基于2019版Bosniak分级系统对肾囊性病变的MSCT与病理对照研究

目的:探讨如何利用2019版Bosniak分级系统,根据MSCT影像诊断结果制定复杂性肾囊性病变的治疗策略。方法:由两位影像科医生根据2019版Bosniak分级系统,独立对MSCT诊断为复杂肾囊性病变的140例患者的图像进行再次评级,并分析其与术后病理良恶性的关联。结果:将不适用于分级的3例病例排除后,137例复杂性肾囊性病变中术后病理为恶性病变者69例(50.3%),良性病变者68例(49.7%)。两位医师根据Bosniak分级系统对于肾恶性病变鉴别的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.971(95%CI:0.939～1.003)、0.949(95%CI:0.912～0.987);两位医师诊断的一致性Kappa值为0.597(P<0.001)。对于恶性病变的诊断界值,甲医师为Ⅳ级,诊断敏感度为97.1%,特异度为95.6%;乙医师为ⅡF级,诊断敏感度为97.1%,特异度为82.4%。结论:2019版Bosniak分级系统对恶性肾囊性病变具有良好的诊断效能。由于临床实践中对过渡级别(ⅡF～Ⅲ)病变的报告准确度存在差异,对于影像评级IIF以上的肾囊性肿物,需根据实际情况谨慎考虑处理策略...     

超声造影与彩色多普勒超声对盆腔肿块良恶性鉴别诊断的对比研究

目的 :探讨超声造影在妇科盆腔肿块良恶性鉴别诊断中的价值。方法 :分析75例盆腔肿块患者(95个肿块)的超声造影检查资料,探讨盆腔良恶性肿块的超声造影表现,对比常规超声和超声造影的鉴别诊断效能。结果:盆腔良恶性肿块的超声造影模式不同,超声造影检出恶性肿瘤的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为91.7%、95.7%、93.7%、95.7%、91.8%;常规超声分别为68.8%、76.6%、72.6%、82.5%、92.3%。两者诊断准确性比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 :超声造影可提供丰富的肿块血流灌注信息,较常规超声明显提高了对盆腔肿块良恶性鉴别诊断效能,值得深入研究和推广应用。     

Bosniak分级在肾脏囊性病变MSCT诊断中的价值

目的 探讨Bosniak分级在肾脏囊性病变的MSCT诊断中的应用价值,提高对肾脏囊性占位的影像学特点的认识.方法 回顾近年来本院经手术、病理证实的肾脏囊性占位共42例,全部病例经过MSCT检查,结合Bosniak分级进行分类,并与病理诊断对照分析.结果 42例肾脏囊性肿物中,BosniakⅠ级4例均为良性,Ⅱ级11例中有1例为恶性,ⅡF级4例中1例为恶性,Ⅲ级13例中5例为恶性,Ⅳ级10例中9例为恶性.结论 Bosniak分级在肾囊性病变的MSCT诊断具有较高的应用价值,有助于肾囊性病变的诊断和鉴别诊断以及临床治疗方案的决策.     

超声弹性成像联合超声造影在甲状腺良恶性结节鉴别诊断中的临床价值

目的 探讨超声弹性成像联合超声造影在甲状腺良恶性结节鉴别诊断中的临床价值.方法 将收治的甲状腺结节性病变患者49例作为研究对象,全部患者均实施常规超声检查、彩色多普勒血流成像检查以及超声造影检查,将病理学诊断作为金标准,统计并对比常规超声和超声弹性成像联合超声造影的临床诊断结果.结果 超声弹性成像联合超声造影检查诊断甲状腺良恶性结节的敏感度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值以及诊断符合率均要显著高于常规超声检查(P＜0.05).结论 在甲状腺良恶性结节鉴别诊断中应用超声弹性成像联合超声造影检查具有较高临床价值,能够显著提高鉴别诊断的准确性与特异性.     

