氯沙坦对糖尿病大鼠肾组织TLR4表达的影响

目的观察氯沙坦对糖尿病大鼠肾组织TOLL样受体4（TLR4）表达的影响。方法采用链脲佐菌素（STZ,65mg·kg^-1）腹腔注射建立糖尿病大鼠模型,将其分为对照组、模型组、治疗组。治疗组在造模成功后1周给予氯沙坦20mg·kg^-1灌胃。12周后测3组24h尿蛋白、血肌酐、肾重／体重、血CRP及TNF-α水平;观察肾脏病理形态学变化;应用免疫组化法检测肾组织TLR4、核因子-κB（NF-κB）的蛋白表达。结果模型组24h尿蛋白、血肌酐、尿素氮、肾重／体重明显升高,肾小球肥大、细胞增生,PAS阳性物质沉积增多。血CRP、TNF-α含量及肾组织TLR4、NF-κB的蛋白表达上调。经氯沙坦治疗后,血CRP、TNF-α含量下降,TLR4、NF-κB的表达下调。结论氯沙坦对糖尿病肾病具有保护作用,其作用机制可能是通过下调NF-κB、TLR4的表达,降低血浆CRP、TNF-α含量来实现的。     

益肾胶囊对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾组织炎症因子NF-κB的影响

目的：观察益肾胶囊对糖尿病肾病（DN）大鼠肾组织核转录因子-κB（nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB）表达的影响。方法：将40只健康雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为：正常对照组（对照组）、DN模型组（模型组）、氯沙坦组、益肾胶囊组,每组10只。利用链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导右肾切除的大鼠制备DN模型。氯沙坦组灌胃氯沙坦钾20mg·kg-1.d-1,益肾胶囊组灌胃益肾胶囊625mg·kg-1.d-1,对照组及模型组每日给予等量的蒸镏水灌胃,实验周期为12周。实验过程中观察大鼠24h尿蛋白定量、血肌酐（Scr）、尿素氮（BUN）变化,光镜下观察肾脏病理变化,采用免疫荧光法检测各组大鼠肾组织NF-κB的表达。结果：12周末,DN模型组大鼠的24h尿蛋白定量、Scr、BUN均高于正常对照组（P〈0.05）,肾组织中NF-κB表达水平明显高于正常对照组（P〈0.05）;益肾胶囊治疗组大鼠24h尿蛋白定量、Scr、BUN均低于模型组（P〈0.05）,肾组织NF-κB表达水平明显低于DN模型组（P〈0.05）。结论：益肾胶囊可能通过下调DN大鼠肾脏组织NF-κB的表达,延缓DN的进展。     

TLR4和NF-κB在大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤中的表达及意义

目的：观察大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤后Toll样受体4（TLR4）和核因子-κB（NF-kB）的表达变化及其关系.方法：将40只SD大鼠随机等分为假手术组（S组）和肾缺血再灌注损伤组（I/R组）,建立肾缺血再灌注模型.在肾缺血再灌注后24 h切取肾脏.采用免疫组织化学法观察TLR4蛋自及NF-κB蛋白在肾脏组织中的表达变化及其相关性 采用半定肇逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测两组肾组织中TLR4、NF-κB的mRNA水平表达变化.结果：TLR4蛋白在S组大鼠肾小管细胞中有少量表达,在I/R组24 h后肾组织中表达明显增加,与S组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.NF-κB P65蛋白在S组大鼠肾小管细胞胞浆和少量胞核中有表达.在I/R组24 h后肾小管细胞胞浆和胞核均可见NF-κB P65明显表达.差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）.TLR4和NF-κB在肾缺血再灌注损伤组织中的表达具有明显的相关性.I/R组中的TLR4 mRNA、NF-κB mRNA表达均较S组上调,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论：大鼠肾缺血冉灌注损伤后,肾组织TLR4和NF-κB P65的表达明显上调,且有明显的相关性.TLR4有可能通过激活NF-κB继而引起下游的炎症因子募集,介导肾缺血再灌注损伤.     

