人工冬虫夏草在大鼠慢性阻塞性肺疾病中的治疗作用和机制研究

目的 研究人工冬虫夏草对香烟烟雾所致慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)大鼠模型的治疗和作用机制.方法 SD健康雄性大鼠随机分为对照组、COPD组、造模前给药组、造模后给药组、中剂量(2.5 g·kg-1·d-1)和高剂量(5 g·kg-1·d-1)治疗组共6组,每组10只.动物连续烟熏90 d造模.造模前给药组于造模前两周开始给药,治疗组在造模前给药的基础上持续给药直至造模结束.造模后给药组为在造模结束后给药两周.测定各组大鼠肺功能,观察肺组织病理学变化,提取肺组织总蛋白进行双向电泳,对表达差异显著的蛋白点进行鉴定分析.结果 气道阻力均值COPD组(0.386 9 cm H2O·ml-1·s)明显高于对照组(0.263 0 cm H2O·ml-1·s)(P ＜0.05);造模前给药组(0.252 5 cm H2O·ml-1·s)、中剂量治疗组(0.223 3 cm H2O·ml-1·s)、高剂量治疗组(0.184 6cm H2O· ml-1·s)、造模后给药组(0.301 1 cm H2O·ml-1·s)均明显低于COPD组(P＜0.05),与对照组相比差异无统计学意义.给药各组特别是高剂量组与COPD组相比支气管和肺部病理情况均有明显改善,结果差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).与对照组相比有14种蛋白质的表达量在COPD组中显著下降.谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、醛脱氢酶及线粒体醛脱氢酶前体等三种蛋白则在高剂量治疗组中表达量得到恢复和改善.结论 人工冬虫夏草对大鼠COPD有明确的治疗作用,推测与抑制或改善肺部组织氧化与抗氧化失衡以及改善全身状况有关.     

脑卒中后抑郁大鼠海马和丘脑神经生长因子及其受体的表达变化

目的探讨脑卒中后抑郁(post stroke depression,PSD)大鼠海马和丘脑神经生长因子(nerve growth factor,NGF)及其高亲和力受体TrkA mRNA和蛋白的表达变化。方法选择健康成年SD大鼠52只,随机分为对照组、抑郁组、脑卒中组和PSD组,每组13只。应用RT-PCR检测各组大鼠造模后第29天海马及丘脑NGF和TrkA mRNA的表达变化;利用免疫组织化学方法检测各组大鼠海马及丘脑NGF和TrkA免疫阳性细胞数的表达变化。结果各组海马及丘脑均有NGF和TrkA mRNA的表达。PSD组海马NGF mRNA表达较对照组明显降低(0.646±0.264 vs 0.956±0.263,P<0.05);各组TrkA mRNA在海马的表达无统计学差异(P>0.05);各组丘脑NGF和TrkA mRNA表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。PSD组海马NGF阳性细胞较对照组明显减少[(14.46±2.64)个vs(19.56±2.63)个,P<0.05];各组丘脑NGF阳性细胞差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);各组海马TrkA阳性细胞及丘脑TrkA阳性细胞数无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 PSD大鼠海马NGF mRNA及蛋白表达减少可能与PSD发病相关。     

神经生长因子及其高亲和力受体在慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者细支气管上皮细胞中的表达

目的 探讨神经生长因子和酪氨酸激酶A在COPD患者细支气管上皮细胞中的表达.方法 选取同济医学院附属同济医院胸外科2008年1-6月因肺肿瘤行肺叶或全肺切除术患者31例为研究对象,分为吸烟合并COPD组11例,均为男性,年龄42～79岁,平均(61±11)岁;吸烟无COPD组11例,均为男性,年龄45～67岁,平均(56±6)岁;对照组9例,其中女7例,男2例,年龄38～68岁,平均(52±10)岁.取石蜡包埋的非肿瘤病灶病理组织切片,采用免疫组织化学SP法检测神经生长因子和酪氨酸激酶A在细支气管上皮细胞中的表达水平.组间差异采用方差分析及q检验,采用Person法进行相关性分析.结果 吸烟合并COPD组细支气管上皮细胞中神经生长因子和酪氨酸激酶A阳性表达率分别为(41±11)/mm和(45±4)/mm,均明显高于吸烟无COPD组[(28±9)/mm和(20±3)/mm]及对照组[(24±6)/mm和(17±6)/mm],差异均有统计学意义(q值为4.83～7.24,均P＜0.05);神经生长因子与酪氨酸激酶A的阳性表达率均呈显著正相关(r=0.655,P＜0.05);神经生长因子和酪氨酸激酶A的阳性表达率与FEV1/FVC呈显著负相关(r值分别为-0.486和-0.665;均P＜0.05),与吸烟指数无相关性(r值分别为0.282和0.470,均P＞0.05).结论 神经生长因子和酪氨酸激酶A在COPD患者细支气管上皮细胞中的表达增强,提示其与COPD的疾病进展有关.

