儿童代谢综合征与原发性高血压靶器官损害的关系

目的探讨儿童代谢综合征与原发性高血压靶器官损害的关系。方法对2007年1月至2015年12月在首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院确诊的165例原发性高血压的10岁及10岁以上患儿进行靶器官损害的评估,并将其分为代谢综合征组(58例)和无代谢综合征组(107例),比较两组患儿靶器官损害的情况,进行统计学分析。结果 165例患儿中,58例(35.2%)合并代谢综合征。代谢综合征组和无代谢综合征组总的靶器官损害发生率分别为84.5%(49/58)和60.7%(65/107),心脏损害发生率分别为48.3%(28/58)和30.8%(33/107),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。糖耐量受损者靶器官损害发生率为86.1%(31/36),明显高于血糖正常者64.3%(83/129),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。应用多因素Logistic回归分析显示,代谢综合征、病程6个月和平均舒张压≥80 mmHg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)是靶器官损害的独立危险因素。结论儿童原发性高血压合并代谢综合征者发生靶器官损害概率明显高于无代谢综合征者,是靶器官损害的独立危险因素;对于原发性高血压患儿常规进行糖代谢等代谢指标检测利于早期发现靶器官损害,以采取有效干预措施。     

儿童少年期高血压左室结构及心功能的超声评价

目的 观察儿童少年期原发性高血压左室结构及心功能的变化,对高血压患儿靶器官异常进行评估.方法 应用超声心动图对47例儿童少年期原发性高血压患儿和62名健康体查者进行检查,测量其心脏结构和功能改变.结果 高血压组舒张末期室间隔厚度(IVST.D)、舒张末期左室后壁厚度(LVPWT.D)、舒张末期左室内径(LVED.D)、收缩末期左室内径(LVES.D)、左室质量(LVM)、左室质量指数(LVMI)较正常组显著增高(P均<0.01),射血分数(EF)、左室短轴缩短率(FS)较正常组降低(P<0.05).舒张早期充盈峰速度(E峰)较正常组下降,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),舒张晚期充盈峰速度(A峰)上升(P<0.05),E/A显著下降(P<0.01).11 例患儿存在左室肥厚(LVH),出现心脏构型改变.结论 在儿童少年期原发性高血压病中,作为病变累及的靶器官心脏存在结构和功能的异常改变.     

病毒性心肌炎患儿血清肌钙蛋白Ⅰ检查的临床意义

目的探讨病毒性心肌炎(VM)患儿血清肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)水平及其临床意义.方法采用ELISA法测定66例VM患儿入院及治疗前后血清cTnI浓度.观察血清cTnI与心电图及心功能的关系,以及治疗前后超声心动图预后指标变化.结果儿童VM血清cTnI显著升高,其升高幅度与心电图异常和心功能损害程度一致;VM治疗前后cTnI峰值下降幅度(dcTnI)＞50 %,超声心动图显示预后判断指标优于dcTnI＜50 %(P均＜0.01).结论血清cTnI可作为儿童VM早期诊断及预后评价的指标之一.     

