经腔静脉入路行经导管主动脉瓣置换术1例

经导管主动脉瓣置换术（TAVR）已成为老年主动脉瓣狭窄的主流治疗方式。股动脉入路是TAVR的首选入路,90%以上的患者可经股动脉完成TAVR,替代入路包括经锁骨下动脉、经腋动脉、经颈动脉、经升主动脉和经心尖入路。对于常规经股动脉或上述替代入路均不适合的患者,近年来国际上报道了经腔静脉入路,但该入路操作步骤相对复杂、技术...     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术后冠状动脉阻塞研究进展

经导管主动脉瓣置换术为重度主动脉瓣狭窄的一线治疗手段。冠状动脉（冠脉）阻塞是经导管主动脉瓣置换术相关的严重并发症之一,一旦发生死亡率极高。本文就经导管主动脉瓣置换术后冠脉阻塞的发生机制、危险因素、临床表现、特殊人群的冠脉阻塞及预防和处理措施进行阐述。     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术后迟发性冠状动脉阻塞1例

经导管主动脉瓣置换术已成为外科手术高危或禁忌的症状性重度主动脉瓣狭窄的重要治疗手段,其安全性和有效性得到了众多临床研究的证实。但是经导管主动脉瓣置换术后可能出现的冠状动脉阻塞、心脏传导阻滞、卒中等并发症,会影响手术效果。本文报道1例经导管主动脉瓣置换术后出现迟发性冠状动脉阻塞的66岁女性患者。该患者入院前2个月余于外院行经导管主动脉瓣置换术,近期出现反复活动后胸痛,经检查发现左主干重度狭窄,于左主干置入1枚冠状动脉支架后胸痛缓解,长期随访效果良好。     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术与外科主动脉瓣置换术在中低危重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者中疗效的Meta分析

目的:比较经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)与外科主动脉瓣置换术(SAVR)在中低危重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者中的治疗效果.方法:通过检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane图书馆数据库收集关于TAVR在中危或低危重度主动脉狭窄患者中应用的临床研究进行Meta分析.结果:共纳入6项研究6891例患者,TAVR组与SAV...     

经股动脉经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗单纯主动脉瓣关闭不全

【摘要】 目的 探讨Venus-A支架瓣膜行经股动脉经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗单纯主动脉瓣关闭不全患者的可行性。方法 回顾性调阅2018年12月至2019年12月在阜外医院接受经股动脉经导管主动脉瓣置换术的15例单纯主动脉瓣关闭不全患者的床资料。其中男性12例, 女性3例,年龄68—83岁,平均年龄(74.65±5.52)岁。患者术前均有左心功能不全症状,且术前心脏超声诊断均为单纯主动脉瓣重度返流。结果 患者行经股动脉经导管主动脉瓣置换术。所有病例成功植入Venus-A支架瓣膜。全组病例无死亡。出院前对患者进行临床评估和超声心动图检查。术中行瓣中瓣治疗3例,少量瓣周返流2例。其余病人均无明显瓣周返流,并且顺利出院。结论 经股动脉经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗单纯主动脉瓣关闭不全患者是可行的,术后早期结果满意。     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术在中国重度症状性低危二叶式和三叶式主动脉瓣狭窄患者中的预后研究

目的:初步比较经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)治疗外科低危重度症状性二叶式主动脉瓣(BAV)与三叶式主动脉瓣(TAV)狭窄患者的短期临床预后.方法:本研究为单中心回顾性研究,纳入2015年6月至2021年1月在复旦大学附属中山医院接受TAVR治疗的外科低危[美国胸外科医师协会(STS)评分<4％]重度症状性主动脉瓣狭窄...     

超声心动图在主动脉瓣狭窄经导管主动脉瓣植入术中的应用价值

目的探讨超声心动图在主动脉瓣狭窄患者经导管主动脉瓣植入术中的作用。方法3例重度主动脉瓣瓣膜狭窄患者接受经导管主动脉瓣人工瓣膜植入术。使用PhilipS iE33型彩色多普勒超声诊断仪,配备经胸探头S5—1和经食道探头S7—2,X7—2t。超声观察内容包括明确主动脉瓣膜病变范围和程度,测量主动脉瓣环前后径,人工瓣膜植入术后瓣膜功能等。结果3例患者经导管主动脉瓣植入术均取得了成功,人工瓣膜位置稳定,常规超声心动图3例患者术前经胸超声心动图与术中经食管超声心动图诊断相符,跨瓣压差较术前明显下降,主动脉瓣瓣上流速明显下降,瓣周漏瞬时反流量平均约1．2mL。结论经导管主动脉瓣人工瓣膜植入术在治疗严重主动脉瓣瓣膜狭窄中方法可行,效果良好;超声心动图在这项工作中具有重要的辅助作用。     