黄芪对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾组织COX-2和NF-κB表达的影响

目的：探讨环氧合酶-2（COX-2）和核转录因子κB（NF-κB）在糖尿病肾病大鼠肾组织中的表达及黄芪对其的影响。方法：将大鼠分成正常对照组、糖尿病肾病组、黄芪干预组。12周周末检测血肌酐、尿素氮、尿蛋白定量;应用免疫组化、Western印迹和聚合酶链式反应方法分别检测大鼠肾组织COX-2和NF-κB的表达。结果：与正常对照组相比,糖尿病肾病组大鼠COX-2和NF-κB的基因及蛋白表达升高（均P〈0.01）。黄芪干预组大鼠肾组织COX-2和NF-κB的基因及蛋白表达较糖尿病肾病组下调（均P〈0.01）。结论：COX-2参与了糖尿病肾病发生发展的病理过程,黄芪治疗糖尿病肾病的作用机制之一是通过下调COX-2的表达从而发挥肾脏保护作用。     

TOLL样受体4在糖尿病肾病大鼠肾小球中的表达变化及其意义

目的初步探讨TOLL样受体4（TLR4）在糖尿病肾病肾小球硬化发生发展中的作用及其机制。方法试验分对照组和模型组。通过链脲佐菌素（STZ）腹腔注射建立糖尿病大鼠模型。模型成功后2、4、6、8、12周分别测定两组24h尿蛋白排泄量、血肌酐、尿素氮、肾重／体重;观察肾脏病理形态学变化,测定细胞外基质增生程度;应用免疫组化法检测肾小球TLR4、转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）、核因子KB（NF-κB）、纤维连接蛋白（FN）的表达。结果模型组大鼠24h尿蛋A、血肌酐、尿素氮、肾重／体重明显升高,肾小球肥大,细胞外基质增生,PAS阳性物质沉积增多。肾小球TLR4、TGFβ1、NF-κB、FN表达亦明显增加,分析提示TLR4的蛋白表达与多项肾小球硬化相关因素呈正相关关系。结论TLR4可能通过调节炎症反应参与了糖尿病肾病肾小球硬化的发生和发展。     

尿毒清颗粒对造影剂肾病的实验研究

目的：探讨尿毒清颗粒对造影剂肾病（ CIN）的疗效及其可能的作用机制。方法：144只雄性SD大鼠随机分成3组：对照组（n＝48）、CIN组（n＝48）和尿毒清组（n＝48）。CIN组及尿毒清组均从尾静脉注射76%复方泛影葡胺注射液（10 ml/kg）建立CIN大鼠模型，对照组以生理盐水替代。尿毒清组在造模前1周给予尿毒清颗粒（2．5 g·kg^-1·d^-1）每日灌胃至处死大鼠前，CIN组用等量生理盐水替代。在造模后6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h、72 h、5 d、10 d及15 d分别应用生化（血Scr、BUN）和组织学（ HE染色）指标评估肾功能及肾小管损伤的情况；免疫组化和RT-PCR检测KIM-1、NF-κB、TNF-α的蛋白及mRNA的表达情况。结果：（1）尿毒清组血Scr、BUN及肾小管间质损伤评分明显较CIN组低（P﹤0．05）；（2）造模后CIN组KIM^-1、NF-κB及TNF-α蛋白及 mRNA表达均上调，而尿毒清组KIM-1、NF-κB及TNF-α蛋白及mRNA表达水平均显著低于CIN组（P﹤0．05）。结论：（1）NF-κB、TNF-α在CIN肾组织中表达上调，CIN发生、发展过程中存在炎性反应；（2）尿毒清颗粒通过下调KIM-1、NF-κB、TNF-α在肾组织中的表达，减轻CIN的炎性反应，从而对CIN有一定的防治作用。     

