汉防己甲素联合屈洛昔芬逆转K562/A02细胞耐药的研究

目的 :探讨汉防己甲素 (Tet)联合屈洛昔芬 (Drol)对耐药细胞系K5 62 /A0 2的逆转作用。方法 :采用四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法 (MTT法 )测定柔红霉素 (DNR)的细胞毒性。结果 :1μmol·L-1Tet、5 μmol·L-1Drol均能增加DNR对耐药细胞系K5 62 /A0 2的细胞毒作用 ,半数抑制量 (IC50 )分别为 (7.2 8± 2 .0 6)mg·L-1和 (7.5 8± 3 .44 )mg·L-1,逆转倍数分别为 2 .94和2 .82倍。两药联合应用后作用明显增强 ,IC50 为 (1.66± 0 .41)mg·L-1,逆转倍数达 12 .9倍。结论 :单独应用Tet、Drol可部分逆转K5 62 /A0 2细胞的耐药性 ,两药联用具有明显协同效应。     

巩膜隧道式切口白内障囊外摘出及人工晶体植入术后角膜散光临床分析

目的 :探讨巩膜隧道式切口对人工晶体植入术后角膜散光及视力的影响。方法 :对 33眼采用巩膜隧道式切口行白内障囊外摘出及人工晶体植入术 ,30眼采用角膜缘阶梯状切口行白内障囊外摘出及人工晶体植入术 ,比较术后角膜散光及视力的变化。结果 :巩膜隧道式切口术后 5 d平均角膜散光 ( 3.1 5± 1 .5 4 ) D,术后 3个月 ( 1 .1 9± 0 .4 8) D;对照组为 ( 5 .1 2± 2 .1 3) D和 ( 3.2 5± 1 .5 8) D,两组比较有显著性差异 ( P<0 .0 5 )。术后 5 d裸眼视力≥ 0 .5者 2 6眼 ,占 78.8% ;对照组 1 0眼 ,占 33.3% ,两组比较有显著性差异 ( P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :巩膜隧道式切口白内障囊外摘出及人工晶体植入术术后视力好、散光小 ,是一种经济、有效的白内障复明手术。     

实验性应力骨折模型兔的生化指标变化

目的　探讨兔应力性骨折发生过程中 ,某些生化指标的变化与应力性骨折发生机制的关系 .方法　选纯种新西兰雄性大白兔 14只 ,体质量 2 .2～ 2 .6 kg,随机分为实验组 (8只 ) ,对照组 (6只 ) .实验组用电刺激器使兔产生跑跳运动 ,每天 30 0次 ,1wk训练 6 d,共 35 d.之后观察各指标血乳酸、磷脂酶 A2、磷酯酰胆碱、磷酯酰丝氨酸等 .结果　以下指标实验组显著高于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 ) :1血清脂质过氧化产物(MDA)实验组与对照组分别为 (0 .9± 0 .2 )和 (0 .6± 0 .1)mmol· L- 1 ;2腓肠肌匀浆磷脂酶 A2 活性 (3.9± 0 .6 )和(2 .6± 1.0 )μkat;3腓肠肌细胞膜磷脂酰丝氨酸 (PS) (139±5 8)和 (142± 1) mg· g- 1 ;4血清 Zn含量 (17.6± 4.9)和(11.9± 2 .4)μmol· L- 1 ;5肌肉组织 Ca2 + 和 Zn含量实验组分别为 (30 .9± 4.7) ,(2 4.9± 3.8)μmol· L- 1 ,对照组分别为(2 5 .2± 2 .2 )和 (2 0 .3± 1.8) μmol· L- 1 ;6腓肠肌线粒体膜Na+ ,K+ - ATP酶活性和线粒体内 Ca2 + 实验组分别为 (1.11±0 .47) μkat· g- 1 ,(3.6± 0 .5 ) μmol· g- 1 ,对照组分别为(0 .6 1± 0 .2 2 ) μkat· g- 1和 (2 .5± 0 .7) μmol· g- 1 .结论　本结果支持应力性骨折的发生是由于肌肉疲劳和 (或 )受损时 ,缓冲运动     

