小鼠FABP3基因全长cDNA的克隆、真核表达载体的构建及其在COS-7细胞中的表达

目的克隆小鼠FABP3基因的全长cDNA,构建其真核表达载体,并于COS-7细胞内表达。方法利用PCR技术扩增小鼠FABP3基因的开放阅读框序列,并在3′末端连接24bp的Flag标签,克隆至真核表达载体pcDNA3.1中,构建表达质粒pcD-NA3.1-FABP3和pcDNA3.1-FABP3-Flag,并行PCR、双酶切及测序鉴定。将构建的重组质粒通过脂质体转染COS-7细胞,分别采用RT-PCR和免疫荧光法检测其FABP3mRNA及蛋白的表达情况。结果所构建的pcDNA3.1-FABP3和pcDNA3.1-FABP3-Flag重组载体可酶切出418bp的FABP3 cDNA片段和442bp的FABP3-FlagcDNA片段,经测序证实正确。转染后的COS-7细胞经RT-PCR可扩增出278bp的目的片段,且免疫荧光分析可见特异性的FABP3及Flag蛋白表达。结论构建了FABP3基因真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-FABP3和pcDNA3.1-FABP3-Flag,并于COS-7细胞中成功转录表达,为后续研究奠定了基础。     

人β-防御素3基因在COS-7细胞中的表达

目的：构建人β—防御素3(hBD3)的真核表达载体，建立稳定表达hBD3的细胞株。方法：用EcoR Ⅰ酶切合有hBD3全长基因的pGEM-hBD3重组质粒，获得其编码区全长序列，将其连接入EcoR Ⅰ预处理过的pcDNA3中。转化大肠杆菌，酶切鉴定筛选出插入方向正确的转化子。采用脂质体转染法将重组pcDNA3-hBD3真核表达载体导入COS-7细胞，用G418进行抗性筛选，用RT-PCR和Western印迹检测目的基因hBD3的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果与结论：构建的pcDNA3-hBD3真核表达载体转染COS-7细胞后可稳定表达hBD3的mRNA和蛋白，且蛋白主要以分泌形式存在于培养上清中。     

S100A2全长基因真核表达载体pEGFP-N2-S100A2的构建及其在胃癌细胞系BGC-823中的表达

 目的 克隆S100A2 cDNA,构建pEGFP-N2-S100A2重组表达载体,转染胃癌细胞系BGC-823,为探讨其对胃癌细胞系的影响奠定实验基础.方法 应用RT-PCR 和DNA 重组技术构建pEGFP-N2-S100A2 融合蛋白表达载体,质粒经测序正确后,用脂质体转染BGC-823 细胞.结果 重组质粒经限制性酶切鉴定得到与S100A2全长基因长度一致(294 bp) 的酶切产物; 测序分析证实,重组质粒中含有一与GenBank 上登录的S100A2基因(NM-005978) 序列完全一致的序列,表明成功地完成了表达载体的构建; 荧光显微镜下可见转染的BGC-823 细胞有绿色荧光蛋白的表达.结论 构建完成真核表达载体pEGFP-N2-S100A2,S100A2基因在BGC-823细胞内成功表达.     

人Survivin基因重组腺病毒载体的构建及其表达

目的　构建含有人Survivin基因的重组腺病毒载体,为转染树突状细胞(DC)构建DC疫苗和基因治疗奠定基础。方法　自行设计一对分别含有KpnⅠ和XholⅠ酶切位点的Survivin基因上下游引物,以质粒pCITE/Survivin为模板,通过PCR扩增获得Survivin基因全序列。片段回收后经酶切,定向插入腺病毒穿梭质粒pAdTrack CMV,获得重组质粒pAdTrack CMV Survivin。通过KpnⅠ和XholⅠ双酶切、PCR及插入片段测序鉴定后,将正确重组体pAdTrack Survivin转化包含腺病毒骨架质粒pAdEasy 1 的BJ5183菌。同源重组后用选择性培养基筛选阳性克隆,提取质粒,用脂质体介导转染293细胞,通过观察绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的表达及PCR扩增目的基因等方法鉴定重组的腺病毒。同时将病毒上清转染成纤维细胞,通过观察GFP的表达以及Western blot分析观察Survivin蛋白表达。结果　成功构建了含有人Survivin基因的重组腺病毒,病毒滴度为1 65×108pfu/L。Western blot检测可见16 5kD的Survivin蛋白表达。结论　该重组腺病毒载体的构建及成功转染到成纤维细胞内表达为下一步以人Survivin作为靶抗原的基因治疗奠定了基础。     

小鼠4-1BBL基因真核表达载体构建及其在COS-7细胞中的表达

目的：构建含小鼠4-1BBL编码区cDNA序列的真核表达载体，并检测其在COS-7细胞中的表达。方法：将目的基因4-1BBL克隆人pUCl9载体中并进行酶切鉴定和DNA序列测定。亚克隆入真核质粒pIRES2-EGFP，构建真核表达载体pIRES2-EGFP-m4-1BBL。用脂质体法将重组质粒转入COS-7细胞，以RT-PER和观察细胞内荧光的方法检测m4-1BBL的表达。结果：酶切鉴定和序列分析证实，重组质粒含有人4-lBBL全长cDNA编码序列，转染实验表明4-lBBL基因能在COS-7细胞中表达。结论：鼠4-1BBL全长cDNA基因真核表达载体构建及其在COS-7中的表达均获成功，为进一步研究奠定了基础。     