益肾胶囊对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾间质Wnt与NF-κB影响的研究

目的:观察益肾胶囊对糖尿病肾病(DN)大鼠模型肾间质Wnt4、磷酸化糖原合成酶激酶-3β(PGSK-3β)及核因子-κB(NF-κB)表达水平的影响。方法:健康雄性Wistar大鼠32只,体重(200±20g),随机选取8只作为正常组,其余予腹腔注射链脲佐菌素,制备糖尿病肾病动物模型,造模成功后随机分成4组:模型组(n=8),益肾胶囊组(n=8)和氯沙坦组(n=8)。连续给药12周。12周末,检测各组大鼠24h尿蛋白定量,血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN),取肾组织行HE染色、免疫组化。光镜下观察肾间质病理变化情况,用免疫组化法检测Wnt4、PGSK-3β与NF-κB表达水平,行实时荧光定量(FQ-PCR)法测定肾组织中Wnt4、NF-κBmRNA的表达。结果:12周末,与正常组比较,模型组大鼠24h尿蛋白定量、血Scr、BUN明显增加,肾间质Wnt4、PGSK-3β与NF-κB表达水平明显升高,肾组织Wnt4、NF-κBmRNA表达水平明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,益肾胶囊治疗组大鼠24h尿蛋白定量、血Scr、BUN明显减少,肾间质Wnt4、PGSK-3β与NF-κB表达水平明显降低,肾组织Wnt4、NF-κBmRNA表达水平明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。氯沙坦治疗组与益肾胶囊治疗组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:益肾胶囊可能通过调节DN肾间质Wnt4、PGSK-3β、NF-κB的表达,影响了NF-κB和Wnt通道的信号转导,延缓了DN的进展。     

刺梨冻干粉对肾纤维化模型大鼠的影响及干预机制研究

目的通过观察刺梨冻干粉对单侧输尿管梗阻(unilateral ureteral obstruction,UUO)模型大鼠肾纤维化及免疫炎症因子的影响,探讨刺梨冻干粉延缓肾纤维化的干预机制。方法将SD雄性大鼠分为4组:假手术组、UUO模型组、氯沙坦钾组和刺梨冻干粉组,前两组均予以蒸馏水,氯沙坦钾、刺梨冻干粉组分别给予氯沙坦钾片(1 mg/100 g)及刺梨冻干粉(300 mg/100 g)灌胃治疗,首次给药后14 d处死大鼠,采集标本,观察各组大鼠肾组织病理改变,应用免疫组织化学法检测α平滑肌肌动蛋白(alpha smooth muscle actinα-SMA)、Ⅲ型胶原(collagenⅢ,Col-Ⅲ)及蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测肾脏组织转化生长因子β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)、核转录因子-κB p65(NF-κB p65)、Toll样受体2(Toll-like receptor,TLR2)蛋白的表达。结果光镜下,假手术组肾组织结构基本正常,无明显炎性细胞浸润,间质无或少许胶原纤维;模型组肾组织结构紊乱,大量炎性细胞浸润,肾间质可见明显的胶原纤维沉积,氯沙坦钾、刺梨冻干粉组与模型组比较病理改变明显减轻。假手术组大鼠肾组织中仅少量α-SMA、Col-Ⅲ、TGF-β1、NF-κB p65及TLR2蛋白表达,模型组中上述蛋白表达显著升高;与模型组比较,刺梨冻干粉组、氯沙坦钾组大鼠肾组织中α-SMA、Col-Ⅲ、TGF-β1、NF-κB p65、TLR2蛋白显著降低(P0.01);刺梨冻干粉组肾组织中TLR2、NF-κB p65蛋白较氯沙坦钾组表达显著降低(P0.05),α-SMA、Col-Ⅲ、TGF-β1蛋白表达二者比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。刺梨冻干粉能够明显减轻UUO大鼠肾功能的损害及输尿管梗阻导致的肾纤维化。结论刺梨冻干粉对UUO模型大鼠肾组织局部的免疫微环境有调节作用,能改善肾纤维化。     

丙泊酚对大鼠缺血再灌注肾NF-κB、TNF-α表达的影响

目的 研究丙泊酚对大鼠肢体缺血再灌注损伤后肾组织中肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumornecrosisfactor-α,TNF-α）、核因子-κB（nuclear factor-κxB,NF-κB）表达的影响。方法 24只SD雄性大鼠,随机分为假手术对照组（A组）,肢体缺血再灌注组（B组）和丙泊酚干预组（C组）,每组8只。采用免疫组织化学方法检测TNF-α、NF-κB的表达,行图像分析半定量。结果 B组大鼠肾组织中TNF-α、NF-κB的表达明显高于A组（P〈0．05）,C组明显低于B组（P〈0．05）。结论 肢体缺血再灌注后有明显肾损伤,丙泊酚对肢体缺血再灌注肾损伤有一定程度的保护作用,其机制可能与下调大鼠肢体缺血再灌注损伤肾组织中TNF-α、NF-κB的过度表达有关。     

