Toll样受体2和Toll样受体4及其信号通路在原发性痛风性关节炎发病机制中作用的研究

目的 探讨Toll样受体(TLR)2、TLR4及其信号通路在痛风炎症反应中的作用.方法 应用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)法检测痛风性关节炎急性组32例、痛风性关节炎非急性组20例及健康对照组(健康体检者)32名外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)TLR2 mRNA、TLR4 mRNA水平,Western-blot检测上述3组各8例PBMCs核蛋白核因子-κB p65,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测3组血浆白细胞介素(IL)-1β含量;并将上述各指标水平与痛风患者及健康体检者血尿酸水平进行相关性分析.多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,两两比较采用q检验.结果 TLR4 mRNA、核因子-κB D65、血浆IL-1β及血尿酸水平在痛风性关节炎急性组[(5.0+1.2)、(7.11+0.18)、(283_+83)pg/ml、(585_+123)μmol/L]和非急性组[(2.3±O.4)、(0.63±0.06)、(134±29)pg/ml,(493±107)μmol/L]均显著高于健康对照组[(1.1± 0.6)、(0.52±0.12)、(97±17)pg/ml,(326±65)μmol/L](P均<0.01),痛风性关节炎急性组高于非急性组(P均<0.01);TLR2 mRNA在3组的表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).痛风患者TLR4 mRNA和IL-1B水平与血浆尿酸水平呈正相关(rs=0.876,0.779;P均<0.05),而TLR2 mRNA和IL-1β水平与血浆尿酸水平无相关性(P均>0.05).健康体检者TLR4、TLR2 mRNA与血尿酸、IL-1B水平均无相关性(P均>0.05).结论 原发性痛风性关节炎可通过胞膜型模式识别受体激活固有性免疫应答,TLR4-核因子-κB-IL-1β信号通路参与了痛风免疫及炎症反应调节,痛风患者体内尿酸盐晶体与TLR4及其信号通路激活有关.

Abstract：

objective The roles of TLRs and their signal pathway in gouty arthritis(GA)were explored.Methods TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA was measured using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)in PBMCs,IL-1β level was detected using ELISA in plasma,and NF-κB p65 protein level in PBMCs was measured using Western blot.Level of TLR2 mRNA,ILR4 mRNA,IL-1β,NF-κB p65protein was compared among acute GA,non-acute GA and healthy controls.Correlation between TLR2mRNA,TLR4 mRNA and serum uric acid,IL-1β level in GA patients was analyzed.One-way ANOVA was used to analyze data between multiple groups and q-test was used for two-two comparison.Spearman's analysis was applied for correlation analysis.Resuits The expression of TLR4 mRNA,NF-KB p65 protein,IL-1β arid serum uric acid level in patients with acute GA [(5.0±1.2), (7.11±0.18), (283±83)pg/ml,[585±123)μmol/L] was significantly increased compared to non-acute GA[(2.3±0.4),(0.63±0.06),(134±29)pg/ml,(493±107)μmol/Lj and healthy controls(1.1±0.6),(0.52±0.12),(97±17)pg/ml,(326±65)μmol/L](P<0.01,respectively).Significant diffefence was also observed between non-acute GA patients and healthy controls(P<0.05,respectively).The level of TLRR4 mRNA was positively correlated with uric acid and IL-1β level in GA patients(rs=0.876,0.779;P<0.05,respectively).Conclusion Innate immunity are activated by membrane-type pattern recognition receptors in primary GA.TLR4-NFκB p65-IL-1β signat transduction may participate in the inflammatory mechanisms of gout.Urate crystals in patients with gout may:be involved in the activation of TLR4 and its signal pathway.     

Toll样受体4通路参与高糖诱导的心房细胞纤维化

目的 探讨Toll样受体4(Toll-like receptor 4,TLR4)抑制剂TAK242对高糖引起的小鼠心房肌细胞纤维化蛋白表达的影响.方法 高糖培养小鼠心房肌细胞系,实验细胞分为4组,对照组、对照抑制组、高糖对照组和高糖抑制组.观察TLR4、白细胞介素受体相关蛋白1(IRAK1)、NF-κB和Ⅰ型胶原A1表...     

