浅谈微波消融治疗肝癌的手术配合技巧

目的探讨超声引导经皮穿刺微波消融肝癌手术的术中护理配合方法,减少并发症的发生,提高手术成功率。方法对185例进行超声引导经皮微波消融肝癌的手术患者给予充分的术前准备、心理护理、加强手术中观察、提高术中护理配合技巧。结果本组185例肝癌患者均顺利完成微波消融手术治疗,1例出现严重并发症结肠漏外(1/185、0.54%),1例麻醉意外(1/185、0.54%),1例严重心率失常(1/185、0.54%),其余均为消融后综合征(包括患者最常出现的低热和不适及伴有寒颤、疼痛和恶心等症状统称为消融后综合征)。由于术中讲究配合技巧185例肝癌患者中无1例发生皮肤灼伤、细菌感染、针道种植、膈肌损伤等并发症。结论在超声引导经皮穿刺微波消融肝癌手术中,严格执行操作规程、熟练掌握配合技巧能提高手术成功率、降低并发症的发生。     

超声引导微波消融治疗原发性肝癌及围手术期的护理

目的探讨超声引导微波消融治疗原发性肝癌的围手术期护理要点。方法对56例原发性肝癌患者进行超声引导微波消融治疗。术前给予健康教育及心理护理,术中给予病情观察及相应的护理。结果所有患者均顺利完成治疗,未发生与治疗及护理相关的严重并发症。结论术前给予健康教育及术中严密观察病情,对微波消融并发症的原因及特点给予针对性的预防处理,使患者以良好的心理状态接受治疗及配合术中的操作,对保证治疗顺利进行、减少并发症的发生有重要意义。     

22例微波凝固治疗甲状腺良性结节围手术期护理体会

目的探讨超声引导下经皮穿刺微波凝固治疗甲状腺良性结节的围手术期护理。方法做好健康宣教,心理护理、术前准备,术中配合监测生命体征,应用药物;术后做好监测生命体征、并发症观察及饮食护理。结果 22例患者术后均无明显相关并发症。结论经皮穿刺微波凝固治疗甲状腺良性结节,可有效预防并发症,基本不留刀疤、损伤小、恢复快、疗效确切、安全可靠,可有效保护甲状腺功能,是一种有效的治疗方法。     

WS-4微波刀直接切割功能在肝脏手术中的应用

目的在切肝手术中应用具备直接手术切割功能的微波刀.方法61例肝癌病人用WS-4微波刀手术直接切割肝组织,对小于等3mm的动、静脉血管、胆管均同时闭合,失血少,无手术并发症;穿刺固化治疗可形成4cm直径的肝癌组织失活区.结论WS-4微波刀可用于肝脏的直接手术切割,也可用于肝癌的穿刺固化灭活.     

微波消融治疗仪在肝癌手术护理中的应用体会

目的探讨肝癌患者使用微波消融治疗仪（微波刀）切除肝癌术中的护理方法和护理效果。方法对在肝癌治疗术中采用微波刀切除肝癌的43例患者进行围手术期护理和术中护理配合,观察护理疗效。结果通过精心的围手术期护理,术中出血量少（平均出血量300m1）,手术时间短（约2h）,无1例死亡。结论采用微波刀切除肝癌,无需肝门阻断,止血效果好,有良好的治疗效果。正确的围手术期护理和术中恰当的护理配合,有利于手术时间的缩短和术中出血的减少,保证了手术的顺利进行。     

超声引导经皮微波凝固治疗原发性肝癌的配合及护理

目的 探讨超声引导经皮微波凝固治疗原发性肝癌的配合及护理方法.方法 回顾性分析70例原发性肝癌患者在超声引导经皮微波凝固治疗中,护理人员在治疗前、中、后与医、患的密切配合,对患者的观察和护理措施.结果 70例肝癌患者绝大多数顺利完成了微波治疗,其中有二例发生与穿刺有关的并发症.结论 医、护、患应密切配合,才能保证治疗的顺利进行,发现问题及时采取措施,减少并发症的发生和提高疗效.     