原发性和继发性高血压患儿动态血压监测特点

目的 探讨儿童原发性高血压与继发性高血压的血压特点,提高对儿童高血压的病因识别.方法 选择2003年11月-2011年3月在首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院高血压科住院的高血压患儿为研究对象,按其病因分为原发性高血压和继发性高血压2组.患儿均常规测定身高、体质量、空腹血糖、血Cr、血尿酸、血脂及肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ和醛固酮水平,并计算体质量指数(BMI).行手测血压、24 h动态血压监测,分析2组间日间、夜间收缩压(SBP)及舒张压(DBP)水平、日间、夜间SBP及DBP血压负荷等指标.结果 高血压患儿中男19例,女6例;年龄(12.4±2.5)岁.原发组患儿体质量和BMI均高于继发组患儿[(70.94±31.46)kg vs (45.93±14.62)kg; (24.98±6.96) kg·m-2 vs (19.13±4.89) kg·m-2],2组间差异均有统计学意义(P =0.013,0.031).与原发组患儿比较,继发组患儿的日间平均DBP水平[(91.14±10.67) mmHg vs (79.06±10.42) mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133kPa)]、夜间平均DBP水平明显升高[(81.43±12.71)mmHg vs (66.83±12.49) mmHg],日间SBP负荷[(79.46±18.17)％ vs(46.88±33.29)％],夜间SBP负荷[(89.02±15.74)％vs54.22 ±27.91)％],日间DBP血压负荷[(62.87±31.33)％ vs(30.94±27.36)％],差异均有统计学意义(Pa＜0.05).结论 原发性高血压患儿多伴有肥胖.继发性高血压患儿动态血压监测中日间和夜间DBP水平增高、日间和夜间SBP负荷、日间DBP负荷高.在儿童中动态监测血压水平,可帮助鉴别病因.     

139例小儿原发性膀胱输尿管反流临床分析

目的 分析小儿原发性膀胱输尿管反流(VUR)的发病情况、肾损害评价、预后等临床资料.方法 回顾性分析974例尿路感染患儿中的139例小儿原发性VUR患儿的反流发生情况、肾瘢痕形成、尿路B超、尿微量蛋白、预后等临床资料.结果 尿路感染患儿中VUR发生率为14.3%(139/974).婴幼儿期(＜2岁)发生率最高为17.2%(79/458),139例患儿中79例(56.8%)患儿年龄＜2岁,且男性所占比例高于女性(P=0.001).轻度(Ⅰ-Ⅱ级)、中度(Ⅲ级)、重度(Ⅳ-Ⅴ级)反流所占比例分别为19.7%(41/208)、35.6%(74/208)、44.7%(93/208).VUR患儿中肾瘢痕发生率为37.O%(50/135),在不同年龄段中婴儿期(＜1岁)发生率最高(42.4%).50例肾瘢痕患儿中30例(60.0%)年龄在2岁之内,随着反流级别加重,发生肾瘢痕危险性亦提高(P＜0.05).尿路B超诊断VUR的灵敏度与特异度分别为24.8%、94.3%.疾病急性感染期尿微量蛋白的升高与肾瘢痕形成无明显相关性(P＞0.05).31例随访患儿中有90%尿路感染控制,44.4%患儿反流消失,57.1%患儿肾瘢痕好转,无肾功能进行性恶化病例.结论 小儿原发性VUR需要及早诊断与治疗,并同时对.肾损害作出正确评估,只有坚持长期的正规治疗与长期随访,才能有效保护肾脏,防止肾瘢痕的形成.     

兰州地区2至15岁儿童幽门螺杆菌现症感染状况及与儿童贫血、铁缺乏症的关系

目的 了解兰州地区2～15岁儿童幽门螺杆菌(helicobacter pylori,Hp)感染与贫血、铁缺乏症的流行病学特征,探讨Hp感染与儿童贫血、铁缺乏症之间的关系.方法 对2007年5月至2011年5月间本院864例门诊及住院患儿进行末梢血Hp抗体快速检测,同时进行血常规及血清铁蛋白(serum ferritin,SF)水平检测.分析Hp现症感染阳性(CIM+、IgG+)与患儿年龄分布特点及患儿贫血、铁缺乏症的发生率,并比较Hp现症感染阳性与阴性患儿的红细胞平均指数和贫血发生率.结果 864例患儿Hp现症感染阳性率为30.4％ (263/864),不同年龄组Hp现症感染阳性率差异有统计学意义(x2 =9.046,P≤0.05).随年龄增加,血清Hp抗体阳性率增加,13～15岁时阳性率达到35.3％.864例患儿中,15.5％ (134/864)存在贫血,27.8％ (240/864)存在铁缺乏症,贫血、铁缺乏症的患病率在不同年龄组间差异无统计学意义(x2 =2.382,P =0.123;x2=3.515,P =0.061).Hp现症感染阳性与Hp阴性患儿MCV、MCH、MCHC指标比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).Hp阳性组贫血发生率高于Hp阴性组(50.1％ vs 1l.9％,x2=125.73,P＜0.001).结论 Hp现症感染的患儿容易患贫血,Hp感染可能是导致儿童贫血的原因之一.     