Abstract：

Objective To study the expressions of nerve growth factor (NGF) and tyrosine kinase receptor A (TrkA) in bronchiolar epithelial cells of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Thirty-one patients admitted to Tongji Hospital from January to June in 2008 for incision of lung tissues were included in the study They were divided into 3 groups: ( 1 ) the control goup:9 patients (2 females and 7 males), average age (52 ± 10) years old, who did not smoke and did not have COPD; (2) the COPD group: 11 patients, all male, average age (61 ± 11 ) years old, who smoked and had a diagnosis of COPD; (3) the smoker group, 11 patients, all male, average age ( 56 ± 6) years old, who smoked but did not have COPD. The pathological changes were detected by HE staining. The localizations and the levels of NGF and TrkA expressions in bronchiolar epithelial cells were observed by immunohistochemical technology on bronchiolar biopsy sections. The analysis of variance ( ANOVA), the student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) and the Pearson correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis through SPSS13.0. Results The COPD group exhibited significantly enhanced NGF and TrkA expression levels, and the positive cell numbers were (41 ± 11 )/mm and (45 ± 4)/mm in bronchiolar epithelial cells respectively, as compared with the other 2 groups [(28 ± 9)/mm, (20 ± 3)/mm and (24 ±6)/mm, (17 ± 6)/mm], q=4. 83 -7.24, all P ＜ 0. 05. A significant positive correlation was found between the expressions of NGF and TrkA in bronchiolar epithelial cells ( r = 0. 655, all P ＜ 0. 05 ＝. A significant negative correlation was found between NGF and TrkA expressions and the levels of FEV1/FVC ( r =- 0. 486, - 0. 665, all P ＜ 0. 05 ＝. Conclusions The expressions of both NGF and TrkA in bronchiolar epithelial cells were significantly increased in COPD patients. It suggested that NGF and TrkA might play an important role in the progress of COPD.     

神经生长因子在慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠血、肺组织、支气管灌洗液中的表达

目的建立单纯香烟刺激诱导的慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)大鼠模型,并观察神经生长因子(NGF)在香烟刺激COPD大鼠、戒烟1个月COPD大鼠中血、肺组织、支气管灌洗液中的表达变化。方法24只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为正常对照组、COPD组、戒烟1个月COPD组,采用6个月单纯香烟刺激建立COPD大鼠模型。通过观察肺组织病理变化、检测大鼠肺功能、对支气管肺泡灌洗液行分类计数评估COPD动物模型。并测定3组血、肺组织、支气管肺泡灌洗液中NGF蛋白、NGF mRNA表达。结果COPD组、戒烟1个月COPD组大鼠肺组织病理均显示肺气肿形成明显,相比正常对照组,肺顺应性和每分钟通气量均明显下降,气道阻力明显升高(均P<0.05)。COPD组、戒烟1个月COPD组支气管肺泡灌洗液的巨噬细胞总数显著多于正常对照组(P<0.05),但这两组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组血中NGF表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),COPD组、戒烟个1月COPD组肺组织、支气管肺泡灌洗液中NGF蛋白、NGF mRNA表达较正常对照组明显升高(均P<0.05),但这两组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论通过6个月单纯香烟刺激成功建立COPD大鼠模型,并且戒烟1个月后,停止造模干预,COPD病变仍持续存在。NGF持续性参与COPD的发生发展,即使戒烟,NGF仍参与肺局部炎症反应。     

