经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗二叶式主动脉瓣重度狭窄的安全性和有效性

目的:评估使用国产瓣膜行经导管主动脉瓣置换术（TAVR）治疗二叶式主动脉瓣（BAV）重度狭窄的安全性和有效性。方法:本研究是前瞻性、单中心、非随机对照研究。连续入选2016年1月至2020年4月在空军军医大学第一附属医院心内科使用国产瓣膜行TAVR治疗的症状性重度主动脉瓣狭窄（AS）患者,按瓣叶形态分为BAV组与三叶式...     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗二叶式主动脉瓣狭窄的现有证据和研究进展

二叶式主动脉瓣（BAV）畸形是一种先天性瓣膜发育异常,在我国主动脉瓣狭窄患者中较常见,且该人群具有年轻、瓣膜钙化严重等特征。随着循证医学证据的积累和医疗器械的迭代更新,经导管主动脉瓣置换术（TAVR）的适应证不断扩大,未来将会有更多的BAV狭窄患者接受TAVR治疗,但BAV复杂的解剖结构对TAVR治疗提出巨大挑战。通过术前充分了解瓣膜解剖形态和制定手术策略,BAV狭窄患者在我国行TAVR治疗获得良好的临床效果,而在远期预后、新一代瓣膜的应用等方面仍需更多的研究。本文就TAVR治疗BAV狭窄的现有证据和研究进展进行综述。     

穿刺房间隔顺行导丝跨瓣行经导管主动脉瓣置换术2例

经股动脉逆行导丝跨瓣是目前经导管主动脉瓣置换术中最常见的跨瓣方法。该文报道2例主动脉瓣置换术后瓣膜衰败的重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者,导丝逆行跨主动脉瓣难度大,采用穿刺房间隔顺行跨瓣方法成功建立轨道,人工瓣膜经股动脉逆行释放,避免顺行释放可能造成的二尖瓣损伤。术后超声心动图提示人工瓣膜流速、跨瓣压差明显改善,无明显瓣周漏,患者...     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗二叶式主动脉瓣畸形的研究进展

二叶式主动脉瓣(BAV)畸形是主动脉瓣畸形中较为常见的一种瓣膜发育异常.目前,经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)是治疗中、高风险BAV患者的重要方法,但一些围术期因素仍是影响患者预后的重要因素.我们通过对TAVR治疗BAV畸形的相关研究进行回顾分析,希望为提高患者的预后提供更多方法.     

国产球囊扩张式瓣膜的临床应用初探

探讨国产球囊扩张式瓣膜治疗主动脉瓣狭窄及二尖瓣生物瓣衰败的应用及治疗效果。主动脉瓣狭窄及二尖瓣生物瓣衰败的2例老年高危瓣膜病患者,于2020年在空军军医大学第一附属医院接受经股动脉入径行经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)及经股静脉房间隔穿刺入径行经导管二尖瓣置换术(TMVR),首次置入国产球囊扩张式瓣膜,进行安全性及有效性评价。2例老年高危瓣膜病患者成功接受TAVR及TMVR。术后通过影像学及3D打印模型可见,球囊扩张式瓣膜在主动脉瓣和二尖瓣处形态、位置分布良好。患者术后血流动力学得到显著改善,心功能明显好转。国产球囊扩张式瓣膜在治疗主动脉瓣狭窄及二尖瓣生物瓣衰败等瓣膜病中,有着明显的优势及广阔的应用前景。     

超声心动图对主动脉瓣二叶畸形的探讨

目的 探讨超声心动图评估主动脉瓣二叶畸形(BAV)的应用价值.方法 选取我院2012年3月至2014年6月经超声诊断并被临床证实的BAV患者70例(横裂组44例、纵裂组21例、斜裂组5例),并与正常组30例进行比较.测最主动脉窦部及升部内径、室间隔及左室后壁厚度、左心功能及左房横径,观察患者瓣膜有无钙化、狭窄、关闭不全及脱垂.结果 BAV患者部分伴有瓣膜回声增强、增厚、钙化和脱垂,可造成瓣膜狭窄或关闭不全.主动脉升部增宽,纵裂组(39.840±6.361)mm,横裂组(37.480±5.793)mm,高于正常组的(30.270±2.348)mm;室间隔增厚,纵裂组(11.180±1.968)mm,横裂组(11.430±1.912)mm,高于正常组的(9.900±0.403)mm;左房横径增大,纵裂组(37.090±8.203)mm,横裂组(37.950±9.058)mm,高于正常组的(30.330±2.820)mm.结论 超声心动图对诊断BAV有重要价值.BAV可合并主动脉升部增宽、室间隔增厚及左房横径增大,而瓣膜舒张期关闭线形态分类横裂式、纵裂式对心脏结构和功能影响不大.     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗二叶式主动脉瓣狭窄的现状及展望

