaries exhibit lipid lipoprotein alterations increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases later in life. Our findings suggest a probable involvement of adropin both in human metabolism and in the pathophysiology of PCOS.