氟伐他汀对糖尿病大鼠肾组织核因子-κB活性的影响

目的：观察氟伐他汀对实验性2型糖尿病大鼠肾组织中核因子-κB（NF-κB）活化的影响。方法：应用单侧肾切除后饮食加小剂量链脲佐菌素（STZ）方法,制备2型糖尿病肾病（DN）大鼠模型。将实验动物随机分为假手术组、2型糖尿病组及氟伐他汀治疗组（2mg·kg^-1·d^-1）。给药治疗6周后,检测各组动物血糖、血脂、血肌酐（Scr）、24h尿蛋白定量（TP／24h）等指标。采用电泳迁移率变动分析（EMSA）方法检测NF-κB活性变化,采用RT—PCR方法检测单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）mRNAg达水平。结果：小剂量氟伐他汀未影响血糖、血脂。治疗6周后,可明显降低2型DN大鼠肾组织中NF-κB活性,减少MCP-1 mRNA表达,并降低蛋白尿。结论：氟伐他汀对实验性2型糖尿病大鼠具有非依赖降脂的肾脏保护作用,其机制至少部分与降低肾组织中NF-κB活性,下调MCP-1基因表达有关。     

Regulation of melatonin on Toll-like receptor 4 signaling in diabetic db/db mice kidneys

Objective To investigate the regulation of melatonin (MT) on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in diabetic db/db mice kidneys. Methods The 48 10-week-old male db/db mice were randomly divided into db/db group, db/db+MT 50 μg/kg group, db/db+MT 100 μg/kg group and db/db+MT 200 μg/kg group, each consisting of 12 mice. These mice received i.p. injections of MT These mice received i.p. injections of MT [dissoved in phosphate buffer solution (PBS)/ dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solution, given every day]. Alternatively, 12 db/m mice served as the control group. db/m and db/db group were injected i.p. with the same volume of PBS/DMSO solution. The animals were sacrificed after 12 weeks of dosage administration. Blood glucose (BG), body weight (BW), kidney weight (KW) and 24 h urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) were determined; Kidney pathological lesions were evaluated by renal pathological staining. Immunohistochemistry of renal TLR4, NF-κB p65, and ED-1 was performed to determine the immunoreactivity. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of renal TLR4, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), TIR-domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-β (TRIF), interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) and NF-κB p65, while the mRNA expressions of renal tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) were evaluated by real-time PCR. Results Compared with control group, the levels of BG, BW, KW and UAER were much higher in db/db mice group (P＜0.01), while KW in db/db+MT (100, 200 μg/kg) groups and UAER level in db/db+MT (50, 100, 200 μg/kg) groups were distinctly decreased compared with those in db/db group (P＜0.01). In week 12 db/db mice, the glomerular mesangial expansion index and tubulointerstitial injury index were increased compared with those in db/m mice (P＜0.01). The above kidney histopathologic lesions were distinctly ameliorated by 50, 100, 200 μg/kg MT (P＜0.05). Immunohistochemistry intensity of renal TLR4, NF-κB p65 and ED-1 displayed obvious differences between db/m mice and db/db mice (P＜0.01), and that were remarkably decreased in db/db+MT (50, 100, 200 μg/kg) mice compared with db/db mice (P＜0.05). Western blotting showed that the protein expression of renal TLR4, MyD88, TRIF, IRF-3 and NF-κB p65 were stronger in db/db group compared with those in db/m group (P＜0.05) and weaker in db/db+MT (50, 100, 200 μg/kg) groups compared with those in db/db group (P＜0.05). Futhermore, the mRNA expressions of renal MCP-1 and TNF-α were higher in db/db group compared with those in db/m group (P＜0.01) and lower in db/db+MT (50, 100, 200 μg/kg) groups compared with those in db/db group (P＜0.01). Conclusion Melatonin may partly down-regulate TLR4 signaling pathway to inhibit Inflammatory reaction and alleviate kidney injury in diabetic db/db mice.     