MR扩散加权成像中应用ADC值鉴别良、恶性淋巴结的Meta分析

目的 采用循证医学Meta分析的方法,探讨DWI-ADC值鉴别良、恶性淋巴结的可行性.方法 检索1998年至今公开发表的良、恶性淋巴结DWI-ADC值差别研究的中、英文文献,对符合纳入条件的原始研究进行质量评价,提取特征信息.对提取的信息进行异质性检验.根据异质性检验结果选择相应的效应量合并模型.合并效应量为ADC值差别的加权平均差和诊断性试验的敏感性、特异性、阳性似然比、阴性似然比、诊断比值比,计算验前、验后概率,以定性和定量的方法研究良、恶性淋巴结DWI-ADC值差别及临床应用价值.结果 符合纳入标准的文献共15篇,研究对象735例,淋巴结1963个.Meta回归分析、亚组分析和敏感性分析显示,2项良性淋巴结来自健康对照和1项采用化学位移选择法压脂技术的研究,对汇总结果影响较大,合并效应量时予以剔除.恶性淋巴结与良性淋巴结的ADC值的加权均数差值为-0.355×10-3mm2/s[95％可信区间(CI) -0.423×10-3～-0.288×10-3mm2/s].虽然各研究鉴别良、恶性淋巴结采用的ADC界值不同,但鉴别良、恶性淋巴结的诊断指标稳定,汇总敏感性、特异性、阳性似然比、阴性似然比、诊断比值比和汇总受试者工作特征曲线下面积分别为:0.87(95％ CI:0.79～0.92)、0.87 (95％ CI:0.82～0.90)、6.5 (95％ CI:4.7～9.2)、0.15(95％ CI:0.09～0.25)、43 (95％ CI:21～87)、0.93 (95％ CI:0.90～0.95),ADC提示良性的淋巴结验后恶性率为6％,ADC提示恶性的淋巴结验后恶性率为72％.结论 恶性淋巴结ADC值低于良性淋巴结,是一种准确性较高的鉴别良、恶性淋巴结的无创性检查方法.     

超声造影、增强CT及增强MRI对肾脏占位性病变的诊断价值比较

目的：比较超声造影、增强CT及增强MRI对肾脏占位性病变的诊断价值。资料与方法对78例经常规超声诊断为肾脏占位性病变患者的80个病灶进行实时超声造影检查,39个行增强CT检查,28个行增强MRI检查,其中5个同时行增强CT及增强MRI检查。以病理结果为“金标准”,比较超声造影、增强CT及增强MRI诊断肾脏占位性病变良恶性的价值。结果80个病灶中,57个为恶性病变,23个为良性病变;超声造影诊断肾脏病变良恶性的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为93.0%、69.6%、88.3%、80.0%;增强CT诊断肾脏病变良恶性的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为96.4%、72.7%、90.0%、88.9%;增强MRI诊断肾脏病变良恶性的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为86.4%、66.7%、90.5%、57.1%;3种检查诊断效果间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论超声造影、增强CT及增强MRI对于肾脏占位性病变良恶性的诊断效果相当,临床可以根据各个检查技术的特点,为不同的患者选择适宜的检查,联合应用两种检查方法为肾脏占位性病变的诊断提供了更丰富的信息。     

CT评估2019版Bosniak分级系统对肾囊性病变的诊断价值

目的 评估2019版Bosniak分级系统(Bosniak.v2019)对提高肾脏囊性病变影像诊断准确率的价值。方法 选取经手术治疗的肾脏囊性病变患者的病理和影像学资料，共纳入411例患者，发现囊性病变共495枚，2位医师分别使用2005版(Bosniak.v2005)和2019版Bosniak(Bosniak.v2019)分级系统对囊性病变进行影像学评估。使用Kappa检验评估2位医师评分结果间的一致性；使用ROC曲线评估Bosniak.v2005、Bosniak.v2019对肾恶性囊性病变的诊断效能；采用卡方检验对各级分级评分进行分析。结果 Bosniak.v2019的一致性较Bosniak.v2005有所提高(Kappa系数全部病变为0.851、0.887,肾恶性囊性病变为0.878、0.917);Bosniak.v2005、Bosniak.v2019诊断恶性囊性病变的敏感度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Bosniak.v2019诊断肾恶性病变的特异度、准确度和AUC值均高于Bosniak.v2005(P均<0.05)。Bosniak.v2019中对Ⅰ、Ⅱ类病变诊...     

