两种根管工作长度测量法准确性的临床评价

目的：比较临床常用的X线片指感法与Root ZX测定根管工作长度的准确性。方法：选取临床根管预备后拟作充填的患牙548颗，按就诊顺序分为单、双数两组，分别用X线片指感法和Root ZX电子根管定位仪测定根管工作长度，并依此长度行根管充填、拍X线片，测量根充材料至根尖的距离。结果：Root ZX距根尖1mm内的准确率达94．2％，较X线片指感法（83．8％）高，差异有显著性（P＜0．05）。结论：Root ZX测定根管工作长度准确、简便，建议作为X线片法的辅助工具有临床推广使用。     

2种根尖定位仪诊断牙根纵裂的实验研究

目的研究Root ZX和Raypex5根尖定位仪是否能诊断牙根纵裂的存在及其准确位置。方法将20颗离体的双根管单根前磨牙拔髓并扩挫至根尖孔,测量原始根管的实际长度。锤击放置在根管内的根充扩大器柄部使牙根形成纵裂,测量纵裂根管的实际长度,并用Root ZX和Raypex5根尖定位仪测量仅有纵裂线而未完全分裂的纵裂牙根管长度和完全分裂的纵裂牙根管长度,对2种根尖定位仪的根管电测值与实际根管长度进行比较。结果模拟的牙根纵裂均为颊舌向裂,而且裂隙均通过根尖孔。对于仅有纵裂线而未完全分裂的纵裂牙根,Root ZX和Raypex5不能探测到纵裂位置;对于完全分裂的纵裂牙根,Root ZX和Raypex5都能探测到纵裂位置,电测长度在纵裂根管实际长度±1.0 mm范围内分别为97.5%、100%。结论根尖定位仪对仅有纵裂线的牙根纵裂无诊断价值,但对完全纵裂的牙根却有较高的诊断准确性。     

Raypex 5根尖定位仪测定牙根管长度的准确率及影响因素分析

目的 观察Raypex 5根尖定位仪测定牙根管长度的准确率,探讨影响准确率的因素.方法 选择210例牙髓病及根尖周病患者,其中225颗患牙含416个根管,先用手感法测量长度,再用根尖定位仪测定长度,充填主牙胶尖后在数字化X线成像系统上拍片确定牙齿工作长度,两者对比并进行统计学处理.结果 Raypex 5根尖定位仪测定牙根管长度准确率为93.99％,手感法准确率为74.76％.两者差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;根尖定位仪测量单根管至四根管的准确率明显高于手感法,两者间的差异也具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 Raypex 5根尖定位仪测定牙根管长度操作简便,较少的X线辐射,准确率较高.     

电子根尖定位仪临床精确性分析

目的:比较电测法、手感法和拍片法测定根管工作长度的精确性。方法:分别用手感法、拍片法及电子根尖定位仪(electronic apex locator,EAL)Root ZX和Raypex-5在体内测量31个根管的工作长度,与离体直视根尖剖面最狭窄点处测得的根管长度进行比较。结果:Raypex-5准确率为93.55%,Root ZX为87.10%,手感法35.48%,拍片法48.39%。电测法与手感法、拍片法的准确率比较相差非常显著(P<0.01)。结论:电子根尖定位仪测定根管工作长度的准确率比拍片法和手感法高。     

ProPex 根尖定位仪准确性的临床研究

目的研究ProPex根尖定位仪在临床测量根管工作长度的准确性。方法选择60颗患牙98个根管,先以ProPex根尖定位仪确定根管工作长度,再插入初尖锉至根尖定位仪确定工作长度,拍摄X线片测量、计算根管工作长度,将测得数据进行配对t检验。结果 ProPex根尖定位仪测量结果为(18.5±2.1)mm,插针X线法测量结果为(18.4±2.0)mm,两者差异无统计学意义(t=-1.845,P=0.068)。结论 ProPex根尖定位仪与插针X线法的测量结果无明显差异,是一种较为可靠的确定根管工作长度的方法。     