主动脉瓣二叶式畸形(BAV)由于其特殊的解剖结构对于经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)而言是一个技术难题.尽管BAV被排除在关于TAVR的随机对照研究之外,但临床实践中仍有部分患者接受了 TAVR治疗.多中心注册研究证实了TAVR应用于BAV患者的临床结局与常规三叶式主动脉瓣(TAV)患者类似.本文系统回顾关于TAVR应...     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术在二叶式主动脉瓣狭窄患者中的应用

二叶式主动脉瓣狭窄是经导管主动脉瓣置换术(transcatheter aortic valve replacement, TAVR) 的相对禁忌证， 其异常的解剖结构和病理特点增加了TAVR 的难度和风险，手术成功率低于三叶瓣患者。但随着手术策略的不断 优化和新一代人工瓣膜的应用，这类患者的TAVR 治疗效果得到改善。本文将对二叶式主动脉瓣狭窄的特点及其 TAVR 治疗策略的进展进行介绍。     

应用心肺运动试验评价经导管主动脉瓣置换术在无症状主动脉瓣重度狭窄患者中的疗效

目的:应用心肺运动试验评价经导管主动脉瓣置换(TAVR)术在无症状主动脉瓣重度狭窄患者中的疗效。方法:回顾性分析在河北医科大学第一医院心脏中心住院行TAVR手术并完成3个月随访的无症状主动脉瓣重度狭窄患者28例。所有患者均完善术前检查,观察手术的安全性指标：瓣膜置入即刻成功率、瓣膜移位、死亡、心脏传导阻滞、瓣周漏、冠状动脉阻塞、脑卒中、入径血管破裂、心脏压塞、主动脉夹层、大出血;有效性指标：术前及术后1 d、7 d、3个月的脑钠肽(BNP)、心脏彩超情况;运动耐量指标：术前及术后3个月的心肺运动试验情况。通过上述指标评价TAVR疗效。结果:(1)TAVR手术安全性指标：瓣膜植入即刻成功率100%,发生瓣膜移位0例;新发束支阻滞1例(3.5%),无症状;瓣周漏1例(3.5%),且<2 mm。无脑卒中、入径血管破裂、大出血、死亡、冠状动脉阻塞、心脏压塞、主动脉夹层病例。(2)TAVR手术有效性指标：BNP、主动脉瓣最大跨瓣流速、主动脉瓣收缩期跨瓣压差、主动脉瓣平均跨瓣压差均较术前明显好转。(3)TAVR手术运动耐量指标：Weber心功能、峰值摄氧量、无氧阈、二氧化碳当量斜率、收缩压下...     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术中自膨式瓣膜支架释放预测与实际投照角度的差异性分析

目的探讨经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)术前应用多层计算机断层摄影(MSCT)预测投照角度与术中实际投照角度的差异,总结TAVR术中自膨式瓣膜支架释放的最佳投照角度的经验。方法回顾性分析2016年4月至2018年6月因有严重症状的主动脉瓣狭窄在广东省人民医院接受TAVR治疗的38例患者。收集基线资料、术前评估、手术情况。比较自膨式瓣膜支架释放的预测投照角度与术中实际投照角度的差异,以患者左右为横轴,头尾为纵轴。定义预测投照角度与术中实际投照角度的差异超过10°为有差异。定义预测投照角度与术中实际投照角度横轴和纵轴差异均有统计学意义为完全不相同,横轴或纵轴差异均无统计学意义为完全相同。结果预测投照角度与实际投照角度完全相同有14例(36.8%),完全不相同共13例(34.2%)。其中完全相同患者均为三叶式主动脉瓣且无横位心,而完全不相同患者均为为二叶式主动脉瓣且横位心。进一步对患者预测投照角度与术中实际投照角度进行配对样本t检验,发现两者横轴上差异无统计学意义[(8.18°±14.68°)比(9.18°±11.25°),P=0.712],而实际投照角度与预测投照角度在纵轴上差异有统计学意义[(–17.05°±11.56°)比(–6.58°±15.17°),P0.001],较预测投照角度向足位偏移。结论实现TAVR中自膨式瓣膜支架的精准定位时,应当考虑个体化差异(瓣叶分型和是否横位心)和自膨式瓣膜支架因输送系统回直力造成与预测基线偏移且顺应性较差难以调整的特点,在瓣膜支架释放的最佳投照角度的预测和选择时进行适当的角度补偿,有助于完善TAVR术前评估准备工作,并提高手术成功率。     