血红素氧合酶-一氧化碳系统对肝硬化大鼠血流动力学的影响

目的 观察血红素氧合酶-一氧化碳系统对肝硬化大鼠全身血流动力学的影响.方法将30只雄性SD大鼠分为对照组(14只)和肝硬化组(16只),肝硬化组大鼠皮下注射50%四氯化碳(以橄榄油稀释,0.003 ml/g),对照组给予相同剂量的橄榄油.12周后,将肝硬化组大鼠分为肝硬化给药组(8只)、肝硬化模型组(8只),对照组大鼠分为正常给药组(7只)、正常对照组(7只).肝硬化给药组和正常给药组大鼠经后颈部皮下注射锌原卟啉(20 μmol/kg),肝硬化模型组和正常对照组予以等渗盐水,用动脉插管生理多导仪记录心率、平均动脉压的变化,门静脉插管测定门静脉压,联二亚硫酸盐还原法测定血浆一氧化碳水平,用比色法测定胆红素生成量.数据间比较用t检验.结果 正常对照组与肝硬化模型组大鼠平均动脉压分别为(18.9±0.9)kPa和(15.6±1.7)kPa,门静脉压分别为(8.8±0.3)cm H2O(1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa)和(16.7±0.8)cm H2O,血浆一氧化碳分别为(10.4±1.3)μmol/L和(18.0±1.9)μmol/L,脾脏血红素氧合酶(HO)活性分别为(6.5±0.9)nmol·mg1·h1和(11.1±0.9)nmol·mg 1·h-1,小肠HO活性分别为(1.3±0.2)nmol·mg1·h-1和(2.5±0.1)nmo1·mg-1·h-1,两组比较,t值分别为4.52、23.10、8.42、9.28、15.10,P值均＜0.01,差异有统计学意义.正常对照组与肝硬化模型组大鼠肝脏HO活性分别为(2.7±0.2)nmol·mg-1·h-1、(2.7±0.1)nmol·mg-1·h-1,差异无统计学意义.肝硬化模型组、肝硬化给药组平均动脉压分别为(15.6±1.7)kPa、(17.3±1.5)kPa,两组比较,t=2.18,P＜0.05,差异有统计学意义,门静脉压分别为(16.7±0.8)cmH2O、(13.2±0.7)cmH2O,两组比较,t=8.53,P＜0.01,差异有统计学意义.结论 HO-CO系统的激活可能是肝硬化血流动力紊乱的重要原因.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the role of heme oxygenase(HO), a catalyzing enzyme of heme to produce CO, in modulation of systemic circulation in CCl4-induced cirrhotic rats. Methods Saline (vehicle) and ZnPP were s.c. injected into the posterior necks of rats respectively and the rats were then anesthetized by pentobarbital sodium in four hours. Mean arterial pressure (MAP, kPa), heart rate (HR, b/min) and portal pressure (PP, cm/H2O) were measured by indwelling catheter. Plasma CO was determined by Chalmers method. Heme oxygenase acivity was determined by the rate of bilirubin formation. Results The cirrhotic rats showed significant hyperdynamic circulation indicated by decreased mean arterial pressure [MAP,(15.6 ± 1.7) vs (18.9 ± 0.9) kPa, t = 4.52, P ＜ 0.01] and increased portal pressure [PP, (16.7 ± 0.8)vs (8.8 ± 0.3) cm H2O, t = 23.10, P ＜ 0.01] as compared to normal control rats(NS). ZnPP could cause a significant increase in MAP [(17.3 ± 1.5) vs (15.6 ± 1.7) kPa, t = 2.18, P ＜ 0.05] and significant decrease in PP [(13.2 ± 0.7) vs (16.7 ± 0.8) cm H2O, t = 8.53, P ＜ 0.01] in cirrhotic rats. The cirrhotic group presented a significant increase in plasma CO [(18.0 ± 1.9) vs (10.4 ± 1.3) μ mol/L, t = 8.42, P ＜ 0.01] and HO activity in the spleens [(11.1 ± 0.9) vs (6.5 ± 0.9) nmol bilirubin/mg protein/h, t = 9.28, P ＜ 0.01 ] and intestines [(2.5 ±0.1) vs. (1.3 ± 0.2) nmol bilirubin/mg protein/h, t = 15.1, P ＜ 0.01]. ZnPP could cause significant decreases in plasma CO and HO activity in liver, spleen and intestine of both control and cirrhotic rats. Conclusion HO-CO system activation may be an important reason for the hemodynamic disturbance of liver cirrhosis.     