测定尿N-乙酰-β氨基葡萄糖苷酶在小儿肾脏疾病中的临床意义

本文观察74例儿科肾脏疾患尿N-乙酰-β氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)活力改变.20例急性肾炎中,11例尿酶活力轻度升高,1例急性肾衰的患儿极度升高,尿NAG升高患儿的血尿较尿NAG正常者明显(x.p=0.05)。25例肾病综合征尿酶均明显升高,与急性肾炎相比差异显著(p<0.01)。对急性间质性肾炎、过敏性紫癜肾炎等原发或继发性肾脏疾患的观察结果表明尿NAG检测是一项敏感的指标,对于识别有无肾脏损害具有重要价值。     

病毒性心肌炎患儿血清肌钙蛋白I检查的临床意义

目的　探讨病毒性心肌炎 (VM )患儿血清肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)水平及其临床意义。方法　采用ELISA法测定 6 6例VM患儿入院及治疗前后血清cTnI浓度。观察血清cTnI与心电图及心功能的关系 ,以及治疗前后超声心动图预后指标变化。结果　儿童VM血清cTnI显著升高 ,其升高幅度与心电图异常和心功能损害程度一致 ;VM治疗前后cTnI峰值下降幅度 (dcTnI) >5 0 % ,超声心动图显示预后判断指标优于dcTnI<5 0 % (P均 <0 .0 1)。结论　血清cTnI可作为儿童VM早期诊断及预后评价的指标之一     

新疆牧区哈萨克族原发性高血压患儿与血浆同型半胱氨酸的关系

目的 探讨新疆牧区哈萨克族原发性高血压患儿与血浆同型半胱氨酸的关系.方法 选择来自新疆牧区的原发性高血压患儿84例(病例组),对照组100例,抽取空腹静脉血,检测血浆同型半胱氨酸水平,分析原发性高血压与血同型半胱氨酸的关系.结果 在校正性别、年龄、体重指数、高血压家族史后,与对照组相比,病例组患儿的血同型半胱氨酸水平增高(P＜0.001)；Logistic分析结果提示随着血同型半胱氨酸水平的增高,高血压的患病风险增高(OR=10.23,P＜0.001)；偏相关分析结果提示血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与收缩压和舒张压均呈正相关(r=0.722,P＜0.001;与r=0.534,P＜0.001).结论 新疆牧区哈萨克族儿童高血压及血压水平与血浆同型半胱氨酸水平相关,血浆同型半胱氨酸水平增高是新疆牧区哈萨克族儿童高血压的独立危险因素.     

循环内皮细胞和内皮祖细胞与儿童原发性高血压关系的研究进展

近年来,儿童原发性高血压患病率增加迅速.高血压可造成靶器官损害,其中包括心、脑、肾等重要脏器.血管损伤是高血压靶器官损害的核心问题,其机制涉及到肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统的激活、氧化应激反应、血管慢性炎症及内皮细胞功能障碍等.血管内皮细胞损伤可引起血管内皮功能障碍,其本质是内皮损伤和修复之间动态平衡的破坏,是心血管疾病发生发展的始动环节.循环内皮细胞和内皮祖细胞被认为是血管损伤、重塑以及内皮功能障碍的非侵入性标志物.该文通过总结相关文献,阐述原发性高血压患儿血管损伤与内皮细胞损伤之间的关系,深化对儿童原发性高血压的发病机制的认识.     