Root ZX根管长度测量仪的临床应用评价

目的评价Root ZX根管长度测量仪测量根管长度的准确性,分析出现偏差的可能因素。方法临床554个根管随机分为二组,分别用Root ZX和插针定位X线测量根管长度,根充后拍X线片检查充填效果,根据牙片上根管充填物和根尖平面关系定出三个等级。结果Root ZX组和X线组在根充超充方面比较有显著的统计学差异,P≤0．01;而在根充适充及欠充方面,二者比较无统计学差异。提示应用Root ZX根管长度测量仪所得到的工作长度比X线法准确。结论Root ZX根管长度测量仪可作为根管长度测量的一种方法。     

Dentaport ZX测量根管工作长度准确性临床评价

目的：研究Dentaport ZX根尖定位仪测量根管工作长度的准确性。方法：选取129个需进行根管治疗的恒牙为研究对象,插针摄X线牙片计算牙的长度,将电测法和手感法测得的根管工作长度与X线片法测得的根管长度相比较来计算电测法和手感法的准确率,并进行统计学分析。结果：电测法的准确率为89.92％,手感法的准确率为713.2％。结论：电测法的准确率高于手感法,Dentaport ZX根管测量仪使用方便、快捷,能够准确测量根管工作长度。     

Root ZX根尖定位仪测量恒牙工作长度的体内准确性研究

本研究采用Roor ZX根尖定位仪测量根管工作长度,以此长度进行根管预备和充填,然后拔牙后测量超、欠充的长度。以不同欠充标准来评定测量结果的准确率,旨在探讨根尖定位仪的准确性,为临床应用提供参考。1材料与方法1.1仪器Root ZX根尖定位仪(Morita,J.Morita MFG.Corp,Kyoto,Japan),牙胶尖(天津达雅鼎医疗器械有限公司制造),根管锉(Densp ly,美国)。1.2实验对象2004年6月至2005年6月,门诊因正畸需要拔除的牙齿被纳入实验对象,所有牙齿经X线片证实根尖孔均已发育完成。受试对象31人,其中男性20人,女性11人。收集43颗牙,单根管22颗,双根…     

三种根尖电子定位仪准确性的体外评价【英】／Martin CL…∥J Endod．

根管工作长度的准确测量是根管治疗成功的重要因素，但不管是手感法还是X线片法都无法准确测量根尖狭窄处的位置。第一、二代的根尖电子定位仪易受其他因素影响而准确率低。本研究评估了三种第三代根尖电子定位仪(EALs)（Justy Ⅱ，Root ZX和Neosono Ultima Ez)的准确性及测量方法的一致性。     

Root ZX在老年人后牙不同根管条件下的临床应用

目的:评价Root ZX在老年人牙髓病、根管再治疗中的应用,探讨其适用范围及操作注意事项。方法:随机选取58颗老年人后牙共148个根管作为研究对象,分为2组:A组,活髓牙;B组,根管再治疗牙。均用ProTaper进行根管预备,Root ZX测量预备前后根管工作长度,根管充填术后摄X线片评价准确性,随访2年。结果:A组,有74.7%根管在预备后工作长度超过预备前。B组,预备前后无明显差别。二组X线检查示,恰填率差异有显著性(P<0.01)。2年后治疗有效率89.2%,组间差异无显著性。结论:用Root ZX测量老年人的后牙根管长度,符合解剖生理情况,可以提高测量的准确性,提高治疗成功率。     

体内不同冲洗液对ROOT ZX电测仪准确性的影响

目的:体内评价不同冲洗液对Root ZX根尖电测仪测量结果的影响.方法:150颗需根管治疗的单根管牙随机分为5组,开髓,冠向敞开后同时去除根管内牙髓后分别以3 %H2O2、17?TA、0.5%NaOCl、生理盐水冲洗根管3次,最后一次保留冲洗液,进行根管测量.空白组为0.5%次氯酸钠和生理盐水交替冲洗后的干燥根管.各组测量3次的平均值与X片确定的根管长度值以单因素方差分析(ANOVA)分析各组间差异.结果:各组根管长度测量值与实际根管长度无显著性差异,单因素方差分析显示各组间测量值无显著性差异.结论:ROOT ZX根尖定位仪能准确测量根管长度,且不受根管内冲洗液的影响.     