Toll样受体4在脑血管病中的表达及其作用

<正>Toll样受体(Toll-like receptor,TLR)是一类特殊免疫蛋白受体家族,在天然免疫反应中发挥关键作用,能够识别并结合某些病原体及其产物所具有的病原相关分子模式,还能够与机体内相应的内源性配体识别并结合,启动相应的细胞信号转导通路,激活机体的天然免疫应答,通过活化细胞     

Toll样受体介导的信号转导通路在阿尔茨海默病发病机制中的研究进展

<正>阿尔茨海默病(AD)又名老年性痴呆,主要发生在65岁以后,是一种原发性进行性脑退行性疾病,临床表现为认知和记忆功能不断恶化,日常生活能力进行性减退,并有各种神经精神症状和行为障碍。目前,我国有600~800万人罹患本病[1]。其病因及发病机制未明。目前认为由β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)刺激小胶质细胞产生的炎性反应在疾病中起重要作用[2]。Toll样受体(TLR)是一种进化保守的模式识别受     

变形链球菌对EAhy926细胞Toll样受体2和4及白细胞介素6和8表达的影响

目的 观察变形链球菌对EAhy926细胞Toll样受体2和4的表达及炎性细胞因子白细胞介素6和8分泌的影响,初步探讨Toll样受体表达与细胞因子产生之间的关系.方法 变形链球菌作用于EAhy926细胞,RT-PCR法检测EAhy926细胞Toll样受体2和4及白细胞介素6和8的mRNA表达;流式细胞术检测EAhy926细胞表面Toll样受体2和4的表达;细胞生物活性法和ELISA分别检测EAhy926细胞白细胞介素6和8的分泌;抗体阻断实验观察Toll样受体2和4的表达与白细胞介素6和8产生间的关系.结果 将变形链球菌作用于EAhy926细胞6 h,Toll样受体2和4的mRNA表达与加入的细菌量呈一定的剂量依赖关系,以细菌与细胞作用比例为100:1时,Toll样受体2和4的mRNA表达量最高(P<0.05).变形链球菌能诱导EAhy926细胞(100:1)Toll样受体2和4的mRNA和蛋白水平表达增强,在6 h达到高峰,12 h后又逐渐下降(P<0.01).结论 变形链球菌可上调EAhy926细胞Toll样受体2和4的表达,促进炎性细胞因子白细胞介素6和8的产生;白细胞介素6和8的产生与Toll样受体2和4的表达上调密切相关.     

Toll样受体4和核因子-κB在颅内动脉瘤组织中的表达及作用机制

目的探讨Toll样受体(TLR)4和核因子(NF)-κB在颅内动脉瘤组织中的表达及作用机制。方法在开颅动脉瘤夹闭术中收集18例动脉瘤标本,根据Hunt-hess标准分为破裂组10例、未破裂组8例;取开颅夹闭术中获取入路同侧血管10份为正常对照组。分别行光镜和电镜观察标本病理学改变,α-actin染色结合电镜观察计算出血管平滑肌细胞密度;免疫组化法检测标本中TLR4、NF-κB、CD68、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶(Caspase)-3表达水平;RT-PCR和Western印迹检测标本中TLR4、NF-κB mRNA和蛋白的相对表达量。结果动脉瘤血管壁分布有少量阳性平滑肌细胞,而正常血管壁平滑肌细胞α-actin染色几乎均为阳性,其中破裂组、未破裂组的血管平滑肌细胞密度明显低于正常对照组(P<0.01);破裂组血管平滑肌细胞密度明显低于未破裂组(P<0.05)。破裂组、未破裂组TLR4、NF-κB、CD68、Caspase-3表达水平明显高于正常对照组,破裂组明显高于未破裂组(P<0.05)。破裂组、未破裂组TLR4和NF-κB mRNA和蛋白的相对表达量均明显高于正常对照组,破裂组明显高于未破裂组(P<0.05)。结论 TLR4/NF-κB信号通路在血管内皮损伤介导的颅内动脉瘤血管壁炎性反应和平滑肌细胞介导的退行性病变过程中发挥重要作用。     

β1受体阻滞剂对急性冠状动脉综合征患者外周血单个核细胞Toll样受体4及其下游炎症因子的影响

背景 大量研究证实β1受体阻滞剂治疗急性冠状动脉综合征( ACS)有益,但作用机制尚不明确.目的 探讨β1肾上腺素受体阻滞剂对健康人及ACS患者外周血单个核细胞一些炎症因子表达的影响.方法 应用不同剂量的β1肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂艾司洛尔体外分别和健康人及ACS患者外周血孵化后,采用流式细胞术测定CD14+单个核细胞To...     