巨噬细胞Bruton酪氨酸激酶基因特异性敲除减轻糖尿病小鼠肾脏损害的作用及机制

目的探讨巨噬细胞Bruton酪氨酸激酶(Btk)基因特异性敲除对糖尿病小鼠肾脏损害的作用及机制。方法选用巨噬细胞Btk基因特异性敲除(Btk-/-)小鼠和C57BL/6N小鼠链脲菌素(STZ,50 mg/kg)造模成功后随机分为正常组、糖尿病组、Btk-/-组和Btk-/-糖尿病组。12周后测定小鼠一般指标,观察肾组织病理学改变,免疫荧光检测肾组织巨噬细胞标志物CD68表达,免疫组化检测足细胞标志物WT1和Nephrin的表达,Western印迹检测细胞外基质纤维连接蛋白(FN)、IV型胶原(IV-Col)及转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1),巨噬细胞激活标志物诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、磷酸化(p)-Btk,炎性因子白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路p-p38MAPK、p-JNK、p-ERK以及核因κB(NF-κB)通路p-p65、p-IκB蛋白水平变化;实时荧光定量PCR检测炎性因子IL-1β、TNF-α、单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)mRNA表达。结果与糖尿病组相比,Btk-/-糖尿病组尿白蛋白明显减少,肾组织损伤明显减轻,肾脏巨噬细胞CD68表达明显减少,足细胞标志物WT1及Nephrin表达明显增加,细胞外基质FN、IV-Col及TGF-β1表达明显减少,炎性因子IL-1β、TNF-α及MCP-1表达明显降低,p-JNK、p-ERK、p-p38MAPK及p-p65、p-IκB表达明显下调(均P<0.05)。结论巨噬细胞Btk特异性敲除可能通过MAPK、NF-κB通路降低炎性因子的表达从而对糖尿病小鼠肾脏起到保护作用。     

Toll-like receptor 4 promotes tubular inflammation in diabetic nephropathy

Inflammation contributes to the tubulointerstitial lesions of diabetic nephropathy. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) modulate immune responses and inflammatory diseases, but their role in diabetic nephropathy is not well understood. In this study, we found increased expression of TLR4 but not of TLR2 in the renal tubules of human kidneys with diabetic nephropathy compared with expression of TLR4 and TLR2 in normal kidney and in kidney disease from other causes. The intensity of tubular TLR4 expression correlated directly with interstitial macrophage infiltration and hemoglobin A1c level and inversely with estimated glomerular filtration rate. The tubules also upregulated the endogenous TLR4 ligand high-mobility group box 1 in diabetic nephropathy. In vitro, high glucose induced TLR4 expression via protein kinase C activation in a time- and dose-dependent manner, resulting in upregulation of IL-6 and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL-2) expression via IκB/NF-κB activation in human proximal tubular epithelial cells. Silencing of TLR4 with small interfering RNA attenuated high glucose-induced IκB/NF-κB activation, inhibited the downstream synthesis of IL-6 and CCL-2, and impaired the ability of conditioned media from high glucose-treated proximal tubule cells to induce transmigration of mononuclear cells. We observed similar effects using a TLR4-neutralizing antibody. Finally, streptozotocin-induced diabetic and uninephrectomized TLR4-deficient mice had significantly less albuminuria, renal dysfunction, renal cortical NF-κB activation, tubular CCL-2 expression, and interstitial macrophage infiltration than wild-type animals. Taken together, these data suggest that a TLR4-mediated pathway may promote tubulointerstitial inflammation in diabetic nephropathy.     