耐辐射奇球菌pprM基因在真核细胞中的表达

目的扩增耐辐射奇球菌辐射抗性基因pprM,构建pEGFP-C1-pprM重组载体,转入293T细胞并表达PprM蛋白,为研究原核细胞辐射抗性基因pprM是否提高真核细胞的辐射抗性及其可能存在的作用机制奠定实验基础。方法以无任何突变的pGEX-6p-1-pprM重组质粒为模版,设计引物PCR扩增pprM基因,利用琼脂糖凝胶DNA回收试剂盒纯化回收目的片段,EcoR Ⅰ、BamH Ⅰ双酶切回收的目的片段及质粒pEGFP-C1,将双酶切产物进行连接,连接产物转化至大肠杆菌JM109感受态细胞后涂布于含卡那霉素（Kan）抗性的Luria-Bertani（LB）固体培养基上进行筛选,所筛选的阳性克隆进一步用菌落PCR,EcoR Ⅰ、BamH Ⅰ双酶切及测序鉴定。通过Lipofectamine2000转染试剂将pEGFP-C1-pprM重组质粒转入293T细胞,倒置荧光显微镜观察绿色荧光融合蛋白的表达。裂解细胞抽提蛋白,Western blot进一步验证PprM蛋白的表达。结果菌落PCR结果及双酶切结果显示,在400 bp左右处有一条明显的目的条带,测序结果显示碱基序列与原基因序列一致,载体构建成功。荧光拍照结果显示,pEGFP-C1-pprM重组质粒成功转染293T细胞并表达绿色荧光融合蛋白;Western blot结果显示在40×103处有融合蛋白表达。结论笔者成功将所构pEGFP-C1-pprM重组质粒转入293T细胞,并表达相应蛋白,为后续实验研究原核基因pprM及其产物对真核细胞辐射抗性的影响奠定了良好的实验基础。     

重组腺病毒介导的血管内皮生长因子165在大鼠骨髓基质细胞中的表达

目的 利用AdEasy腺病毒载体系统构建携带血管内皮生长因子165(VEGF165)的重组腺病毒(Ad-VEGF165),并观察Ad-VEGF165转染大鼠骨髓基质细胞(bMSCs)后VEGF165的表达情况. 方法 将PCR获取的VEGF165目的 基因插入到pAATrackCMV中,构建腺病毒穿梭质粒pAdTrack-VEGF165,经Pme I酶切线性化后,采用电穿孔法转化到含腺病毒骨架质粒pAdEasy-1的BJ5183大肠杆菌感受态细胞中,挑选同源重组菌落.提取质粒并用Pac I酶切鉴定.线性化重组质粒pAdEasy-VEGF165转染293T细胞,包装成重组腺病毒颗粒.并扩增收集重组腺病毒,测定病毒滴度.体外培养大鼠骨髓基质细胞,Ad-VEGF165转染骨髓基质细胞,转染后在荧光显微镜下观察.转染的骨髓基质细胞采用RT-PCR和ELISA法检测VFGF165的表达水平. 结果 经酶切鉴定,基因测序及绿色荧光观察证实成功构建了携带VEGF165基因的重组腺病毒,并扩增出109pfu/ml的高滴度重组腺病毒.Ad-VEGF165转染骨髓基质细胞后,RT PCR证明转染的骨髓基质细胞内有VEGF165mRNA表达.ELISA检测发现转染组上清液中VEGF165蛋白分泌量明显高于对照组(P＜0.01). 结论 pAdEasy-VEGF165转染对骨髓基质细胞的增殖能力无明显影响,而且骨髓基质细胞能够表达并分泌VFGF165为研究骨组织工程血管化局部基因治疗奠定了基础.     

人CD40L胞外区和人CTLA4Ig双基因共表达腺病毒载体的克隆和鉴定

目的：构建人CD40L胞外区和CTLA4Ig双基因共表达重组腺病毒载体并鉴定。方法：RT-PCR扩增人CD40L胞外区片段，与致瘤素信号肽连接后构建穿梭质粒，经酶切、插入、同源重组，获质粒pAdshCD40L-IRES2-CTLA4Ig，经293细胞包装，获共表达双基因的腺病毒pAdvshCD40L-IRES2-CTLAg，并行凝胶电泳、PCR、共聚焦显微镜检测。结果：电泳、PCR扩增出了600bp和400bp的特异性片段、共聚焦显微镜观察到CD40L绿色荧光和CTLA4Ig红色荧光的共表达。结论：成功构建了人CD40L．胞外区和CTLA4Ig共表达双基因重组腺病毒载体。     

CB-GFP融合基因在COS-7细胞中的表达与定位

目的：构建以绿色荧光蛋白（green fluorescent protein，GFP）为报告基因的重组表达质粒pEGFP-N1-CB，转染体外培养的COS-7细胞，以观察CB重组蛋白在真核细胞中的表达及定位。方法：PCR方法扩增得到去除终止密码的cB融合基因序列，克隆入真核表达载体pEGFP-N1中，构建重组表达载体pEGFP-N1-CB。脂质体法转染体外培养的COST细胞后，以RT-PCR和Western印迹方法验证其mRNA及蛋白的表达，并在活细胞状态下用荧光显微镜、激光共聚焦显微成像技术直接观察CB-GFP融合蛋白在细胞中的分布和定位。结果：RT．PCR及Western印迹结果均证明CB—GFP融合基因表达载体pEGFP-N1-CB在COS．7细胞中获得了表达。荧光显微镜观察显示，在空载体pEGFP-N1转染组中，COST细胞内荧光呈弥散分布；重组质粒pEGFP-N1-CB转染组中，绿色荧光主要聚集在细胞浆中。结论：CB融合基因能在真核细胞COST中得到高效表达，且蛋白表达主要定位于细胞浆中，本试验为CB重组蛋白的提取及进一步功能研究奠定了基础。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.