90例CT引导下冷循环微波刀治疗的护理配合

冷循环微波刀是肿瘤微创治疗新进展,是一种新兴的肿瘤治疗手段,是传统的经皮穿刺微波凝固治疗肿瘤的改良治疗方式,属微创介入疗法,其治疗方法对正常组织影响非常小,副作用低,病人恢复快,无伤痕,治疗后确保身体不受损伤,对提高患者生存质量及延长生命具有重要价值.目前,冷循环微波刀在原发性肝癌、肺癌、胃肠道实体病、转移性肝癌及不能手术的肝癌临床方面积累了丰富的经验,已广泛用于临床,而术中护理配合是保证穿刺成功的重要因素.我科自2009年以来,在CT引导下行冷循环微波刀穿刺90例,穿刺成功率达100%,现就术中护理配合报道如下.     

超声引导经皮微波治疗原发性肝癌的临床护理及近期疗效分析

目的 总结超声引导经皮微波治疗原发性肝癌的临床护理,评估临床护理对疗效的重要作用.方法 术前指导患者屏气训练,并对患者进行心理护理;术中积极配合医生,提高穿刺成功率,防止并发症发生;术后严密监测,做好发热、疼痛等不良反应的护理及营养护理.结果 随访20例患者,16例存活,4例死亡,术后患者AFP明显下降或正常,Child分级改善,瘤体减少、凝固.结论 超声引导经皮微波治疗原发性肝癌是一种有效的治疗方法,做好治疗前后的护理,对提高临床疗效有重要意义.     

穿刺射频消融治疗肝癌230例围手术处理

目的:总结超声引导射频治疗肝癌转移的围手术期处理要点。方法:对230例肝癌无法手术切除的患者,进行超声引导射频治疗208例,破腹术中射频治疗22例。术前给予健康教育及心理护理,术后给予病情观察及相应的护理。结果:所有患者顺利通过治疗,未发生与治疗及护理相关的严重并发症。行穿刺射频消融者术后2～4 d出院,随访3～30个月,6个月生存率为93.9%,1年生存率为27.0%。结论:术前给予健康教育及术后严密观察病情,对射频消融术后并发症的原因及特点,给予针对性的预防处理,使患者有良好的心理状态接受治疗及配合术中的操作,对保证治疗顺利进行,减少并发症的发生有重要意义。     

微波固化加肝切除治疗原发性肝癌(附32例报告)

目的：探讨微波固化肝切除治疗肝癌的临床应用价值。方法：应用微波固化加肝切除治疗32例肝癌，并与同期传统方法切除28例肝癌进行比较。结果：32例微波肝切除每例平均出血量410ml，切肝时间平均76min，仅1例行肝门阻断，并发症为2例，传统切肝28例，平均出血量1100ml，切肝时间平均102min，23例需阻断第1肝门，并发症5例。两组病例生存时间无显著差异。但微波切肝组术后切缘复发仅1例，而传统切肝组6例。结论：微波固化加肝切除治疗肝癌出血量小，并发症少，可减少切缘复发。是一种安全、有效的手术方式，值得推广应用。     

UniPron is A Fully Effective Non-hormonal Reversible Contraceptive in Baboon Model （Papio Anubis）

Objective To determine the safety and efficacy of UniPron as a reversible contraceptive.
Methods Vaginal swabs were obtained before and after UniPron administration, cultured onto appropriate culture media and bacteria identification was done based on type of media used, Gram stain reactions, colony morphology and biochemical tests. Vaginal biopsy tissues were processed using paraffin wax method, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined under light microscopy to determine the effect of the product on vaginal tissues. The effect of UniPron on sperm was examined by mixing the product with electroejaculated spermatozoa in vitro at different concentrations. For efficacy studies, male baboons of proven fertility were mated with UniPron treated or untreated females of proven fertility during the fertile stages.
Results All the five females （100%） that were treated with UniPron did not conceive and they regained total fertility when the treatment was stopped while all the controls conceived. At a concentration of 40%, UniPron completely immobilized spermatozoa in an in-vitro system. UniPron mechanism of action was by lowering the vaginal pH and on application in baboon, the pH was lowered for at least 3 h after which it went back to normal.
Conclusions As we plan for a study to test UniPron as a microbicide to prevent STIs including HIV, our current study has established that this novel product is effective in contraception and harmless to vaginal tissues and vaginal microbial flora in a baboon model （Papio anubis）.     