急诊经导管主动脉瓣置换术的临床应用现状

经导管主动脉瓣置换术（TAVR）已成为主动脉瓣狭窄的主要治疗方式之一,且适应证逐步由外科禁忌或高危患者扩展至中-低危患者。但部分重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者就诊时可能因急性失代偿呈现血流动力学不稳定,急诊TAVR作为可能有效改善此类患者预后的治疗方式被逐渐应用于临床,但其仍处于探索、尝试阶段。我们对其目前的应用现状和存在的问题进行综述,以期交流及推动其发展。     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗二叶式主动脉瓣重度狭窄的安全性和有效性

目的:评估使用国产瓣膜行经导管主动脉瓣置换术（TAVR）治疗二叶式主动脉瓣（BAV）重度狭窄的安全性和有效性。方法:本研究是前瞻性、单中心、非随机对照研究。连续入选2016年1月至2020年4月在空军军医大学第一附属医院心内科使用国产瓣膜行TAVR治疗的症状性重度主动脉瓣狭窄（AS）患者,按瓣叶形态分为BAV组与三叶式...     

主动脉瓣重度狭窄经导管主动脉瓣置换术后患者围术期效果观察

目的:探讨主动脉瓣重度狭窄患者经股动脉导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)治疗前后围术期内心功能及主动脉瓣压差、跨瓣流速的变化情况。方法:本研究为回顾性研究,选取2017年9月至2019年6月,在郑州市心血管病医院接受TAVR的27例主动脉瓣狭窄患者。对经TAVR治疗前、术后1d、7 d、1个月患者的临床症状、BNP、LVEF、最大跨瓣血流速度、主动脉瓣最大跨瓣压差进行分析,观察主动脉瓣重度狭窄患者接受TAVR治疗后围术期内疗效。结果:与术前相比,患者术后临床症状、心功能NYHA分级明显改善。患者BNP、主动脉瓣最大跨瓣压差、最大跨瓣流速下降明显,在术后1 d,差异有统计学意义(均P<0. 01);术后LVEF值明显上升,术后7 d可显现,差异有统计学意义,在心功能<50%的患者中,术后1 d差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05)。结论:TAVR治疗主动脉瓣重度狭窄临床疗效确切,在围术期即可迅速缓解临床症状、改善心功能、降低BNP值、提高LVEF。合并LVEF下降的主动脉瓣重度狭窄的患者接受TAVR治疗后患者心功能改善效果更明显。     

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation outcomes in patients with low flow low gradient aortic stenosis

BackgroundSome studies suggest that patients with low flow low gradient (LF-LG) aortic stenosis (AS) may achieve worse results after undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).PurposeTo compare outcomes between LF-LG AS and high gradient (HG) AS patients submitted to TAVI.MethodsInclusion of 480 consecutive patients who underwent TAVI between 2008 and 2020 at a single tertiary center. Patients were divided into high gradient AS and LF-LG AS; and baseline characteristics and outcomes after the procedure were collected and compared between groups.ResultsPatients with LF-LG AS had worse baseline characteristics, with higher Society of Thoracic Surgeons score (p=0.008), New Euroscore II (p<0.0001), and NT pro-natriuretic peptide B (p=0.001), more frequent left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <40% (p<0.0001), coronary artery disease (p<0.0001), including previous myocardial infarction (p=0.002) and coronary artery bypass graft (p<0.0001), poor vascular accesses (p=0.026) and periprocedural angioplasty (p=0.038). In a multivariate analysis, adjusted to differences in baseline characteristics, LF-LG AS was associated with worse functional class at one year (p=0.023) and in the long-term (p=0.004) and with heart failure hospitalizations at one year and in the long-term (p=0.001 and p<0.0001). In a sub-analysis including only patients with LF-LG AS, those with LVEF <40% had the worst outcomes, with more global (p=0.035) and cardiovascular (p=0.038) mortality.ConclusionPatients with LF-LG AS have worse short and long-term outcomes, even when adjusted for baseline characteristic differences. The sub-group of patients with LVEF <40% have the most ominous global outcomes.     

Management of the elderly aortic stenosis patient with low gradient and low ejection fraction

The incidence of aortic stenosis increases with age and thus it occurs frequently in elderly patients. Once severe obstruction has developed, death occurs within 3 years unless the aortic valve is replaced. The results of aortic valve surgery, even in octogenarians, are usually excellent in the absence of comorbidity. The exception to this rule is for the aortic stenosis patient who has low ejection fraction, a low cardiac output and a transvalvular gradient of <30 mm Hg. Such patients have far advanced left ventricular dysfunction and increased operative mortality. However, even these patients may benefit from surgery if they have truly severe aortic stenosis. Because valve area is unreliable at low cardiac outputs, output should be increased pharmacologically in such patients and the valve area recalculated. If the transvalvular gradient increases with output, severe aortic stenosis is present and valve replacement may be beneficial. However, if output increases but gradient does not, only mild stenosis is present and surgery is unlikely to prolong life.     