超声内镜弹性成像鉴别诊断胰腺占位价值研究

目的：探讨超声内镜（EUS）弹性成像在胰腺占位性病变鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法：选择常规影像学检查发现或怀疑胰腺占位性病变23例,对相应病变进行EUS弹性成像检查,观察不同胰腺组织弹性成像特征,分析EUS弹性成像对胰腺占位性病变诊断的灵敏度、特异性及阳性预测值和阴性预测值。结果：23例均成功进行EUS弹性成像检查,并获得可用于结果分析的满意图像。弹性图像色彩模式评分中,判定为良性病变3例,难以确定、不除外恶性病变5例,恶性病变15例。确诊为胰腺癌16例,慢性胰腺炎6例,无功能性胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤1例。在胰腺占位性病变良恶性鉴别诊断中,与临床诊断符合20例,符合率89．0％;诊断的灵敏度100％,特异性57．0％,阳性预测值84．2％,阴性预测值100％。结论：EUS弹性成像在胰腺占位性病变鉴别诊断中具有较高的准确性。     

超声造影诊断胰腺局灶性病变的诊断价值

目的探讨超声造影诊断胰腺局灶性病变的价值.材料和方法对140个胰腺局灶性病变进行常规超声及超声造影检查,所有病例均经病理诊断.结果恶性肿瘤80个病灶,良性病灶60个.超声造影诊断的敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为85.0%、85.0%及85.0%,常规超声诊断分别为62.50%、46.67%及55.71%,超声造影诊断的阳性预测值为93.15%,阴性预测值为87.93%.结论实时超声造影技术对鉴别诊断胰腺局灶性病变具有较高的临床应用价值.     

超声弹性成像联合常规超声鉴别诊断甲状腺良恶性结节的临床价值

目的：探讨超声弹性成像（ultrasonic elastography,UE）联合常规超声（coventional ultrasonogaphy,CUS）在甲状腺良恶性结节鉴别诊断中的临床价值。方法：应用弹性成像和常规超声分别对98例（119个结节）甲状腺结节患者进行检查,所有病例均以手术后病理诊断作为金标准。比较单独应用常规超声、单独应用弹性成像、弹性成像联合常规超声综合诊断对甲状腺良、恶性结节鉴别诊断的灵敏度（Sen）、特异度（Spe）、粗符合率（CA）、阳性预测值（PV＋）、阴性预测值（PV-）。结果：超声弹性成像联合常规超声鉴别诊断甲状腺良恶性结节的敏感性、特异性和准确性均高于常规超声和弹性成像（P〈0.05）。结论：超声弹性成像与常规超声联合应用可以明显提高对甲状腺良恶性结节的判断,具有重要的临床价值。     

Assessment of cystic renal masses in children: Comparison of multislice computed tomography and ultrasound imaging using the Bosniak classification system

To retrospectively compare contrast-enhanced multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and ultrasound (US) imaging for the assessment of cystic renal masses in children using the Bosniak classification system. Twenty-two consecutive patients (age 1 month to 5.2 years, mean 2.4 years) with 24 cystic renal masses (7 benign, 17 malignant) pathologically confirmed after surgical resection underwent both MSCT and US imaging, and were retrospectively analyzed using the Bosniak classification. A senior and a junior radiologist retrospectively and independently reviewed imaging findings. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive values of MSCT and US were assessed using diagnostic statistics. The statistical significance of differences was determined by the McNemar test. Both radiologists accurately predicted lesions of categories I and IV with the Bosniak classification using MSCT and US. All masses classified as Bosniak classes I and II were proven to be benign, and all malignant lesions were correctly characterized in all cases both on ultrasound images and on the contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) images. Two benign multilocular cystic nephromas and one multicystic dysplastic kidney were classified into category III or even IV based on the classification scheme because of their multilocular nature and thick septation. The diagnostic accuracy of CECT was slightly better than ultrasound (CECT vs. US: senior reader, 92% vs. 88%; junior reader, 88% vs. 83%). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two sets (p > 0.05). The two radiologists had perfect inter-observer agreement on the two modalities. Both MSCT and US provide highly accurate diagnosis for the malignant renal cystic masses in children using the Bosniak classification system, but assessment of benign masses still needs improvement. We would recommend US is the best screening modality in Bosniak I and II, In Bosniak III and IV, MSCT are first the choice.     