Evaluation of diuretic and laxative activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Desmostachya bipinnata （L,） Stapf in rats

OBJECTIVE： In continuation to the growing evidence for therapeutical potential of Desmostachya bipinnata （Linn） Stapf, the current pharmacological study was carried out to evaluate the diuretic and laxative activity of its hydro-alcoholic extract in rats. METHODS： The hydro-alcoholic extract of D. bipinnata whole plant was prepared by using Sox- hlet extractor and subjected to analysis by standard preliminary phytochemical tests. Evaluation of both diuretic and laxative activity was carried out using standard methods as reported earlier. Frusemide （20 mg/kg） was served as positive control for diuretic activity and sennosides （10 mg/kg） served as negative control for laxative activity. RESULTS： The hydro-alcoholic extract showed significant diuretic activity and was found to be the most potent in increasing the urinary output at 500 mg/kg when the effect was compared with that of the standard frusemide （P〈0.01）. Moreover, this extract was found to be most effective in increasing urinary electrolyte concentration （Na＋, K＋, and Cl-） at both doses tested. Whereas the results for laxative activity showed minimal increase of feces output at the dose of 500 mg/kg and the increase was negligible when compared with that of the standard drug sennosides. CONCLUSION： Altogether, the above significant findings validate and support its folkloric diuretic use and lend pharmacological credence to the ethno-medical use of this plant in traditional system of medicine, which demands further studies to investigate its active constituents, as well as its use and safety.     

Effect of the disruption of three cytoskeleton components on chondrocyte metabolism in rabbit knee cartilage

Background Chondrocytes＇ phenotype and biosynthesis of matrix are dependent on having an intact cytoskeletal structure.Microfilaments,microtubules,and intermediate filaments are three important components of the cytoskeletal structure of chondrocytes.The aims of this study were to determine and compare the effects of the disruption of these three cytoskeletal elements on the apoptosis and matrix synthesis by rabbit knee chondrocytes in vitro.Methods Chondrocytes were isolated from full-thickness knee cartilage of two-month-old rabbits using enzymatic methods （n=24）.The isolated cells were stabilized for three days and then exposed to low,medium,and high doses of chemical agents that disrupt the three principal cytoskeletal elements of interest：colchicine for microtubules,acrylamide for intermediate filaments,and cytochalasin D for actin microfilaments.A group of control cells were treated with carrier.Early apoptosis was assessed using the Annexin-FITC binding assay by flow cytometry on days 1 and 2 after exposure to the disrupting chemical agents.The components and distribution of the cytoskeleton within the cells were analyzed by laser scanning confocal microscopy （LSCM） with immunofluorescence staining on day 3.The mRNA levels of aggrecan （AGG） and type Ⅱ collagen （Col-2） and their levels in culture medium were analyzed using real-time PCR and enzymelinked immunosorbent serologic assay （ELISA） on days 3,6,and 9.Results In the initial drug-dose-response study,there was no significant difference in the vitality of cells treated with 0.1 μmol/L colchicine,2.5 mmol/L acrylamide,and 10 μg/L cytochalasin D for two days when compared with the control group of cells.The concentrations of colchicine and acrylamide treatment selected above significantly decreased the number of viable cells over the nine-day culture and disrupted significantly more cell nuclei.Real-time PCR and ELISA results showed that the mRNA levels and medium concentrations of AGG and Col-2 were significantly decreased for     

Liuwei Dihuang,a traditional Chinese herbal formula,suppresses chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in obese rats