乙型肝炎肝硬化患者外周血单个核细胞Toll样受体4的变化

目的探讨乙型肝炎肝硬化患者外周血单个核细胞TLR4的变化及意义。方法用流式细胞仪检测30例健康人、40例乙型肝炎肝硬化和30例慢性HBV携带者外周血单个核细胞表面TLR4的表达,采用ELISA法检测血清IL-6水平。结果乙型肝炎肝硬化患者TLR4及IL-6水平分别为13.5±4.6 MFI和80.5±36.5ng/L,均高于正常人（P〈0.01）;慢性HBV携带者TLR4水平为3.8±1.8MFI,与正常人无显著性差异（P〉0.05）,IL-6水平为45.6±36.8ng/L,明显升高（P〈0.01）;乙型肝炎肝硬化患者TLR4表达与IL-6水平呈正相关（γ=0.768,P〈0.01）,而HBV携带者TLR4表达与IL-6水平无显著性相关（γ=-0.775,P〉0.05）;乙型肝炎肝硬化患者TLR4表达及IL-6水平随着Child分级升高而依次升高。结论 TLR4可能与乙型肝炎肝硬化的发病及进展相关。     

蓝莓下调Toll样受体4表达减轻肝损伤的作用机制

目的研究蓝莓对Toll样受体4(TLR4)表达的调节,进一步探讨其在急性肝损伤中的作用。方法 48只SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组(对照组)、CCl4急性肝损伤组(模型组)、蓝莓低剂量组、蓝莓高剂量组和胸腺肽组。蓝莓低剂量组、蓝莓高剂量组造模开始前先分别给予蓝莓果汁(0.5 ml/100 g、1.0 ml/100 g)灌胃7 d。实验结束时测定肝脏指数、血清ALT、AST含量,WesternBlot检测肝组织TLR4蛋白表达量。结果模型组大鼠的肝脏指数、血清ALT、AST含量(0.047 30±0.002 85、4536.00±535.39,7959.33±108.89)高于对照组(0.031 90±0.002 87,48.00±5.57,137.00±12.53)(P<0.05);蓝莓低、高剂量组上述指标(0.040 80±0.003 77,0.040 80±0.003 81;2138.00±980.32,4049.67±466.01;1247.00±609.00,2063.33±1357.32)均低于模型组,模型组肝组织TLR4蛋白表达量(1.392±0.204)显著高于对照组(0.781±0.132)(P<0.05)。蓝莓低剂量组、高剂量组和胸腺肽组大鼠肝组织TLR4蛋白表达量(1.273±0.203,1.110±0.168,0.943±0.161)低于模型组(1.392±0.204)(P<0.05)。结论蓝莓可能通过下调肝组织中TLR4的表达,起到减轻急性肝损伤的作用。     

Toll样受体，NF-κB与炎症性肠病

Toll样受体(Toll like receptor TLRs)是先天性免疫系统中的细胞跨膜受体及病原模式识别受体之一，主要参与病原微生物产物的识别及炎症信号传导。TLRS／核因子(NF-κB)通路已部分阐明，成为联系先天性免疫与后天性免疫的纽带。最近研究发现这一通路与炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease IBD)关系密切。本主要介绍TLRs介导NF-κB在IBD的起因、发展及治疗方面的研究进展，为深入探讨IBD提供新的思路。     

Analysis of TLR4 and TLR2 polymorphisms in inflammatory bowel disease in a Guangxi Zhuang population

AIM: To study the polymorphisms of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene Asp299Gly, Thr399Ile and TLR2 gene Arg753Gln, Arg677Trp and susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the Zhuang population from Guangxi, China.METHODS: A case-control study was performed from February 2007 to October 2011 which included 146 Zhuang patients with IBD in the experimental group and 164 healthy Zhuang subjects who acted as the control group. All patients and healthy subjects were from the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China. Genomic DNA was extracted from intestinal tissue by the phenol chloroform method. TLR4 gene Asp299Gly, Thr399Ile and TLR2 gene Arg753Gln, Arg677Trp were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and then detected by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).RESULTS: The TLR4 gene Asp299Gly was digested using Nco I restriction enzyme, and a single band of 249 bp was observed which showed that it was a wild type (AA). The TLR4 gene Thr399Ile was digested using Hinf Irestriction enzyme and only the wild type (CC) was detected. In addition, the TLR2 gene Arg677Trp was digested using Aci I restriction enzyme and only the wild type (CC) was detected. The TLR2 gene Arg753Gln was digested using Pst I restriction enzyme. Only the wild type (GG) as a single band of 254 bp was observed during RFLP. Overall, no heterozygous or homozygous single nucleotide polymorphism mutations were found in patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis both in the TLR4 gene Asp299Gly, Thr399Ile and the TLR2 gene Arg677Trp, Arg753Gln in the Zhuang population from the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China.CONCLUSION: The TLR4 gene Asp299Gly, Thr399Ile and TLR2 gene Arg753Gln, Arg677Trp polymorphisms may not be associated with IBD in the Zhuang population from the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China.     

慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血单核细胞Toll样受体2和4的变化

目的探讨慢性乙型肝炎和慢性重型乙型肝炎患者外周血单核细胞Toll样受体2 （TLR2）和Toll样受体4（TLR4）的变化情况及其意义。方法用流式细胞仪检测正常对照、慢性乙型肝炎患者和慢性重型乙型肝炎患者外周血单核细胞表面TLR2和TLR4的表达,ELISA法检测上述患者血清TNFα的水平。Student-t检验比较3组间TLR2、TLR4和TNFα表达的差异;3组病例TLR2、TLR4的表达水平间及它们与血清TNFα水平间的相关性分析采用线性相关分析。结果正常对照组（30例）、慢性乙型肝炎组（31例）和慢性重型乙型肝炎组（30例）外周血单核细胞TLR2和TLR4的平均免疫荧光强度（MFI）分别为21．5±2．7、39．0±4．1．47．7±21．4和2．3±1．1、3．7±2．3、6．9±4．1;外周血清TNFα（ng／L）水平分别为53．8±38．1、164．3±89．9、359．8±1 40．0,自正常对照组到慢性乙型肝炎组及慢性重型乙型肝炎组外周血单核细胞TLR2、TLR4表达强度和外周血清TNFα水平均依次显著升高;经线性相关分析研究发现,外周血单核细胞TLR2、TLR4表达水平和血清TNFα表达水平间均呈现显著的正相关性。结论TLR2和TLR4可能与慢性乙型肝炎及慢性重型乙型肝炎的发病有关。     

模拟代谢性内毒素血症对肝损伤小鼠肝组织TLR4信号通路的影响

目的：观察持续4 w的模拟代谢性内毒素血症对小鼠肝脏组织病理和4型Toll样受体（TLR4）信号通路的影响。方法将30只雄性C57BL/6J 小鼠随机分为正常组（n=10）和内毒素组（n=10）,均予以普通饲料喂养,和高脂组（n=10）,予以高脂饲料喂养。内毒素组小鼠同时经腹部皮下植入的微泵注入内毒素300μg·kg-1·d-1,连续4 w,正常组小鼠皮下微泵持续注入生理盐水作为对照。4 w后测定小鼠血清内毒素水平,对肝组织切片行HE染色后进行非酒精性脂肪性肝病评分（NAS）,采样Real time PCR法测定小鼠肝组织TLR4及其下游的MyD88和TRIF-related adaptor molecule （TRAM） mRNA水平。结果内毒素组小鼠血清内毒素水平（0.62±0.04 EU/ml）显著高于正常组（0.50±0.06 EU/ml,P〈0.05）和高脂组（0.49±0.05 EU/ml,P〈0.05）;内毒素组小鼠肝组织主要表现为单纯性脂肪变性,NAS积分为（2.30±0.49）,高脂组小鼠肝组织炎症较明显,NAS积分为（4.20±1.61）,显著高于内毒素组（P〈0.05）;与正常组相比,内毒素组小鼠肝组织TLR4 mRNA 水平上调5.12倍（P＜0.01）,TRAM mRNA水平上调3.46倍（P＜0.01）,而MyD88 mRNA水平与正常组比,无显著差别。结论持续4 w的模拟代谢性内毒素血症可诱导小鼠肝脏单纯性脂肪变性,TLR4 mRNA 和TRAM mRNA水平上调,而MyD88 mRNA水平无显著变化。     

Abdominal paracentesis drainage attenuates intestinal inflammation in rats with severe acute pancreatitis by inhibiting the HMGB1-mediated TLR4 signaling pathway