Accuracy of an electronic apex locator in primary teeth with root resorption

Aim  To evaluate whether root resorption of primary molar teeth affects the accuracy of the Root ZX apex locator and to compare the Root ZX at different meter readings with direct canal measurement.
Methodology  Sixty extracted primary molar teeth with root resorption affecting one sixth to one third of root length were used. The teeth were embedded in an alginate model. A K-type file was used in association with a Root ZX apex locator to measure canal length. Measurements were recorded using the Root ZX meter reading 'Apex' and '0.5 bar'. Actual tooth length was measured with a K-file to the major foramen. All measurements were read under a stereomicroscope at 15× magnification. The deviation of the Root ZX measurement from the actual canal length was determined.
Results  Mean differences between Root ZX length meter reading 'Apex' and actual length were 0.01 ± 0.23 mm whereas mean differences between Root ZX length meter reading '0.5 bar' and actual length were −0.33 ± 0.30 mm. The Root ZX was 96.7% accurate to within ± 0.5 mm of the apical foramen when compared with the actual canal length of primary molars with root resorption.
Conclusions  Using a criterion of ± 0.5 mm, the accuracy of the Root ZX was high and not affected by root resorption. When compared with direct canal measurement, the error in locating the apical foramen was smaller with measurement at meter reading 'Apex' than meter reading '0.5 bar'.     

Accuracy of apex locator

Abstract An evaluation of the accuracy of the “Root ZX” apex locator was conducted on 20 single-rooted teeth that had been extracted because of severe disease or orthodontic treatment. After the pulp chamber had been accessed and the tooth length determined using the Root ZX apparatus, the file was fixed to the tooth with light-cured composite resin. After extraction, the tooth was longitudinally ground with a diamond bur until the file was visible. The distance between the file tip and the apical foramen was measured under a microscope (×100). The results showed that the tip of the instrument reached the apical foramen in all teeth.     

RootZX根管测量仪与X线片测量根管长度的比较研究

目的比较RootZX型根管长度测量仪与X线片定位法对根管长度测量的准确性。方法选取门诊需根管治疗的病例107颗患牙，根管总数213个，采用G钻预备根管口，RootZX根管氏度测量仪初测根管长度后，插K锉以标准投照技术拍摄X线片，测量诊断丝距根尖的距离用以评价RootZX测量的准确性。结果RootZX根管长度测量仪与X线片测量根管长度无显著差异（P〉0．05），误差在±0．5mm内的根管数有207个，准确率达97．18％。结论RootZX根管长度测量仪可用于临床，是一种准确性较高，重复性较好，能减少X线损害的根管治疗定位仪器。     

根尖部牙本质碎屑对根长定位仪Root ZX影响的体外实验

目的：通过比较采用Root zx测量离体牙根管预备前后及清除根尖碎屑后的根管长度差异,分析根尖部牙本质碎屑对根长定位仪Root zx测量根管长度准确性的影响。方法：选择根尖孔发育完全的单根管离体牙20颗,于牙颈部截冠、拔髓,在生理盐水琼脂模型上,用15#K锉和Root zx测量根管长度并记录。K锉预备根管至20#、25#、30#,分别用Root zx测量根管长度并记录。去除根尖部牙本质碎屑后,Root zx测量根管长度并记录。统计分析实验数据。结果：根管预备到30#时,多数牙根用Root zx测量的根管长度发生增加,但去除碎屑后,测得的根管长度发生缩短。结论：位于根尖部的牙本质碎屑对Root zx测量根管长度的精确性具有一定影响。     