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and adipokine-ameliorating effects of Liuwei Dihuang （LWDH）, a traditional Chinese herbal formula, in obese rats. METHODS： After 2 weeks of acclimation with free access to regular rodent chow and water, obese-prone-caesarean-derived （OP-CD） rats were fed a modified AIN-93G diet containing 60% energy from fat. Treatment was performed twice daily by gavage feeding with 500, 1 500, or 3 500 mg/kg body weight LWDH suspended in water （n=12 rats per group）. Twelve obese-resistant-CD （OR-CD） rats were fed the atherogenic diet and gavaged with water, and served as the normal control. Blood biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and adiponectin were measured post-sacrifice and used to determine the treatment effect of LWDH and assess the suitability of OR/OP-CD rats for studying these parameters. RESULTS： After 9 weeks of treatment, LWDH lowered serum C-reactive protein （CRP） and tumour necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） levels. Serum interleukin-6 （IL-6） levels showed a tendency towards reduction, but were not significantly different from the OP-CD control. Liver superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity was increased in response to all three doses of LWDH, while the levels of reduced （GSH） and oxidized glutathione （GSSG） and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBARS） were unchanged. Serum adiponectin levels were increased in response to oral administration of LWDH at the dose of either 500 or 1 500 mg/kg body weight. In addition, comparisons between OR-CD and OP-CD rats revealed differential, and for some biomarkers, conflicting characteristics of high-fat diet-fed OP-CD rats in reference to obese human subjects in terms of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers and circulating adiponectin levels. CONCLUSION： The results show, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress and adiponectin-ameliorating effects of LWDH in obese rats. The suitability of the OP-JOP-CD rat model as     

New Mechanism of Herb-herb Interaction between Ginseng and Trogopterus Based on CYPs in Rat Livers

The study was designed to investigate the potential mechanism of herb-herb interaction between ginseng and Trogopterus （Trg） based on Cytochrome P450 isozymes （CYPs） in rat livers. We estimated the influence on CYP1A2, CYP2E1, and CYP3A1/2 activity caused by ginseng and Trg used in combination. The CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 enzyme activity were induced by ginseng and Trg used in combination. And this induction effect was caused via inducing CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 protein expression which was supposed caused by inducing the gene expression of CYP1A2 and CYP2E1.     

Iloprost inhibits fracture repair in rats

Background Previous studies have shown that prostaglandins （PGs） dramatically stimulate healing processes in bone.However,the effect of prostaglandin l2 （PGI2） on fracture healing remains unclear.To investigate the effect of PGI2,a study on fracture healing process in closed tibia fractures was designed.Methods Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomized into two groups.On the first day,their right tibias were fractured by three-point bending technique.The study group （n=18） received a single injection of 10 μg/kg iloprost for 5 days,while the control group （n=18） received saline solution in the same way.On the 7th,14th and 28th days following the fracture,six rats were sacrificed and their right legs were harvested in each group.The progression of fracture healing was assessed for each specimen by the scores of radiography （by Lane-Sandhu） and histology （by Huo et al）.Results On the 7th day,the radiographic and histologic scores were equal.On the 14th day radiographic total score was 6 and histologic total score was 23 in the iloprost group,whereas radiographic total score was 11 and histologic total score was 33 in the control group.On the 14th day radiographic and histologic scores were significantly decreased in the iloprost group compared to the control group （P 〈0.05）.On the 28th day radiographic total score was 12 and histologic total score was 37 in the iloprost group,whereas radiographic total score was 15 and histologic total score was 40 in the control group.On the 28th day although there was a decrease in radiographic and histologic scores of the iloprost group acording to control group,it was not statistically significant （P 〉0.05）.Conclusion Iloprost delays fracture healing in early stage in rats.     

Effect of Shenfu on the Expression of Bcl-2 and Bax of Intestinal Mucosal Epithelial Cells after Ischemic Reperfusion in Rats