Optimal projection for transcatheter aortic valve implantation determined from the reference projection angles

Introduction : An optimal fluoroscopic working view projection (OP) with all three aortic sinuses aligned is crucial during trans‐catheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). The aim of this study was to identify simple reference projection angles, which would act as a starting point for the operator to help determine OP for patients undergoing TAVI. Methods : During the period under consideration, 50 patients underwent TAVI. Procedural data and outcomes were collected prospectively on a dedicated database. Optimal angiographic deployment angles were achieved for all patients by starting in an anteroposterior caudal 15 degrees projection and then adjusting according to the initial image, with multiple small volume contrast injections undertaken to determine when all three aortic cusps were aligned (OP). Results : OP angles for the 50 cases were plotted on a graph. After normality testing confirmed that all angles were normally distributed, regression analysis enabled a regression line to be calculated. The equation for the regression line was defined as cranial/caudal intercept ?16.4 ± 1.5 (SE of the coefficient), P < 0.0001, slope of regression line LAO/RAO + 0.53 ± 0.1 (SE of the coefficient SE), P < 0.0001). Conclusions : As the regression line and its equation represents an acceptable estimate of the true relationship between Cranial/Caudal and LAO/RAO, to determine OP while remaining close to the regression line we suggest starting in LAO = 8.9, Caudal = ?11.4 (which represent the mean values of these two variables), and then increasing the caudal angle by approximately 0.5 degrees for every increase of 1 degree of the LAO angle or decreasing the caudal angle by 0.53 degrees for every decrease of 1 degree in LAO until all three aortic sinuses are in line which represents OP. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Optimal Fluoroscopic Projections of Coronary Ostia and Bifurcations Defined by Computed Tomographic Coronary Angiography

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to define the optimal fluoroscopic viewing angles of both coronary ostia and important coronary bifurcations by using 3-dimensional multislice computed tomographic data.BackgroundOptimal fluoroscopic projections are crucial for coronary imaging and interventions. Historically, coronary fluoroscopic viewing angles were derived empirically from experienced operators.MethodsIn this analysis, 100 consecutive patients who underwent computed tomographic coronary angiography (CTCA) for suspected coronary artery disease were studied. A CTCA-based method is described to define optimal viewing angles of both coronary ostia and important coronary bifurcations to guide percutaneous coronary interventions.ResultsThe average optimal viewing angle for ostial left main stenting was left anterior oblique (LAO) 37°, cranial (CRA) 22° (95% confidence interval [CI]: LAO 33° to 40°, CRA 19° to 25°) and for ostial right coronary stenting was LAO 79°, CRA 41° (95% CI: LAO 74° to 84°, CRA 37° to 45°). Estimated mean optimal viewing angles for bifurcation stenting were as follows: left main: LAO 0°, caudal (CAU) 49° (95% CI: right anterior oblique [RAO] 8° to LAO 8°, CAU 43° to 54°); left anterior descending with first diagonal branch: LAO 11°, CRA 71° (95% CI: RAO 6° to LAO 27°, CRA 66° to 77°); left circumflex bifurcation with first marginal branch: LAO 24°, CAU 33° (95% CI: LAO 15° to 33°, CAU 25° to 41°); and posterior descending artery and posterolateral branch: LAO 44°, CRA 34° (95% CI: LAO 35° to 52°, CRA 27° to 41°).ConclusionsCTCA can suggest optimal fluoroscopic viewing angles of coronary artery ostia and bifurcations. As the frequency of use of diagnostic CTCA increases in the future, it has the potential to provide additional information for planning and guiding percutaneous coronary intervention procedures.     