基质金属蛋白酶MMP-2、MMP-9在后发性白内障形成中的变化

目的:探讨兔眼晶状体皮质吸出术后不同时期MMP-2、MMP-9的变化,推断其在后发性白内障形成过程中的作用。方法:选用中国医科大学实验动物部提供的白色家兔42只,随机分成实验组(35只)及对照组(7只)。实验组肌肉注射氯胺酮15mg/kg进行麻醉,由专人行双眼透明晶状体皮质吸出术。术后1%阿托品眼膏散瞳双眼,分别于术后1周、1、2、3、5个月各处死7只兔;对照组不做处理,直接处死。石蜡标本进行免疫组织化学定位检测MMP-2、MMP-9,冷冻标本用Zymography方法进行MMP-2、MMP-9活性测定。结果:①兔眼后发性白内障形成情况:术后不同时期裂隙灯下观察可见术后前3d前房内炎症反应明显,虹膜充血;术后1周可见前囊截缘出现白色环状混浊,但后囊尚透明;术后2周后囊呈薄纱状;1个月出现线条状混浊,2~3个月成条索状混浊,术后5个月后囊明显混浊。②免疫组化结果:对照组晶体上皮细胞胞浆及细胞间质中没有明显的MMP-2、MMP-9表达,实验组MMP-2于术后1~3个月表达增强。③Zymography凝胶检查:对照组可检测到极低的MMP-2、MMP-9活性(呈淡条带);实验组MMP-2活性明显强于对照组,MMP-9无明显差异。④活性分析:对照组MMP-2活性为(0.75±0.10),实验组分别为(3.68±0.12)、(5.18±0.11)、(5.62±0.11)、(6.58±0.11)和(1.19±0.10);实验组MMP-9活性与对照组相比无显著性差异。结论:正常兔晶体囊膜中有MMP-2、MMP-9活性;术后2~3个月囊膜中MMP-2活性增强;术后2~3个月,囊膜中MMP-9无变化;MMP-2与MMP-9比较,前者与后发性白内障的发病关系更密切。     

老年性白内障表面麻醉下颞侧透明角膜切口超声乳化及人工晶体植入术

目的 :观察表面麻醉下颞侧透明角膜切口超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶体植入术的临床效果。方法 :61 6例 ( 645只眼 ) ,表面麻醉下用瑞士产Meyco钻石刀经颞侧透明角膜做一内口 2 .8mm ,外口3.2mm ,隧道长 1 .75mm的切口 ,在切口上方 30度左右角膜做一辅助切口 ,前房内注入透明质酸钠 ,做 5 .5mm连续环形撕囊 ,撕囊过程中出现放射撕裂者 ,用“开罐式”破囊完成余下前囊膜的切开 ,囊内用拦截劈裂法将晶体核分裂乳化吸出后 ,吸出残余皮质 ,植入人工晶体 ,切口自闭 ,术后涂典必殊眼药膏于结膜囊内。结果 :术后视力≥ 0 .5者 1d后占 63.67%,1W 69.79%,1月 77.1 4 %,2月 87.78%;术后角膜散光 ,术前角膜散光 ( 0 .75± 0 .5 8)D ,术后 1W、1月、2月 ,分别为 ( 0 .85± 0 .75 )D、( 0 .82± 0 .5 6)D、( 0 .77± 0 .5 4 )D ;术前角膜散光与术后 1周、1月、2月均无显著差异 ,P>0 .0 5。结论 :此术式与巩膜隧道切口具有相同的术后效果 ,是一种较为理想的术式。     

Caspase-3在柔红霉素诱导的人视网膜色素上皮细胞凋亡中作用

目的　探讨天冬酰胺特异酶切的半胱氨酸蛋白酶(caspase)成员 caspase- 3在柔红霉素诱导的人视网膜色素上皮 (RPE)细胞凋亡中的变化 .方法　原代培养的人 RPE细胞经 2 0 0μg· L- 1 柔红霉素诱导 8,2 4和 36 h后 ,按照 caspase- 3荧光检测试剂盒说明处理细胞 ,再通过荧光比色法间接检测细胞碎片中 caspase- 3的活性 .结果　正常 caspase- 3的活性为(0 .0 94± 0 .0 0 5 ) nmol AFC,8h后增加为 (0 .44 6± 0 .0 2 9)nm ol AFC,2 4h后为 (0 .75 4± 0 .0 5 6 ) nmol AFC,36 h又下降到 (0 .486± 0 .0 33) nmol AFC,但都高于正常水平 (P<0 .0 1) .加入特异性四肽抑制物 DEVD- CHO1μL 后活性为 (0 .0 40±0 .0 0 3) nm ol AFC,显著低于正常 (P<0 .0 1) .结论　 Caspase-3参与了柔红霉素诱导的人视网膜色素上皮细胞的凋亡 ,柔红霉素可使其活性增加 .     

