早发型新生儿B族链球菌败血症的围生期临床特征

目的 探讨早发型新生儿B族链球菌(GBS)败血症的围生期临床特征,提高对本病的认识和治疗水平.方法 收集2005-2009年我院分娩的新生儿资料,回顾性分析GBS败血症患儿的围生期因素、发病时间、临床表现、实验室检查、治疗和预后.结果 GBS败血症7例,均为早发型感染,检出率为0.113‰.早产儿1例,生后即反应低下、呻吟、呼吸困难;实验室检查:WBC2.6×109/L,N 0.76,CRP 55 mg/L,需呼吸机治疗.足月儿6例,于生后48 h内发病,临床表现有呼吸困难、精神反应差、青紫、发热、肌张力异常等,其中1例合并化脓性脑膜炎者出现惊厥;实验室检查:WBC 1.9～24.9×109/L,N 0.38～0.88,CRP 17～＞160 mg/L,1例需经鼻持续气道正压通气辅助呼吸.7例均合并肺炎,青霉素联合头孢吡肟或美罗培南治疗有效.结论 我国存在新生儿GBS败血症散发病例,病情严重.应重视围生期高危因素和早期临床表现.尽早行病原学检测,选择敏感抗生素治疗可有效降低病死率.     

新生儿B族链球菌败血症33例临床分析

目的：探讨新生儿B族链球菌(group B streptococcus,GBS)败血症的临床特点。方法收集2011年3月至2014年10月泉州市儿童医院NICU收治的GBS败血症患儿的资料,回顾性分析GB S败血症患儿的围产因素、临床表现、实验室检查、治疗与转归。结果 GB S 败血症33例,占住院患儿的2.0‰(33/16448)。其中早发型败血症21例,均为足月儿,呼吸窘迫13例、气促11例、青紫10例。晚发型败血症12例,足月儿8例,早产儿4例,以高热为首发症状入院10例,6例合并化脓性脑膜炎。33例血GB S阳性标本均对万古霉素敏感,青霉素联合美罗培南治疗有效,其中18例治愈出院,临床好转后自动出院9例,死亡2例,放弃治疗死亡4例,总病死率18.2%。结论新生儿GB S败血症临床症状明显,早发型病例以呼吸系统症状为主,晚发型病例以高热为首发症状。母孕后期应常规筛查,重视新生儿早期临床表现,尽早行病原学检测,合理足疗程使用敏感抗生素治疗。     

新生儿B族链球菌感染发病机制及治疗

新生儿Ｂ族链球菌感染发病机制及治疗北京市儿童医院（１０００４５）申阿东，张桂荣综述杨永弘审校Ｂ族链球菌（ＧｒｏｕｐＢＳｔｒｅｐｔｏｃｏｃｃｉ，ＧＢＳ）是威胁新生儿生命的主要致病茵之一，具有发病率病死率高的特点，自７０年代初已引起世界范围内关注。本文就...     

新生儿B族链球菌感染预防策略的研究进展

B 族链球菌可引起新生儿早发型和晚发型疾病,主要危险因素是母亲胃肠道和生殖道的定植。目前对存在危险因素的妊娠妇女有两种筛选方案：高危因素评估方案和普遍筛查方案;美国等国家采取产时抗生素预防性治疗措施,使早发型B 族链球菌疾病的发病率大幅度降低,但对晚发型疾病的发病率影响不大。抗生素预防性治疗首选青霉素,对青霉素过敏者需依据菌株药敏结果选择药物。抗生素预防性治疗措施存在一定的弊端,需积极研发其他的预防措施来预防B 族链球菌感染。     

新生儿晚发型B族链球菌败血症临床特征及预后分析

目的探讨晚发型B族链球菌（GBS）败血症的临床特征及预后情况。方法回顾性分析新生儿重症监护室（NICU）2007年1月-2011年12月出院诊断晚发型GBS败血症的15例新生儿以及同期出院诊断为晚发型非GBS革兰阳性菌败血症34例新生儿的临床资料。结果晚发型GBS败血症与晚发型非GBS革兰阳性菌败血症新生儿在气促、抽搐和呼吸暂停等临床表现方面,差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。晚发型GBS败血症组脑脊液白细胞计数>100×106/L、超敏C反应蛋白>100 mg/L及脑脊液葡萄糖<3.11 mmol/L的比例高于非GBS革兰阳性菌败血症组（P<0.05）。GBS对青霉素、氨苄青霉素、头孢曲松、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、左氧氟沙星、万古霉素敏感,对红霉素及庆大霉素耐药率均为87.5%。晚发型GBS败血症与非GBS革兰阳性菌败血症患儿在并发脑膜炎及脑积水、脑室管炎等后遗症的差异也有统计学意义（P<0.05）,但病死率的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论晚发型GBS败血症起病较隐匿,症状不典型,并发症多,且易有后遗症;对可疑GBS败血症新生儿应早期使用有效抗生素治疗。     