内毒素在慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠骨骼肌蛋白分解代谢中的作用机制

目的 研究内毒素脂多糖(LPS)在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)大鼠骨骼肌蛋白高分解代谢中的作用机制.方法 SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组、COPD组、COPD+ LPS组,每组15只,COPD组和COPD+ LPS组大鼠用单纯熏香烟法制成COPD大鼠动物模型,分离其伸趾长肌,分别给予含或不含有LPS(4 mg/L)的孵育液进行离体有氧孵育.利用实时定量PCR和Western blot技术检测泛素和C2亚基在转录和蛋白水平的变化.结果 COPD组和COPD+ LPS组泛素mRNA表达是正常对照组的1.93倍和3.12倍(P＜0.01);COPD组和COPD+ LPS组C2亚基mRNA表达是正常对照组的1.74倍和2.04倍(P ＜0.01);COPD组泛素蛋白表达(0.95±0.12)和COPD+ LPS组泛素蛋白表达(1.56±0.16)也高于正常对照组(0.63±0.12)(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);COPD组和COPD+ LPS组C2亚基蛋白表达分别为1.24±0.18和1.55±0.21,也高于正常对照组(0.91±0.l0)(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 COPD患者难以纠正的骨骼肌蛋白降解增加可能是由于LPS激活泛素-蛋白酶体途径所致.     

姜黄素对COPD大鼠IL-1β和IL-17的影响

目的 探讨姜黄素干预对COPD大鼠IL-1β和IL-17水平的影响.方法 将雄性SD大鼠38只随机分为正常对照组、COPD模型组、姜黄素干预组和溶剂对照组,采用香烟烟熏加气管内注射脂多糖方法建立COPD大鼠模型,并按照分组情况对大鼠进行干预.干预结束后计数BALF中的炎症细胞总数、中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞数量,HE染色观察大鼠气道炎症及肺气肿程度,酶联免疫吸附测定检测血清和BALF中IL-1β、IL-17含量,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应检测肺组织中IL-1β、IL-17mRNA表达水平.结果 与正常对照组比较,COPD模型组BALF中炎症细胞总数、中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞数量均显著升高(P＜0.05);姜黄素干预组大鼠BALF中炎症细胞总数、中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞数量较COPD模型组降低(P＜0.05).组织病理学显示COPD模型组大鼠小气道周围大量炎症细胞聚集、肺泡腔扩张,姜黄素干预可减轻小气道周围炎症细胞聚集及肺泡腔扩张.与正常对照组相比,COPD模型组大鼠血清和BALF中IL-1β、IL-17含量升高,肺组织中IL-1β、IL-17mRNA表达水平上调,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).姜黄素干预后COPD大鼠血清和BALF中IL-1β、IL-17含量下降,肺组织中IL-1β、IL-17mRNA表达水平降低,与COPD模型组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 姜黄素对COPD具有保护作用,其机制可能与抑制IL-1β、IL-17炎症因子释放有关.     

p75NTR蛋白体外通过TrkANGFR/p75NTR异源二聚体信号途径促进L02细胞增殖

目的 观察神经生长因子(NGF)及受体(TrkANGFR、P75NTR)在肝细胞中的表达,探讨外源性p75NTR蛋白对肝细胞的生物学作用.方法 体外培养L02肝细胞,免疫细胞化学和荧光定量PCR法分别检测NGF、TrkANGFR、P75NTR在L02细胞中的表达.XTT法检测外源性P75NTR、NGF、NGF－ P75NTR、抗TrkANGFR、抗p75NTR对L02细胞增殖的作用.流式细胞术(膜联蛋白V/碘化丙啶)检测外源性P75NTR对L02细胞凋亡的作用.流式细胞术(碘化丙啶)检测外源性p75NTR对L02细胞周期的影响.结果 P75NTR促进L02细胞增殖,呈剂量依赖性.NGF和NGF+ P75NTR组吸光度值(A)值分别为0.4916±0.0565和0.5839±0.0733,与阴性对照组比较差异有统计学意义(0.3601±0.0310,P＜0.05);抗TrkANGFRA值为0.2689±0.0229,与阴性对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.003);抗P75 NTRA值为0.3524±0.0312,与阴性对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P=1.000).外源性P75NTR对L02细胞有抗凋亡趋势,加入100 ng/ml P75NTR抗凋亡作用最强,表达量为3.70±0.26,但与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(4.10±0.62,P=1.000).P75NTR作用于L02细胞周期的S期,呈剂量依赖性,呈倒置的U形曲线,浓度为100 ng/ml时作用最强(25.60±0.40),与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(20.10±1.00,P=0.000).外源性NGF、P75NTR、NGF+ P75NTR上调了L02细胞NGFmRNA、TrkANGFR mRNA、P75NTRmRNA的基因表达,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);抗TrkANGFR、抗P75 NTR对NGFmRNA、TrkANGFR mRNA、P75NTR mRNA的基因表达无明显影响,与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 L02细胞表达NGF及受体TrkANGFR、p75NTR,合适剂量的外源性P75NTR可能通过TrkANGFR/P75NTR异源二聚体信号途径促进L02细胞增殖.     