Balloon aortic valvuloplasty for severe aortic stenosis as a bridge to transcatheter/surgical aortic valve replacement

Objectives : This study aimed to determine success‐ and complication rates after balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) and the outcome of BAV as a standalone therapy versus BAV as a bridge to transcatheter/surgical aortic valve replacement (T/SAVR). Background : The introduction of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has led to a revival in BAV as treatment for patients with severe aortic stenosis. Methods : A cohort of 472 patients underwent 538 BAV procedures. The cohort was divided into two groups: BAV alone 387 (81.9%) and BAV as a bridge 85 (18.1%) to (n = 65, TAVR; n = 20, surgery). Clinical, hemodynamic, and follow‐up mortality data were collected. Results : There was no significant difference between the two groups in mean age (81.7 ± 8.3 vs. 83.2 ± 10.9 years, P = 0.18), society of thoracic surgeons score (13.1 ± 6.2 and 12.4 ± 6.4, P = 0.4), logistic EuroSCORE (45.4 ± 22.3 vs. 46.9 ± 21.8, P = 0.43), and other comorbidities. The mean increase in aortic valve area was 0.39 ± 0.25 in the BAV alone group and 0.42 ± 0.26 in the BAV as a bridge group, P = 0.33. The decrease in mean gradient was 24.1 ± 13.1 in the BAV alone group vs. 27.1 ± 13.8 in the BAV as a bridge group, P = 0.06. During a median follow up of 183 days [54–409], the mortality rate was 55.2% (n = 214) in the BAV alone group vs. 22.3% (n = 19) in the BAV as a bridge group during a median follow‐up of 378 days [177–690], P < 0.001. Conclusion : In high‐risk patients with aortic stenosis and temporary contraindications to SAVR/TAVR, BAV may be used as a bridge to intervention with good mid‐term outcomes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

High pacing rates for management of aortic insufficiency after balloon aortic valvuloplasty or transcatheter aortic valve replacement

Aortic insufficiency (AI) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is difficult to manage when associated with congestive heart failure. AI after balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) may be catastrophic, especially in patients who are not candidates for TAVR. We describe the use of urgent temporary pacing, followed by permanent pacing, to increase the heart rate to diminish diastolic filling time for the short term management of AI after BAV or TAVR. The strategy is particularly useful in patients who already have permanent pacemakers, which are common in this population. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Balloon aortic valvuloplasty to improve candidacy of patients evaluated for transcatheter aortic valve replacement

Objectives

Evaluate the role of balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) in improving candidacy of patients for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Background

Patients who are not candidates for TAVR may undergo BAV to improve functional and clinical status.

Methods

117 inoperable or high‐risk patients with critical aortic stenosis underwent BAV as a bridge‐to‐decision for TAVR. Frailty measures including gait speed, serum albumin, hand grip, activities of daily living (ADL); and NYHA functional class before and after BAV were compared.

Results

Mean age was 81.6 ± 8.5 years and the mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons predicted risk of mortality was 9.57 ± 5.51, with 19/117 (16.2%) patients non‐ambulatory. There was no significant change in mean GS post‐BAV, but all non‐ambulatory patients completed GS testing at follow‐up. Albumin and hand grip did not change after BAV, but there was a significant improvement in mean ADL score (4.85 ± 1.41 baseline to 5.20 ± 1.17, P = 0.021). The number of patients with Class IV congestive heart failure (CHF) was significantly lower post BAV (71/117 [60.7%] baseline versus 18/117 [15.4%], P = 0.008). 78/117 (66.7%) of patients were referred to definitive valve therapy after BAV.

Conclusions

When evaluating frailty measures post BAV, we saw no significant improvement in mean GS, however, we observed a significant improvement in non‐ambulatory patients and ADL scores. We also describe improved Class IV CHF symptoms. With this improved health status, the majority of patients underwent subsequent valve therapy, demonstrating that BAV may improve candidacy of patients for TAVR.     