新生儿B族链球菌感染研究进展

自本世纪七十年代以来，B族链球菌（ProupBstreptococci，GBS）所致新生儿感染已引起世界范围的关注。国外对新生儿GBS感染研究进展很快，本文就这方面内容予以综述。新生儿GBS感染流行病学在美国、英国、瑞典等国家，GBS已成为新生儿细菌感染的主要病原菌之一（22％～60％），也是致新生儿死亡的主要原因。GBS感染的发病率在不同国家和地区均有不同。美国是英国、瑞典、芬兰的5～20倍，这种差异可能与不同国家妊娠妇女阴道GBS携带率、GBS菌型及体内保护性抗体水平不同有关。美国新哈芬地区10年调查结果表明，新生儿败血症发病率2…     

新生儿B族链球菌败血症临床分析

目的探讨新生儿B族链球菌（GBS）败血症的临床特征。方法对2011年1月至2012年12月收治确诊的21例新生儿GBS败血症患儿临床表现、治疗和转归进行回顾性分析、总结。结果21例GBS感染患儿中,男12例,女9例;早产儿3例,足月儿18例;早发型GBS败血症患儿5例,3例无发热,2例因“高热”起病者均合并化脓性脑膜炎。晚发型GBS败血症患儿16例,其中15例主要症状为高热,确诊化脓性脑膜炎7例。21例患儿中1例因出生窒息合并症放弃治疗,3例转诊外院继续治疗,余17例患儿住院治疗时间为14—46d。结论新生儿早发型GBS感染多在24h内起病,首发症状可为呼吸窘迫、高胆红素血症或发热,晚发型多以高热起病且易合并化脓性脑膜炎,病情凶险,临床多采用青霉素联合三代头孢菌素治疗,治疗效果满意。     

新生儿B族链球菌败血症16例临床分析

目的探讨新生儿B族链球菌（group B streptococcus,GBS）败血症的临床特点。方法收集2011年1月至2013年12月本院NICU住院的GBS败血症患儿的资料,回顾性分析GBS败血症的临床表现、实验室检查、治疗与转归。结果GBS败血症16例,占住院患儿的2．3％o,其中早发型败血症14例,迟发型败血症2例。本院出生9例,占本院出生新生儿的0．46％o。早发型病例以呼吸系统症状为主,生后36h内发病,迟发型病例以高热为首发症状,4例合并化脓性脑膜炎,其中1例并发脑脓肿、1例并发多脏器功能衰竭。GBS败血症患儿血WBC明显低于正常,C反应蛋白升高数十至数百倍,PLT下降明显。16例血GBS阳性标本均对万古霉素敏感,氨苄青霉素联合美罗培南治疗有效。结论新生儿GBS败血症临床症状明显、病情凶险,病死率高,母孕后期应常规筛查,重视新生儿早期临床表现,尽早行病原学检测,合理足疗程使用敏感抗生素治疗,有效降低病死率和致残率。     

Recent research on the epidemiology and preventive strategies of neonatal group B Streptococcus infection in the latest decade北大核心CSCD

孕妇筛查结合产时抗生素预防是目前预防新生儿B族链球菌(group B Streptococcus,GBS)感染的主要策略,推广使用这一策略有效降低了新生儿GBS早发型疾病的发病率,但GBS感染的疾病负担仍很严重。产时抗生素预防策略存在引起抗生素耐药性、不能有效预防GBS晚发型疾病等局限,研发和评估其他预防策略至关重要,同时还需要密切关注如何评估孕妇青霉素过敏,以及母亲GBS筛查阴性的新生儿GBS感染的预防等问题。近年来,GBS疫苗及其免疫学相关研究取得了一些进展,应用特异性疫苗有望进一步减少新生儿GBS感染。     

新生儿B族链球菌感染现状的多中心前瞻性研究

目的 了解孕妇B族链球菌(group B Streptococcus,GBS)定植及新生儿早发型GBS疾病(early-onset GBS disease,GBS-EOD)的发生情况,并探讨GBS定植孕妇的子代发生GBS-EOD的影响因素.方法 前瞻性纳入2019年5月1日至2020年4月30日在厦门市妇幼保健院、首都...     

Management of Group B streptococcal sepsis risk in well, term newborns

Aim: To investigate how clinically well, term newborns at risk of early‐onset Group B streptococcal (EOGBS) disease are currently managed in the United Kingdom (UK). Methods: Review of guidelines of UK neonatal units. Results: One hundred and twenty‐five guidelines covering 157 neonatal units were received (71% of UK units), three of which were excluded from the review. We found great variation in every aspect for the management of EOGBS disease risk including the following: definition of risk factors; management of at‐risk newborns; choice of antibiotics. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the need for national consensus guidelines and clinical trials into the management of risk babies at risk of EOGBS disease.     