Control of intraabdominal hemorrhage and shock: a comparison of fluid resuscitation, MAST, and balloon occlusion

Our study examined the efficacy of four treatment modalities in controlling hemorrhage and achieving hemodynamic stabilization in hemorrhagic shock: intravenous fluid replacement (IV); military antishock trousers used concomitantly with fluids (MAST); balloon occlusion at the level of the diaphragm with concomitant fluid replacement (balloon); and a combination of MAST inflation, balloon occlusion, and fluid resuscitation (MAST and balloon). Twenty-eight mongrel dogs were anesthetized, and the spleen was exposed and completely crushed. The abdomen was closed, and treatment was initiated and continued for four hours or until the dog died. For all conditions the hematocrit dropped during the course of the experiment; balloon occlusion was effective at slowing this drop (P less than .0001), but MAST had no statistically significant effect. Animals with balloons bled more slowly into the abdominal cavity than did animals in the other two groups (P less than .0001). MAST also were effective at slowing the bleeding (P less than .05). Of the balloon and the MAST and balloon dogs, all except one survived the entire four hours; this difference between balloon and nonballoon dogs is significant (P = .002). MAST did not have a statistically significant effect on survival. Perfusion pressure (PP) declined during the course of the experiment, and the balloon was effective at slowing this decline (P less than .0001); none of the other comparisons was statistically significant.     

Use of fab fragments of digoxin-specific antibodies in the therapy of massive digoxin poisoning

A case of massive digoxin ingestion with multiple arrhythmias, consisting of high grade A-V block and ventricular ectopy not responsive to lidocaine, is described. The arrhythmias ceased following administration of digoxin-specific Fab fragments. The patient improved and was transferred to the psychiatric unit.     

Comparison of intravenous and oral routes of theophylline loading in acute asthma

In a prospective, randomized clinical trial, 19 patients with an acute exacerbation of asthma were given a loading dose of aminophylline by the IV (n = 10) or oral route (n = 9) of administration following treatment with epinephrine. Plasma concentrations of theophylline were measured prior to giving the loading dose, and one, two, three, and 24 to 48 hours later. Therapeutic effectiveness was evaluated by analyzing spirometric measurements prior to giving the loading dose, and one, three, and 24 to 48 hours later. Side effects also were recorded. In the IV group, the mean peak plasma theophylline concentration was 15.1 micrograms/mL one hour after loading, and in the oral group the mean peak serum theophylline concentration was 14.2 micrograms/mL three hours after loading. There was no correlation between theophylline concentrations and normalized change in spirometric values. There was no significant difference in spirometric values between the IV and oral groups. Nausea was slightly more common in the IV group. We conclude that there is no therapeutic advantage to giving a loading dose of aminophylline by the IV route rather than orally in patients with mild-to-moderate exacerbation of asthma initially treated with epinephrine.     

Application of Granular Biocomposites Based on Homogenised Peat for Absorption of Oil Products

Among the various methods for collecting oil spills and oil products, including from the water surface, one of the most effective is the use of sorbents. In this work, three-component bio-based composite granular adsorbents were produced and studied for oil products’ pollution collection. A bio-based binder made of peat, devulcanised crumb rubber from used tyres, and part fly ash as cenospheres were used for absorbent production. The structure, surface morphology, porosity, mechanical properties, and sorption kinetics of the obtained samples were studied. Composite hydrophobicity and sorption capacity to oil products, such as diesel fuel (DF) and motor oil (MO), were determined. The obtained pellets are characterised by a sufficiently pronounced ability to absorb oil products such as DF. As the amount of CR in the granules increases, the diesel absorption capacity increases significantly. The case of 30-70-0 is almost three times higher than the granules from homogenised peat. The increase in q is due to two factors: the pronounced surface hydrophobicity of the samples (Θ = 152°) and a heterogeneous porous granule structure. The presence of the cenosphere in the biocomposite reduces its surface hydrophobicity while increasing the diesel absorption capacity. Relatively rapid realisation of the maximum saturation by the MO was noted. In common, the designed absorbent shows up to 0.7 g·g⁻¹ sorption capacity for MO and up to 1.55 g·g⁻¹ sorption capacity for diesel. A possible mechanism of DF absorption and the limiting stages of the process approximated for different kinetic models are discussed. The Weber–Morris diffusion model is used to primarily distinguish the limiting effect of the external and internal diffusion of the adsorbate on the absorption process.     