Snuffbox approach for balloon aortic valvuloplasty: A case series

In the era of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), the spectrum of indications for balloon aortic valvuloplasty is growing, especially in old and frail patients. Mini-invasive approaches via radial access reduce vascular complications and length of hospital stay. The snuffbox approach has never been described for Balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV). We performed a review of patients who underwent BAV using distal radial access between January 2019 and December 2019 in a single Italian Centre. All patients received a 30-day follow-up. The procedure was successfully conducted by anatomical snuffbox in all reported cases. All patients were mobilized within 10 h from the procedure without vascular access-related complications. Thirty-day color Doppler ultrasound showed distal radial artery patency in 89% of cases. In our case series, the snuffbox approach for balloon aortic valvuloplasty appeared to be safe and feasible. This approach could be a valid alternative especially in old and frail adults waiting for TAVR.     

A novel technique to manage transcatheter aortic valve embolization

We report a case of a 69-year-old male who was planned for a transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with a 26 mm Sapien 3 Valve (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, California) for the treatment of symptomatic severe aortic stenosis. During rapid ventricular pacing and implantation of the TAVR valve, there was a loss of pacing capture and subsequent embolization of the valve into the aortic arch. Retrieval of the embolized valve was attempted unsuccessfully using several techniques. Finally, by using a 34 mm Evolut R Valve (Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minnesota), we were able to secure the embolized valve in the transverse segment of the aortic arch without compromising the branch vessels. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of using a valve-in-valve approach to fixate an embolized valve in the transverse aorta.     

Urgent transcatheter aortic valve replacement for severe acute aortic regurgitation following open mitral valve surgery

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is not currently approved for pure native valve aortic incompetence, and is typically performed on a compassionate basis in selected patients who are at high risk for conventional surgery. We describe the first use of TAVR to treat iatrogenic severe acute pure aortic incompetence following mitral valve surgery. A 71‐year‐old gentleman developed life‐threatening acute aortic regurgitation (AR) within hours of a very challenging fifth open heart mitral valve replacement. Careful inspection of echocardiographic and computed tomographic imaging identified the cause as a disrupted left coronary cusp at the commissure caused by the surgical mitral annular reconstruction. Medical management with afterload reduction failed with recurrent pulmonary edema, and a sixth open heart surgery was deemed prohibitively high risk. The lack of aortic annular calcium onto which anchors a transcatheter valve was a concern for TAVR. However, we postulated that the struts of the mitral valve bioprosthesis would offer some support to the TAVR valve. We opted for a self‐expanding system because of concerns about potential unfavorable interaction between the balloon onto which balloon‐expandable bioprosthesis is mounted and the struts of the mitral bioprosthesis, and because the Evolut R system has additional anchoring points at the crown which might enhance transcatheter valve stability in the non‐calcified annulus, compared with the Edwards Sapien system. Transfemoral TAVR, performed with a Medtronic Evolut R 34 mm system under general anesthesia and using moderately rapid ventricular pacing, was successful with minimal residual AR. On follow‐up 1 month later the patient was asymptomatic, and the aortic and mitral bioprostheses were functioning normally on echocardiogram.     

Assessing the risk of an anomalous circumflex artery using balloon aortic valvuloplasty prior to transcatheter aortic valve replacement

Anomalous origin of the left circumflex coronary artery from the right sinus of Valsalva or proximal right coronary artery (RCA) is a well‐known anatomic variation. Although the condition is usually benign, there is risk for compression of the anomalous artery by a prosthetic valve in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR). In more recent years, balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) has been performed prior to transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) to serve as a diagnostic tool in the evaluation of symptom relief and procedural risks prior to definitive therapy with TAVR. However, the literature regarding BAV utilization in the assessment of coronary artery anomalies prior to TAVR is scarce. Our case illustrates the importance of performing preoperative BAV to assess the safety of a TAVR procedure in patients with coronary anomalies. Herein, we present a case of a patient who underwent BAV with selective angiography of her anomalous circumflex artery. During balloon inflation, the anomalous circumflex artery was transiently occluded, with complete resolution with balloon deflation. Given these findings, the patient was deemed to be unsuitable for TAVR and offered surgical AVR. This case demonstrates that patients with anomalous coronary circulation may require BAV with selective angiography to fully evaluate risk of coronary occlusion with TAVR.     

Impact of Direct Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Without Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty on Procedural and Clinical Outcomes: Insights From the FRANCE TAVI Registry

Objectives

This study sought to describe the current practices and compare outcomes according to the use of balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) or not during transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).