BACKGROUND Our previous studies confirmed that abdominal paracentesis drainage(APD)attenuates intestinal mucosal injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP),and improves administration of enteral nutrition in patients with acute pancreatitis(AP).However,the underlying mechanisms of the beneficial effects of APD remain poorly understood.AIM To evaluate the effect of APD on intestinal inflammation and accompanying apoptosis induced by SAP in rats,and its potential mechanisms.METHODS SAP was induced in male adult Sprague-Dawley rats by 5%sodium taurocholate.Mild AP was induced by intraperitoneal injections of cerulein(20μg/kg body weight,six consecutive injections).Following SAP induction,a drainage tube connected to a vacuum ball was placed into the lower right abdomen of the rats to build APD.Morphological changes,serum inflammatory mediators,serum and ascites high mobility group box protein 1(HMGB1),intestinal barrier function indices,apoptosis and associated proteins,and toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)signaling molecules in intestinal tissue were assessed.RESULTS APD significantly alleviated intestinal mucosal injury induced by SAP,as demonstrated by decreased pathological scores,serum levels of D-lactate,diamine oxidase and endotoxin.APD reduced intestinal inflammation and accompanying apoptosis of mucosal cells,and normalized the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins in intestinal tissues.APD significantly suppressed activation of the intestinal TLR4 signaling pathway mediated by HMGB1,thus exerting protective effects against SAP-associated intestinal injury.CONCLUSION APD improved intestinal barrier function,intestinal inflammatory response and accompanying mucosal cell apoptosis in SAP rats.The beneficial effects are potentially due to inhibition of HMGB1-mediated TLR4 signaling.     

大黄素对小鼠急性肝损伤过程中Toll样受体4表达的影响及其机制

通过实时PCR及蛋白质印迹法测定肝组织中Toll样受体(TLR)4 mRNA及蛋白质表达,并检测血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)水平,研究大黄素对脂多糖诱导小鼠急性肝损伤的作用及其机制。结果显示大黄素处理各组肝组织中TLR4 mRNA及蛋白质表达水平、血清中ALT和AST水平均明显低于模型组,大黄素能减轻脂多糖诱导的肝组织病理学损伤。提示大黄素可能通过抑制TLR4的表达而对脂多糖诱导的急性肝损伤起保护作用。     

腹泻型肠易激综合征患者结肠黏膜Toll样受体4信号通路的研究

目的 研究Toll样受体4(TLR4)、CD14、髓样分化蛋白-2(MD-2)及NF-κB在腹泻型肠易激综合征(IBS-D)患者结肠黏膜的表达,了解TLR4/NF-κB信号传导通路及其在IBS致病机制中的作用.方法 采用免疫组化法半定昔分析30例IBS-D患者及12名健康志愿者结肠黏膜TLR4、CD14MD-2和NF-κB的表达情况.结果 免疫组化结果显示,IBS-D组TLR4的吸光度[A值,(0.3971±0.0996)]高于健康对照组(0.3044±0.0481);IBS-D组的NF-κB阳性率及强度均比健康对照组增高;IBS-D组的黏膜固有层MD-2阳性细胞数高于健康对照组,固有层CD14阳性率高于健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义.两组的肠上皮细胞中MD-2和CD14均为低表达或无表达.结论 IBS-D患者的肠道黏膜存在TLR4/NF-κB信号传导通路的活化,TLR4在IBS-D发病中具有一定作用.     

Obstructive jaundice increases sensitivity to lipopolysaccharide via TLR4 upregulation: possible involvement in gut-derived hepatocyte growth factor-protection of hepatocytes

BACKGROUND: Patients with obstructive jaundice are prone to sepsis after biliary tract surgery. The present study was designed to determine the effect of biliary obstruction on cytokine responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHODS: Wister rats were allocated into two groups; the BDL group underwent bile duct ligation, followed 2 weeks later by administration of LPS into the duodenum. The control group underwent sham operation, and similarly received enteral LPS. Specimens were collected serially, and applied for the assays. RESULTS: Serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were significantly increased in BDL rats. High tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin (IL)-6 levels in peripheral blood were observed 2 h after LPS administration in BDL rats. In contrast, no increases in both cytokines were noted in peripheral and portal blood in control rats. Baseline HGF levels in portal and peripheral blood in BDL rats were significantly higher than in control rats. LPS significantly increased hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) levels in portal blood and decreased in peripheral blood in BDL rats, but not in control rats. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that BDL increased expressions of Toll-like receptor (TLR)4, CD14 and CD68 both in the small intestine and liver. Both TLR4 and CD14 mRNAs were upregulated in the small intestine and liver after LPS administration in BDL rats. CONCLUSION: Obstructive jaundice and LPS stimulation induced TLR4 upregulation both in the liver and small intestine, which led to increased TNF-alpha and IL-6 production in liver and HGF production in the small intestine. The upregulation of TLR4 may lead to pathological and host defense reactions in obstructive jaundice complicated with Gram-negative bacterial infection.