Objective To study the effect of Shenfu on the expression of bax and bcl-2 in small intestinal mucosal epithelial cells after ischemic reperfusion injury and explore the effect of Shenfu on small intestinal mucosal epithelial cells apoptosis. Methods 36 SD rats were randomized into three groups, each consisting of 12 rats： Sham group （S group）, Ischemic reperfusion group （IR group）, Shenfu group （SF group）, Ischemic reperfusion models were made by ligated the superior menseneric artery for 1 hour followed by 2 hrs reperfusion. Histological mucosal damage in each group was graded according to Chiu＇s score. Immunohistochemistry detected the expression of bax and bcl-2, and obtained the optical density （OD） value using a color image pattern analysis system, and then calculated the ratio of bcl-2/bax. TUNEL method measured apoptotic intestinal mucosal epithelial cells, and calculated the apoptotic index. Results There were edema and epithelial impairment in part of villus and the integral was higher in SF group than S group （P〈0.05）, but lower than IR group （P〈0.01）. Compared IR group with S group and SF group, the average OD value of bcl-2 and bax had significant statistic difference （P〈0.01）, and the average OD value of bcl-2 in SF group was higher than in S group （P〈0.05）, meanwhile bcl-2/bax was significantly lower in IR group than in S group and SF group （P〈0.01）, but that was higher in SF group than in S group （P〈0.05）. Apoptotic index in IR group was significantly higher than that in other two groups （P〈0.01）, and that in SF group was higher than in S group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Shenfu can enhance the expression of bcl-2, decrease the expression of bax, meanwhile increase the ratio of bcl-2/bax, inhibit small intestinal mucosal epithetlial cells apoptosis, and protect small intestine mucosal epithetlial after ischemic reperfusion.     

补肾活血方对PCOS大鼠模型卵巢中PAI-1mRNA表达的影响

目的探讨补肾活血方对大鼠PCOS模型卵巢局部纤溶酶原激活物抑制因子-1（PAI—1mRNA）表达的影响。方法选用未成年24d龄SD雌性大鼠60只,随机分为模型组、克罗米酚组、补肾活血方高剂量组、补肾活血方低剂量组、正常对照组5组。用Bogovich法建立大鼠多囊卵巢病理模型。以克罗米酚为对照。用原位杂交法观察补肾活血方对多囊卵巢大鼠局部PAI—1mRNA的影响。结果模型组卵巢局部PAI—1mRNA存在卵泡膜间质细胞显著增高,用补肾活血方高、低剂量与克罗米酚药后,卵巢局部PAI-1mRNA的表达明显降低．差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05、P〈0．01）。补肾活血方高剂量组与克罗米酚组比较,差异具有显著统计学意义（P〈0．01）;低荆量组与克罗米酚组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,补肾活血方高、低剂量组比较,低剂量组卵泡膜间质细胞上PAI-1的基因表达增高更明显,但二者差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论PAI-1mRNA可能与多囊卵巢综合征的发病机制有关。以补肾活血立法的补肾活血方能降低多囊卵巢大鼠局部PAI—1mRNA的显著增高表达．降低PAI—1mRNA卵巢局部的作用。提示补肾活血方可能通过PAI—1mRNA途径促进卵巢排卵的机制。     

表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂在非小细胞肺癌应用的瓶颈——获得性耐药

以表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor,EGFR-TKI）分子靶向治疗研究为肇始,转化性研究使基础实验和临床实践间的鸿沟迅速填平,改变着人们认识治疗肺癌的视角。无可否认,EGFR-TKI上市后极大地延伸了肿瘤学家治疗肺癌的手段,但不管从临床经验、临床研究数据、分子生物学层面还是文献计量学的角度,     

益智健脑颗粒联合针灸对阿尔茨海默病大鼠学习记忆的影响

目的观察益智健脑颗粒联合针灸对阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimers disease,AD）大鼠学习记忆的影响。方法将大鼠随机分为假手术组（A组）、模型组（B组）、针灸组（C组）、益智＋针灸组（D组）各10只,B、C、D 3组分别以海马CA1区注射β淀粉样蛋白25-35（Aβ25-35）造模,A组注射等量的双蒸水,各组分别治疗20 d后行Morris水迷宫试验,观察大鼠学习记忆能力变化。结果B组较A组的平均潜伏期明显延长,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;与B组比较,C组、D组的平均潜伏期明显缩短,过台次数增多,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;与C组比较,D组的潜伏期缩短,过台次数增多,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论益智健脑颗粒联合针灸能够提高Aβ25-35介导的AD模型大鼠的学习记忆能力。