Role of microRNA in regulation of myeloma-related angiogenesis and survival

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disease caused by clonal proliferation of plasma cells that result in monoclonal gammopathy and severe end organ damage. Despite the uniform clinical signs, the disease is very diverse in terms of the nature and sequence of the underlying molecular events. Multiple cellular processes are involved in helping the malignant cells to remain viable and maintain proliferative properties in the hypoxic microenvironment of the bone marrow. Specifically, the process of angiogenesis, triggered by the interactions between the malignant MM cells and the stroma cells around them, was found to be critical for MM progression. In this review we highlight the current understanding about the epigenetic regulation of the proliferation and apoptosis of MM cells and its dependency on angiogenesis in the bone marrow that is carried out by different microRNAs.     

RNA-Seq在老年神经退行性疾病研究中的应用

阿尔茨海默病及帕金森病是老年人最常见的两种神经退行性疾病,但其发病机制及治疗是研究的热点。随着高通量测序技术的进步及成本的下降,RNA-Seq也成为神经退行性疾病机制研究及生物标志物发现的有力手段。RNA-Seq相对于microarray具有高灵敏度、高准确性、高重复性以及噪声低等优势,在阿尔茨海默病及帕金森病研究中有较为广泛的应用,包括检测差异表达基因,可变剪接、新长链非编码RNA预测分析和miRNAs调控等,但是容易受病理复杂性及样本等因素影响。目前阿尔茨海默病及帕金森病转录组研究相比于癌症等还不够深入,在临床诊断及治疗应用还面临较大挑战。但是随着新技术及新方法的发展,RNA-Seq将进一步推动神经退行性相关疾病的研究和临床转化。     

安徽巢湖市丝虫病控制、消除历程和监测报告

【摘要】 目的  回顾并总结巢湖市丝虫病的流行、控制,以及消除丝虫病的历程。 方法  统计分析1970~1989年在该市采取以消灭传染源、切断传播途径为主的防治策略,以及展开大规模防治的各个阶段。 结果  1989年,采用分层整群抽样调查方法调查,微丝蚴率下降至0.032%,以行政村为单位,微丝蚴率已控制在1.0%以下,达到卫生部规定的基本消灭丝虫病标准;1991年,经省级调查考核,认定全市已达到卫生部规定的基本消灭丝虫病标准。1996年,省级审评确认已达到卫生部颁布的消灭丝虫病标准。经过10年的监测和跟踪治疗,到2005年,全市丝虫病病原学监测未查见微丝蚴阳性者,解剖镜检人房内淡色库蚊1 348只,蚊体内均未查见人体幼丝虫。 结论  巢湖市达到了消除丝虫病的标准。     

Advanced Evaluation of the Freeze–Thaw Damage of Concrete Based on the Fracture Tests

This paper presents the results of an experimental program aimed at the assessment of the freeze–thaw (F–T) resistance of concrete based on the evaluation of fracture tests accompanied by acoustic emission measurements. Two concretes of similar mechanical characteristics were manufactured for the experiment. The main difference between the C1 and C2 concrete was in the total number of air voids and in the A300 parameter, where both parameters were higher for C1 by about 35% and 52%, respectively. The evaluation of the fracture characteristics was performed on the basis of experimentally recorded load–deflection and load–crack mouth opening displacement diagrams using two different approaches: linear fracture mechanics completed with the effective crack model and the double-K model. The results show that both approaches gave similar results, especially if the nonlinear behavior before the peak load was considered. According to the results, it can be stated that continuous AE measurement is beneficial for the assessment of the extent of concrete deterioration, and it suitably supplements the fracture test evaluation. A comparison of the results of fracture tests with the resonance method and splitting tensile strength test shows that all testing methods led to the same conclusion, i.e., the C1 concrete was more F–T-resistant than C2. However, the fracture test evaluation provided more detailed information about the internal structure deterioration due to the F–T exposure.