Accuracy of a new apex locator: an in vitro study

AIM: The purpose of this study was to test in an in vitro model the accuracy of a Bingo 1020 electronic apex locator, to compare the results to those of a well known apex locator, Root ZX, as well as to those of the radiographic method of tooth length determination. METHODOLOGY: A total of 120 extracted teeth, preserved in Thymol solution and kept refrigerated, was used for the study. The experiment was performed on single-rooted teeth and on one-root canal, chosen randomly, in multirooted teeth. The teeth were randomly divided into 12 groups of 10 teeth each. After access preparation, the actual length (AL) was measured. The teeth were embedded in an alginate model specially developed for testing apex locators. Electronic tooth length measurements (EL) were carried out prior to root canal preparation using the two electronic apex locators (EAL) - Root ZX and Bingo 1020; three measurements were taken and an average computed. After the third measurement, the file was left in the root canal and a periapical radiograph was taken. The radiographic length (RL) was recorded by measuring the file length from the coronal reference point to the tip of the file. Each root canal was then prepared to a no. 40 K-file diameter using a standardized technique; saline was used for irrigation. Upon completion of the root canal preparation, EL measurements were taken by each EAL in dry conditions and with different irrigation solutions. Each measurement was repeated three times. The RL was recorded according to the last EL measurement. Results were subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS: In all parameters tested, a significant statistical difference was found between Bingo 1020 and the Root ZX. Measurements obtained using the Bingo 1020 were consistently closer to the AL (0.08 mm) than those obtained using the Root ZX. Both EALs measured the tooth length with great accuracy and a positive correlation of 0.76 (P = 0.00) existed between the two devices. No significant difference was found between the two apex locators when measurements were taken with the different irrigants (P = 0.34) and the content of the root canal did not affect the accuracy of the measurements. Lengths obtained by calculations from the radiographs were longer than the AL as well as the length obtained by both EALs (P = 0.00). CONCLUSIONS: The Bingo 1020 proved to be as reliable as Root ZX and was user friendly. Under the experimental conditions, electronic measurements were more reliable than radiographs in the process of root length determination.     

2种根尖定位仪诊断牙根纵裂的临床研究

目的研究RootZX和ProPex根尖定位仪用于诊断牙根纵裂的可靠性与准确性。方法分别用RootZX和ProPex根尖定位仪测量临床上疑为牙根纵裂患牙的根管工作长度,按照测量长度插入诊断丝,拍摄X线片。正常根管中诊断丝止于距根尖孔0．5～1．0mm范围内,诊断丝终止位置距根尖孔长度为牙根长度1／3及以上者初步诊断为牙根纵裂。拔除患牙后测量根管实际长度与纵裂根管长度,与电测长度进行比较。结果临床疑似牙根纵裂患牙48颗,经根尖定位仪联合X线检查初步诊断牙根纵裂48颗,拔牙后确诊牙根纵裂42颗,确诊率为87．5％。42颗牙根纵裂患牙中,RootZX电测长度平均值为（8．78±0．87）mm;ProPex电测平均值为（8．73±0．85）mm;根管实际长度平均值为（19．26±0．82）mm;纵裂根管长度平均值为（8．61±0．78）mm。RootZX和ProPex2种根尖定位仪的电测长度皆小于根管实际长度（P〈0．001）;RootZX电测值、ProPex电测值、纵裂根管长度之间差异无统计学意义（F=1．342,P〉0．05）。结论根尖定位仪有助于牙根纵裂的临床诊断。     

XD-1根管测量仪的临床应用研究

目的:对自行研制的XD-1根管测量仪进行临床比较研究,以探讨其临床应用准确性。方法:收集650例,共1380个根管与RootZX测量仪进行长度测量比较,然后按测量长度插入牙胶尖摄X线牙片,比较两者的准确率,准确范围限定在≤±1.0mm。结果:XD-1与X线测量的准确率为95.8%;RootZX与X线测量的准确率为97.6%;全部根管无1例超填,测量时病人无任何不适感觉。结论:XD-1测量仪的准确率与RootZX一致,是一种安全、可靠、准确率很高的新型根管长度测量仪。     

The influence of sodium hypochlorite irrigation on the accuracy of the Root ZX electronic apex locator

The purpose of this in vitro investigation was to determine whether the presence of sodium hypochlorite influences the accuracy of the Root ZX electronic apex locator. Forty, extracted, human teeth were mounted in an experimental apparatus. After achieving ideal access, working length measurements were obtained using the Root ZX. The canals were flushed with 2.125% sodium hypochlorite and measurements were again made with the electronic apex locator. Before measuring a third time, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite was then administered to each canal. Finally, the tooth was removed from the apparatus and the actual canal length was determined by measuring a file brought to the apical constriction (verified by direct visualization). No significant differences were found between the experimental groups. Overall, Root ZX measurements were within 0.5 mm of the actual length 83% of the time. The results of this study indicate that the Root ZX is not adversely affected by the presence of sodium hypochlorite.