Resilience in Families with a Child with Cancer

The aim of this study was to identify and explore resilience factors associated with family adaption after a child had been diagnosed with cancer. Using a cross-sectional survey research design, parents (n = 26), and children (n = 25) from the same families independently completed six self-report questionnaires, as well as responded to an open-ended question about those qualities that helped their family through the period following the diagnosis. The most significant results came from the children's data. According to these results, connectedness within the family, the experience of control over life events, family routines, positive, and supportive communication, redefinition of crisis situations, and lastly, a passive appraisal of crisis situations, were positively linked to better family adaptation. The identified factors should be strengthened and developed in families finding themselves in a similar situation.     

Colonization with Clostridium difficile in Children with Cancer

Objective

Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacillus. Usually it does not cause disease unless a patient who is colonized with toxin-producing strains has been treated with antibiotics, particularly those that change the anaerobic flora of the large intestine.

Methods

We investigated in a prospective study intestinal colonization of C. difficile and its toxins in children with malignancy that used different antibiotics and cytotoxic drugs.

Findings

One hundred fifty-two patients were included in this prospective study. Stool samples were obtained within the first 48 hours after admission and cultured for C. difficile; cytopathic effect of C. difficile was detected on HELA cells, also ELISA test was performed for detection of toxins A and B. 25% of patients had positive culture for C. difficile; 36/38 (92%) revealed positive cytopathic effect on HELA cells. No significant relation was found between age, gender, history of antibiotic consumption and C. difficile positive culture and cytopathic effect on HELA cells. The only relation was seen between cotrimoxazol usage and cytopathic effect on HELA cells (P=0.03).

Conclusion

Although the rate of C. difficile colonization (25.6%) and toxigenic strains (23.7%) in admitted children in hematologic ward is high, the rate of ELISA positive test for toxin A+B was not correspond with culture and cytopatic effect on HELA cell. With respect to sensitivity and specificity of ELISA test, possibility for existence of toxin C with cytopathic effect is high in this type of patients.     

Treatment with Probucol of Children with Familial Hypercholesterolemia

ABSTRACT. Nine children with familial hypercholesterolaemia, age range 2 to 12 years, were treated with a low cholesterol diet and probucol (10 mg/kg/day). The year before, the children received, as only treatment, a low fat-cholesterol diet. During this period their mean plasma total cholesterol level fell from 8.2±1.45 mmol/l to 7.17±0.84 mmol/l (12.6%). This level was further reduced to 5.92±0.63 mmol/l (17.1%) after the addition of probucol. Plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were lowered in absolute terms but not in relation to total cholesterol. No apparent side effects were observed. However, the use of probucol should be restricted for the moment to severe cases of hypercholesterolaemia as the long-term excretion of the drug in children is not yet known.     

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia

Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia is defined as a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by leukoerythroblastosis, tear drop erythrocytes, extramedullary hematopoesis and varying degree of myelofibrosis. It may be idiopathic or secondary to a large number of conditions. Here is a rare case of myelofibrosis occurring in a patient with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.     

Therapeutic experience with hepatoblastoma associated with trisomy 18

Trisomy 18 is often fatal, but patients with this disease can now have longer survival due to proactive treatment intervention. However, hepatoblastomas may develop in these patients. In this study, we report four cases of hepatoblastoma associated with trisomy 18. All of the patients had congenital heart disease and three had undergone intracardiac surgical repair. Tumor growth was relatively slow in all cases, and there were no problems with chemotherapy tolerability and surgical resection. Three of the patients are currently disease‐free and the fourth is alive with remaining of the tumor. These cases suggest that combined chemotherapy and surgical resection may be an option to treat hepatoblastoma associated with trisomy 18 when cardiac pulmonary function is relatively stable.     

Tyrosinemia associated with perinatal infection with cytomegalovirus.

A premature infant presented with elevated concentrations of tyrosine in blood and urine, evidence of hepatocellular damage, demineralization of the bones, and a renal Fanconi syndrome. This is the clinical picture found in hereditary tyrosinemia. The infant also had a perinatal infection with cytomegalovirus.