Assessment of cystic renal masses based on Bosniak classification: comparison of CT and contrast-enhanced US

OBJECTIVES: To compare retrospectively the imaging features of computed tomography (CT) and contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) imaging for the assessment of cystic renal masses using the Bosniak classification system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The CT and CEUS images of 31 pathologically confirmed cystic renal masses in 31 patients were retrospectively analyzed for septa numbers, wall and/or septa thickness, enhancement degree, and for the presence of a solid component by consensus between two radiologists using the Bosniak classification. Diagnostic accuracies of CT and CEUS for malignant cystic tumor were calculated and compared using McNemar test. RESULTS: Diagnostic accuracies of CT and CEUS for malignant renal tumor were 74% and 90%, respectively, but there were not statistically different (P>0.05). CEUS and CT images showed same Bosniak classification in 23 (74%) lesions and there were differences in 8 (26%) lesions, all of which were upgraded by CEUS; one lesion from I to IV, two lesions from II to IV, two lesions from IIF to III, and three lesions from III to IV. CEUS images depicted more septa in 10 (32%) lesions, more thickened wall and/or septa in 4 (13%) lesions, and stronger enhancement in 19 (61%) lesions. Moreover, for six lesions, solid component was detected by CEUS but not by CT. CONCLUSION: CEUS might better visualize septa number, septa and/or wall thickness, solid component and the enhancement of some renal cystic masses than CT, resulting in upgrade of Bosniak classification and affecting their treatment plan.     

Cystic renal masses: Usefulness of the bosniak classification

To determine the usefulness of the Bosniak classification of cystic renal masses, the computed tomographic (CT) and ultrasound findings of 16 pathologically proven cystic renal masses were retrospectively reviewed. All imaging studies were reviewed and categorized utilizing the Bosniak classification without knowledge of the final pathologic diagnosis. There were no category I lesions (classical simple cyst), four category II (minimally complicated), seven category III lesions (more complicated), and five category IV lesions (probable malignant). All category II lesions were benign, all category IV lesions were malignant. Of the seven category III lesions, three were benign and four were malignant. We conclude that the Bosniak classification is extremely useful in the management of cystic renal masses. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, the Department of Defense, or the United States Navy     

CT与MRI下Bosniak分级对肾脏囊性病变诊断性能的对比研究

目的 比较CT下Bosniak分级和MRI下Bosniak分级对肾脏囊性病变的诊断性能.方法 回顾性分析30例(共42个肾脏囊性病灶)同时具备CT和MRI影像资料,并以术后病理或临床随访作为最终诊断,采用ROC曲线比较二种检查模式的诊断性能.结果 CT下Bosniak分级Ⅰ～Ⅳ级分别为6个、24个、9个、3个,对照病理结果其假阳性病灶数0个,假阴性病灶数14个.MRI下Bosniak分级Ⅰ～Ⅳ级分别8个、18个、10个、6个,对照病理结果其假阳性病灶数0个,假阴性病灶数11个.MRI下Bosniak分级的曲线下面积大于CT下Bosniak分级,前者的特异度和敏感度均高于后者.结论 MRI下Bosniak分级对于肾脏囊性病变的诊断性能高于CT下Bosniak分级,在条件允许的情况下应首先采用MRI下Bosniak分级.     

肾脏囊性病变的MSCT表现及Bosniak分级在其中的应用

目的：讨论肾脏囊性病变的MSCT表现及Bosniak分级在肾脏囊性病变中的应用价值。方法：前瞻性分析我院肾脏囊性病变Mscr表现同时进行Bosniak分级,其中取得病理证实的有26例,将Bosniak分级结果与病理结果对照。结果：Bosniak Ⅰ级中2例都为良性,Ⅱ级4例都为良性,Ⅱ／F级3例,1例恶性（1／3）,Ⅲ级恶性3例（3／8）,Ⅳ级中9例都是恶性。结论：诊断肾脏囊性病变要注意影像特征,Bosniak分级对于诊断、指导治疗均有帮助,但Bosniak分级对于ⅡF级、Ⅲ级囊性病变存在不足之处。     

Role of Interface Sign and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Differential Diagnosis of Exophytic Renal Masses