七氟醚预处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注时Toll 样受体4表达的影响

目的 探讨七氟醚预处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注时Toll样受体4(TLR4)表达的影响.方法 清洁级健康雄性SD大鼠30只,体重250～300 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为3组(n=10):假手术组(S组)开胸暴露30 min,左冠状动脉前降支仅穿线不结扎;心肌缺血再灌注组(IR组)采用结扎左冠状动脉前降支30 min,再灌注2 h的方法 制备大鼠心肌缺血再灌注模型;七氟醚预处理组(SP组)吸入2.5%七氟醚30 min,洗脱15 min后制备模型.于再灌注2 h时处死大鼠取心脏,观察心肌组织病理学结果,采用Western blot法检测TLR4、NF-κB和TNF-α的蛋白表达水平.结果 与S组比较,IR组和SP组TLR4、NF-κB和TNF-α的蛋白表达上调(P＜0.05);与IR组比较,SP组TLR4、NF-κB和TNF-α的蛋白表达下调(P＜0.05).病理学结果 显示:SP组心肌细胞损伤较IR组减轻.结论 七氟醚预处理可通过抑制TLR4表达上调降低炎性反应,从而减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of sevoflurane preconditioning on the expression of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) during myocardial ischemia reperfusion(IR) in rats.Methods Thirty male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10 each):sham operation group (S group) , IR group and sevoflurane preconditioning group(SP group).Myocardial ischemia was produced by temporary ligation of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery for 30 min followed by 2 h reperfusion. In SP group, the animals inhaled 2.5% sevoflurane for 30 min followed by 15 min washout before ischemia. The rats were sacrificed at 2 h of reperfusion, hearts removed and myocardial tissues obtained for microscopic examination.The expression of TLR4, NF-κB and TNF-α was detected using Western blot. Results The expression of TLR4, NF-κB and TNF-α was significantly up-regulated in IR and SP groups compared with group S (P＜0.05).The expression of TLR4, NF-κB and TNF-α was significantly down-regulated in group SP compared with group IR (P＜0.05).The myocardial injury was attenuated in group SP.Conclusion Sevoflurane preconditioning can attenuate myocardial IR injury by inhibiting the up-regulation of TLR4 expression and reducing the inflammatory response.     

法安明对糖尿病大鼠血清及肾组织中P-selectin的作用

目的：探讨P-selectin在糖尿病肾病发病中的作用以及低分子肝素法安明对肾脏保护作用的机制。方法：用链脲佐菌素（STZ60mg/kg体重）构建糖尿病大鼠模型后随机分为糖尿病组（DN组）和法安明治疗组（T组）,并设正常对照组（N组）。于应用法安明前、后第4、8、12周分别测定3组大鼠的体重、24h尿蛋白总量、24h尿白蛋白、Scr,12周测血脂、凝血功能;应用ELISA方法检测各组大鼠血P-selectin水平,用免疫组化方法检测肾组织P-selectin,用real-time PCR法测P-selectin mRNA表达;并观察各组大鼠肾脏组织病理学改变。结果：与N组比较,DN组大鼠肾重/体重指数以及24h尿白蛋白、蛋白定量、Scr均显著上升（P〈0.05）;肾组织P-selectin mRNA和蛋白表达增强（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）。与DN组比较,T组大鼠、肾重/体重指数下降（P〈0.05）、24h尿白蛋白、24h尿蛋白量和Scr均显著下降（P〈0.01）;P-selectin mRNA表达水平显著下降（P〈0.01）。结论：P-selectin可能参与了DN的发病过程,法安明可能通过影响P-selectin的表达从而对肾脏有保护作用。     

Ischemic post-conditioning attenuates renal ischemic reperfusion injury via down-regulation of toll-like receptor 4 in diabetic rats

Background: Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which is commonly seen in the field of renal surgery or transplantation, is a major cause of acute renal failure (ARF). The ischemic ARF in diabetic rats is much more severe than that in the normal rats exposed to as same ischemic time. Ischemic post-conditioning (IPO) is a phenomenon by which intermittent interruptions of blood flow in the early phase of reperfusion can protect organs from I/R injury. To determine whether the renal protection effect of IPO mediates by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway in diabetic rats.

Methods: Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation group, I/R group, and IPO group. Except sham operation group, rats were subjected to 30?min of renal ischemia, both with and without treatment with IPO, then reperfusion 24?h. Light microscope and transmission electronic microscope were used to observe structural changes of renal tubule. RT-PCR was used to measure TLR4 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) mRNA expression level, renal TLR4 and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) protein expression was detected by Western blot.

Results: The results demonstrated that IPO markedly decreased renal ischemic injury caused by I/R and inhibited the proinflammatory expression levels of TLR4, TNF-α, and NF-κB, all of which up-regulated by I/R in diabetic rats.

Conclusion: Taken together, our results suggest that proper IPO may have protective effect on the ischemic injury mediated by renal I/R, which might be associated with inhibition of TLR4 signaling pathway in diabetic rats.