Approach to the patient with aortic stenosis and low ejection fraction

Aortic stenosis is the most common valvular abnormality in the United States today. It has been well established that most patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis should undergo operation with aortic valve replacement. This is particularly true when ventricular function is maintained, as the operative risk is low and the long-term outcome is excellent. In most patients with a reduced ejection fraction, there is an increased risk of operation and poorer long-term outcome. However, operation is still of benefit in most patients, as relief of an afterload mismatch will improve ventricular function and provide symptom relief. There is a subset of patients with left ventricular dysfunction at even higher risk who have a low aortic valve gradient and small valve area, some of whom may not have severe obstruction. Pharmacologic challenge may be necessary to identify those patients with true aortic stenosis and further helps determine those who would benefit from surgical intervention.     

Prognostic value of preoperative atrial fibrillation in patients with aortic stenosis and low ejection fraction having aortic valve replacement

Aortic valve replacement in severe aortic stenosis (AS) with a low left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) is associated with high perioperative mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of preoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with AS and low EFs who undergo aortic valve replacement. Eighty-three consecutive patients with severe AS (area <1 cm2) and low EFs (< or =35%) were prospectively included. Perioperative mortality was 12%. Twenty-nine patients (35%) had preexisting paroxysmal or permanent AF. Perioperative mortality was higher in the AF group than in the non-AF group (24% vs 5.5%, p = 0.03). Preoperative AF was identified as an independent predictor of perioperative mortality (odds ratio 7.5, 95% confidence interval 1.19 to 47.06, p = 0.03). Five-year overall survival was lower in the AF group than in the non-AF group (47% vs 77%, p = 0.0017). Associated multivessel coronary artery disease and preoperative AF were identified as 2 independent predictors of overall mortality. In conclusion, in patients with AS with low left ventricular EFs, preoperative AF is associated with higher operative risk and lower postoperative survival. The presence of AF in patients with severe AS and low EFs should be taken into account for operative risk stratification, along with low pressure gradient and associated multivessel coronary artery disease.     

Survival after aortic valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis with low transvalvular gradients and severe left ventricular dysfunction

OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess whether aortic valve replacement (AVR) among patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS), severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and a low transvalvular gradient (TVG) is associated with improved survival. BACKGROUND: The optimal management of patients with severe AS with severe LV dysfunction and a low TVG remains controversial. METHODS: Between 1990 and 1998, we evaluated 68 patients who underwent AVR at our institution (AVR group) and 89 patients who did not undergo AVR (control group), with an aortic valve area < or = 0.75 cm(2), LV ejection fraction < or = 35% and mean gradient < or = 30 mm Hg. Using propensity analysis, survival was compared between a cohort of 39 patients in the AVR group and 56 patients in the control group. RESULTS: Despite well-matched baseline characteristics among propensity-matched patients, the one- and four-year survival rates were markedly improved in patients in the AVR group (82% and 78%), as compared with patients in the control group (41% and 15%; p < 0.0001). By multivariable analysis, the main predictor of improved survival was AVR (adjusted risk ratio 0.19, 95% confidence interval 0.09 to 0.39; p < 0.0001). The only other predictors of mortality were age and the serum creatinine level. CONCLUSIONS: Among select patients with severe AS, severe LV dysfunction and a low TVG, AVR was associated with significantly improved survival.     

Clinical outcome of transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patients with low‐flow,low gradient aortic stenosis

Background : Low‐flow, low‐gradient aortic stenosis is associated with relevant postoperative mortality whereas conservative management results in dismal prognosis. We present the initial experience of low‐flow, low‐gradient aortic stenosis treated with transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Methods : From June 2008 to December 2010 167 consecutive patients with native severe aortic stenosis and an excessive operative risk underwent TAVI. Of these, 15 patients presented with low‐flow, low‐gradient aortic stenosis (aortic valve area < 1 cm², left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction < 40%, aortic mean gradient < 40 mm Hg). The CoreValve prosthesis 18‐F‐generation (Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minnesota) was inserted retrograde. Clinical follow‐up and echocardiography were performed 6 months after procedure. Results : Patients with low‐flow, low‐gradient aortic stenosis (mean LV ejection fraction 32 ± 6%, mean aortic gradient 27 ± 7 mm Hg) had higher all‐cause mortality 6 months after TAVI compared to patients without low‐flow, low‐gradient aortic stenosis (33% vs. 13%, P = 0.037). In the surviving 10 patients with low‐flow, low‐gradient aortic stenosis, LV ejection fraction increased (34 ± 6% before vs. 46 ± 11% 6 months after TAVI, p = 0.005) and more distance covered in the 6‐minute walk test (218 ± 102 meters before vs. 288 ± 129 meters 6 months after TAVI, p = 0.038). Conclusion : Our study suggests that TAVI is feasible in patients with severe co‐morbidities and low‐flow, low‐gradient aortic stenosis. Within the first 6 months after treatment all‐cause mortality was considerable high, but the surviving patients showed symptomatic benefit and significant improvement of myocardial function and exercise capacity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Long-term management of chronic DIC associated with inoperable aortic aneurysm with low molecular weight heparin

Chronic DIC is a rare complication of aortic aneurysm. Surgical correction is the treatment of choice but for inoperable patients or those with continued DIC after surgery heparin can be used to control the coagulopathy. A case with inoperable multiple aortic aneurysm and chronic DIC managed successfully with dalteparin over a long period is discussed in this report.