PurposeWe aimed to investigate the role of interfaces of exophytic solid and cystic renal masses on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the added value of diffusion-weighted imaging in differentiating benign from malignant lesions.MethodsThe Institutional Review Board approved this retrospective study, and informed consent was waived. A total of 265 patients (109 [41%] women and 156 [59%] men) with a mean age of 57 ± 12 (standard deviation) years were enrolled in this study. Preoperative MRI (n = 238) examinations of patients with solid or cystic renal masses and MRI (n = 27) examinations of patients with Bosniak IIF cysts without progression were reviewed. Solid/cystic pattern, interface types and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were recorded by 2 radiologists. The diagnostic performance of combining normalized ADC values with interface sign were evaluated.ResultsAmong 265 renal lesions (109 cystic and 156 solid), all malignant lesions (n = 192) had a round interface. No malignant lesions showed an angular interface. For prediction of benignity in cystic lesions, sensitivity (82.86% vs 56.16%), negative predictive value (92.50% vs 85.71%), and accuracy (94.50% vs 87.92%) ratios of angular interface were higher compared to all (solid plus cystic) lesions. The best normalized ADC cutoff values for predicting malignancy in lesions with round interface were as follows: for all (solid plus cystic), ≤ 0.75 (AUROC = 0.804); solid, ≤ 0.6 (AUROC = 0.819); and cystic, ≤ 0.8 (AUROC = 0.936).ConclusionsAngular interface can be a predictor of benignity for especially cystic renal masses. The evaluation of interface type with normalized ADC value can be an important clue in differential diagnosis especially in patients avoiding contrast.     

Evaluation of renal lesions using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS); a 10-year retrospective European single-centre analysis

Objective

To investigate the usefulness of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the evaluation of renal masses.

Methods

This study included 255 patients with renal masses. Ages ranged from 18–86 years. CEUS was used for determining malignancy or benignancy and findings were correlated with the histopathological outcome. Out of 255 lesions, 212 lesions were malignant (83.1%) and 43 were benign (16.9%). Diagnostic accuracy was tested using the histopathological diagnosis as the gold standard.

Results

CEUS showed a sensitivity of 99.1% [95% confidence interval (CI): 96.7%, 99.9%], a specificity of 80.5% (CI: 65.1%, 91.2%), a positive predictive value of 96.4% (CI: 93.0%, 98.4%) and a negative predictive value of 94.3% (CI: 80.8%, 99.3%). Kappa for diagnostic accuracy was κ = 0.85 (CI: 0.75, 0.94). Of 212 malignant lesions, 200 renal cell carcinomas and 12 other malignant lesions were diagnosed. Out of 43 benign lesions, 10 angiomyolipomas, 3 oncocytomas, 8 renal cysts and 22 other benign lesions were diagnosed.

Conclusion

CEUS is an useful method to differentiate between malignant and benignant renal lesions. To date, to our knowledge, this is the largest study in Europe for the evaluation of renal lesions using CEUS with a histopathological validation.

Key Points

? CEUS helps clinicians detect and characterise unclear solid and cystic renal lesions ? CEUS shows a high diagnostic accuracy in the characterization of these lesions ? Proper surgical treatment or follow-up can be given with better diagnostic confidence

     

Sichere Diagnostik zystischer Nierenläsionen

Clinical/methodical issue

Cystic renal lesions are commonly seen during routine ultrasound examinations of the abdomen.

Standard radiological methods

Some cystic renal lesions cannot be sufficiently characterized using native ultrasound. In these cases additional imaging might be necessary.

Methodical innovations

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a reliable imaging modality to characterize cystic renal lesions. Contrast enhancement of septations and the cystic wall are visualized in high resolution. This information helps to categorize the cystic renal lesions applying the CEUS Bosniak classification. This classification helps to estimate the probability of a malignant etiology of cystic renal lesions.

Performance

Using CEUS, cystic renal lesions can be characterized with a high sensitivity and specificity.

Achievements

The advantages of CEUS include that there is no effect on the function of the kidneys or the thyroid gland and no radiation exposure. In some cases, additional cross-sectional imaging is necessary to optimize diagnostic accuracy.

Practical recommendations

CEUS is a helpful imaging modality to characterize cystic renal lesions, to avoid unnecessary follow-ups and to detect malignant cystic renal lesions.

     

Cystic renal masses: usefulness of the Bosniak classification

To determine the usefulness of the Bosniak classification of cystic renal masses, the computed tomographic (CT) and ultrasound findings of 16 pathologically proven cystic renal masses were retrospectively reviewed. All imaging studies were reviewed and categorized utilizing the Bosniak classification without knowledge of the final pathologic diagnosis. There were no category I lesions (classical simple cyst), four category II (minimally complicated), seven category III lesions (more complicated), and five category IV lesions (probable malignant). All category II lesions were benign, all category IV lesions were malignant. Of the seven category III lesions, three were benign and four were malignant. We conclude that the Bosniak classification is extremely useful in the management of cystic renal masses.