Prevention of neonatal group B streptococcus disease in the 21st century

There have been significant reductions in early-onset neonatal group B streptococcus (GBS) disease following implementation of maternal intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) policies. Nevertheless, GBS remains a leading cause of neonatal sepsis in Australia and New Zealand resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality, particularly among preterm infants. In the United States, the universal screening-based approach for identifying women for IAP results in apparently lower rates of early-onset neonatal GBS infection than risk-based assessment. In addition, IAP has altered the profile of newborn infants who develop early-onset disease. Many affected infants lack the typical intrapartum risk factors for GBS infection, are born to mothers with a negative GBS screen or represent missed opportunities for prevention. Clinicians should remain alert for signs of sepsis in any newborn infant. We provide an update of GBS preventative management strategies in the perinatal period taking into account recent United States, Australian and New Zealand guidelines.     

Fatal late onset group B streptococcal meningitis following maternal postpartum sepsis

Although maternal screening and the administration of prophylactic intrapartum antibiotics have decreased the incidence of early onset group B streptococcal (GBS) disease in neonates, there is still significant morbidity and mortality as a result of neonatal GBS disease.Maternal GBS infections are not uncommon, but with appropriate therapy there is almost a uniformly good outcome. Little is written about the appropriate management of well infants born to mothers with postpartum GBS sepsis.The question of whether well infants born to mothers with GBS puerperal sepsis should be treated empirically with antibiotics and the lack of literature concerning this issue became apparent when an untreated term infant died of late onset GBS meningitis following maternal puerperal GBS sepsis. We describe this event in the following case presentation.With the current paucity of literature regarding the management of well infants born to mothers with postpartum GBS sepsis, it seems prudent to treat such infants empirically with antibiotics (following a full septic work-up) until this matter has been investigated further.     

Trends in the epidemiology of neonatal sepsis of vertical transmission in the era of group B streptococcal prevention

Aim: To assess trends in the epidemiology of culture-proven and clinical neonatal sepsis of vertical transmission in the era of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. Methods: Since 1995, the neonatal services of 28 acute-care teaching hospitals in Spain (“Grupo de Hospitales Castrillo”) have been involved in the prospective surveillance of neonatal infection of vertical transmission. We here report the comparison of the incidence for the periods 1996-1997 and 2000-2001, and look separately at two groups of hospitals according to the time at which the official hospital policy to provide intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis for group B Streptococcus (GBS) prevention was adopted. In 16 hospitals the policy was adopted in 1999 and in 10 before 1998 (nine hospitals in 1996, one in 1997). Results: The incidence of proven sepsis decreased significantly by 22% and 54% in the hospitals that started prophylaxis in 1999 and before 1998, respectively. The incidence of GBS sepsis also declined significantly by 36.4% and 65.4% in both groups of hospitals, respectively. Significant variations in the incidence of clinical vertical sepsis as well as in the incidence of sepsis caused by Haemophilus influenzae and Klebsiella were not found. Sepsis caused by Escherichia coli increased in the hospitals with prophylaxis from 1999 and decreased in those that began prophylaxis before 1998, in which the mortality rate of proven and clinical sepsis also decreased significantly by 58.6%.

Conclusions: There was a substantial decline in the incidence of proven vertical sepsis, with a significant reduction of GBS sepsis, although decreases were more marked when antibiotic prophylaxis was started before 1998. In this group of hospitals, there was also a decrease in the mortality rate. Fluctuations in the incidence of E. coli infection suggest the need for continuing epidemiological surveillance.     

Limitations of the risk factor based approach in early neonatal sepsis evaluations

Aim: Guidelines for detection of early neonatal sepsis employ a risk factor approach combined with laboratory parameters. In an era of increasing intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP), we re-assessed the approach as a whole and each of the risk factors individually. Method: This retrospective study included infants with risk factors for sepsis or those treated with antibiotics or who had documented early sepsis. Safety of the protocol was assessed by the number of cases of either missed or partially treated late sepsis or meningitis and the sepsis-related mortality rate. Predictive value of each clinical and laboratory factor was calculated. Results: Of the 22 215 neonates, 2096 were assessed. IAP among infants with risk factors rose from 68% in 2005 to 78% in 2008 (p = 0.001). A total of 1662 asymptomatic infants had risk factors, 635 received antibiotics and one (0.06%) had sepsis. A total of 434 symptomatic infants were treated with antibiotics and of these 234 had risk factors and 20 (4.6%) had sepsis. No cases of partially treated or missed sepsis were detected. Poor predictive value was found for all risk factors except prematurity and leukopenia. Conclusion: The risk factor based approach in asymptomatic infants cannot be justified. In-hospital observation of asymptomatic infants for 2–3 days with antibiotic treatment being reserved only for symptomatic infants may be a reasonable alternative.