16 Hz 130 dB次声下大鼠肝功能血清酶的变化

目的 :探讨频率 16Hz声压水平 130dB次声作用下大鼠肝功能损伤血清酶系统改变的特点及意义 .方法 :将 36只雄性SD大鼠只随机分为对照组 (6只 ) ,实验组 (30只 )又分为 1,7,14 ,2 1和 2 8d组 5组 ,每组 6只 .在相同频率和声压水平次声环境下每日暴露 1次 ,每次 2h .活杀取其心脏血血清样本通过 76 0 0型自动生化分析仪器做肝功能生化指标检测 .结果 :谷丙转氨酶 (ALT)、谷草转氨酶 (AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和总蛋白 (TP)、白蛋白 (ALB) :对照组检测值分别是 :730± 10 8,2 312± 2 78,30 2 2± 4 32 (nkat·L-1)和 75 .4± 9.8,4 0 .7± 7.2 (g·L-1) .2 1d组 :12 5 0± 12 2 ,335 4± 14 37,6 32 8±5 6 2 (nkat·L-1)和 6 7.4± 6 .6 ,32 .6± 1.4 (g·L-1) ;2 8d组 :114 2± 98,2 82 2± 5 18,2 80 6± 5 18(nkat·L-1)和 70 .3± 2 .7,30 .4± 1.6 (g·L-1) .结果表明次声对大鼠多次作用的肝脏功能损伤是直接的、广泛的 .在相同的频率和声压级情况下 ,会因作用时间不同而有差异 ,并随作用天数的增多其损伤程度加重 ;次声作用 2 8d后肝脏功能血清酶 5项指标有一定的恢复 .结论 :次声作用可以影响肝功能血清酶不同程度的改变 ,2 8d后肝脏功能对次声的损伤作用存在着一定适应性     

ABO血型不合的异基因外周血干细胞移植治疗急性白血病1例

1　临床资料　患者 ,男 ,2 8岁 .2 0 0 0 11因发热 1wk入院 ,血常规示WBC 2 .4× 10 9·L-1,Hb 5 6 g·L-1,PLT 12 2× 10 9·L-1,骨髓检查示增生极度活跃 ,早幼粒细胞 0 .2 4 ,异常中幼粒细胞 0 .5 2 ,确诊急性非淋巴细胞白血病M2b .染色体检查 :4 6XY .查体肝、脾、淋巴结无肿大 .采用柔红霉素及阿糖胞苷联合化疗获得部分缓解 .此后予原方案及HA、MEA、大剂量阿糖胞苷治疗共 8疗程 ,患者仍未达完全缓解 .2 0 0 1 0 7采用拓扑替康及中剂量阿糖胞苷组成新的方案化疗 (拓扑替康 2mg·d-1,阿糖胞苷 1.0 g ,d 1～ 5 ) ,5 0d后WBC 5 .…     

兔眼人工晶体植入术后TIMPs在晶体上皮细胞的表达及其意义

目的　观察白内障囊外摘除及人工晶体植入 (ECC IOL)术后基质金属蛋白酶抑制因子 (TIMPs)在晶体上皮细胞的表达 ,探讨TIMPs以ECCO IOL术后后囊膜混浊的影响。方法　 2 5只健康成年家兔 ,均一只眼行晶体囊外摘除及人工晶体植入术 ,另一只未手术眼作为对照组。每 5兔为一组 ,分别于术后 1、3、7、1 4、30d取出晶状体后囊膜 ,用RT -PCR检测各标本中的TIMPsmRNA的表达 ,对扩增产物用凝交成像系统进行定量分析 ,以TIMP/GAPDH的比值表示TIMPsmRNA的相对表达水平 ,并用羟脯氨酸试剂盒检测晶体囊膜羟脯氨酸量的变化。结果　在常晶体上皮细胞组织均有TIMP - 1、- 2、- 3和 - 4mNA的表达 ;术后第 1天 ,TIMP - 1、- 2、- 3和- 4mRNA均明显升高 ,术后第 7天 ,TIMP - 1、- 2和 - 3RNA的表达量达到最大 ,此后表达式量逐渐下降 ,术后第30天的表达量仍高于对照组 ,术后TIMP - 4mRNA则表现为下降 ;结论　白内障囊外摘除及人工晶体植入术后TIMPsmRNA在晶体上皮细胞的表达均明显升高 ,提示TIMPs可能是抑制白内障囊外摘除及人工晶体植入术后细胞外基质降解的主要因素 ,TIMPs可能是后囊膜混浊的形成和纤维化的重要原因之一。     

兔腰神经根持续压迫时脊髓前角运动细胞的酶学变化

目的 :探讨脊神经根持续性受压损伤后相应脊髓前角运动细胞的酶学变化。方法 :健康雄性日本大耳白兔 30只 ,随机分成实验组与对照组 ,各 15只。实验组行L7椎板切除术后以微血管夹钳夹右侧L7神经根制成神经根机械压迫动物模型 ,对照组仅行L7椎板切除术。分别于术后 3,7,14d切取L7脊髓节段 ,定量分析脊髓前角运动细胞内乙酰胆碱脂酶 (AChE)和酸性磷酸酶 (ACP)的活性变化。结果 :术后 3,7,14d脊髓前角运动细胞AChE活性以灰度值表示分别为 180 .88± 11.2 2、2 0 7.30± 9.12、2 15 .0 3± 7.92 ,ACP活性分别为 15 5 .31± 16 .2 4、133.0 8± 7.6 9、10 7.4 1± 7.88,与对照组比较差异十分显著 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :脊神经根持续受压可导致其相应脊髓节段前角运动细胞功能受损、兴奋性降低     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.