锁骨下动脉损伤及创伤性假性动脉瘤的外科治疗策略

目的探讨锁骨下动脉损伤及创伤性动脉瘤外科治疗措施.方法对2例锁骨下动脉损伤,5例锁骨下假性动脉瘤实施了外科手术,根据病变的部位、程度及受伤时间、累及范围等,选用锁骨上、下切口,胸骨正中切口、左胸书本型切口等,采用了血管缝扎、血管壁修补,血管吻合,血管移植、辅助体外循环及球囊止血技术.结果 5例痊愈、1例动静脉狭窄,1例动脉闭塞伴臂丛损伤,平均失血800 ml.结论锁骨下动脉损伤及假性动脉瘤手术复杂,术前对病变进行仔细评估,选择合理的切口及手术方法是减少并发症的关键.     

小儿主动脉缩窄的外科治疗

目的总结2003年1月-2008年4月我院小儿主动脉缩窄外科治疗的临床经验。方法我院自2003年1月-2008年4月期间共收治小儿主动脉缩窄32例,其中6例采用左后外侧第4肋间切口,26例采用正中切口体外循环下一期纠治主动脉缩窄及合并畸形。1例行人工补片主动脉成形术,1例行左锁骨下动脉翻转主动脉成形术,21例行主动脉狭窄段切除加端端吻合术,9例行主动脉远端与主动脉弓下缘扩大的端端吻合术。结果本组死亡1例,死于低心排血量综合征。1例术后出现肠坏死,给予行肠切除后恢复顺利。随访5个月～5年,无晚期死亡,无严重的神经系统并发症;超声检查示2例有再缩窄,压力阶差分别为22和31mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)。结论主动脉缩窄无论是否合并心内畸形均应早期手术治疗;选择正中切口一期手术治疗,可同时纠治发育不良的主动脉弓;主动脉远端与主动脉弓下缘行端侧吻合术等手术方法扩大了手术纠治的指征,也提高了手术疗效。     

颈、胸廓上口开放性血管损伤的救治

目的总结18例颈、胸廓上口开放性血管损伤的救治经验,指导临床抢救.方法对18例颈、胸廓上口开放性血管损伤行吻合修补颈总动脉3例、颈内动脉2例、颈内静脉5例,结扎颈前静脉2例、颈外静脉10例、颈横动脉及肩胛上动脉1例,左锁骨下动脉第二段取出竹片异物1例.结果17例痊愈,1例死于失血性休克.结论现场有效压迫伤口,抗休克同时迅速结扎血管止血或完成血管重建是抢救成功的关键,左锁骨下动脉第二段栓塞可不结扎.     

颈、胸廓上口开放性血管损伤的救治

目的 总结18例颈、胸廓上口开放性血管损伤的救治经验,指导临床抢救。方法 对18例颈、胸廓上口开放性血管损伤行吻合修补颈总动脉3例、颈内动脉2例、颈内静脉5例,结扎颈前静脉2例、颈外静脉10例、颈横动脉及肩柙上动咏1例,左锁骨下动脉第二段取出竹片异物1例。结果 17例痊愈,1例死于失血性休克。结论现场有效压迫伤口,抗休克同时迅速结扎血管止血或完成血管重建是抢救成功的关键,左锁骨下动脉第二段栓塞可不结扎。     

四肢骨折合并血管损伤的治疗体会

四肢骨折合并重要血管损伤,是骨科常见的并发症,治疗正确与否,影响到受损肢体的存活和功能。自198502至199706,我院收治四肢骨折合并主要血管损伤38例,现报告如下。1　临床资料11　一般情况　本组38例,年龄8～52岁,平均年龄26岁;开放性损伤27例,闭合性损伤11例。血管完全断裂25例,部分断裂7例、栓塞6例。12　损伤原因　车祸17例,砸伤12例,绞伤5例,坠落伤4例。13　骨折部位及损伤血管　锁骨1例,肱骨7例,尺桡骨9例,耻骨1例,股骨6例,胫腓骨14例。锁骨下动脉1例,腋动脉1例,肱动脉6例,尺桡动脉9例,髂外动脉1例,股动脉2例,动脉4例,胫前后动脉14…     

杂交手术治疗急性DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层

目的总结杂交手术治疗急性DeBakeyIII型复杂型主动脉夹层的临床经验。方法 21例DeBakeyIII型复杂型主动脉夹层患者,接受了杂交手术,即颈部切口主动脉弓分支血管旁路及覆膜支架主动脉腔内修复。全组行左锁骨下动脉-右颈总动脉旁路8例,左锁骨下动脉-左颈总动脉旁路6例,左颈总动脉-头臂干旁路4例,左锁骨下动脉-右颈总动脉旁路及左颈总动脉-头臂干旁路3例,覆膜支架主动脉腔内修复21例。结果旁路手术时间平均3 h,腔内修复平均1.6 h,全程失血量60-200ml。无住院死亡。发生脑血管意外1例,精神症状（被害妄想、幻视）3例,左耳听力减退1例及切口淋巴漏1例。术后随访1-7个月,无头昏及左上肢乏力等。复查主动脉CTA未提示新发夹层,颈部分支血管及人工血管通畅,无内漏及支架移位。结论杂交手术治疗急性DeBakeyIII型复杂型主动脉夹层安全、简单、有效,且创伤小、并发症少、恢复快,既实现腔内隔绝病变又保证主动脉弓分支血管血流灌注,近期疗效确切,中远期疗效有待进一步观察。     

右前外胸部小切口体外循环心脏直视手术12例报告

自1997年12月至1998年4月,我们经右胸前外侧小切口行体外循环下心脏直机手术12例,取得良好效果,报告于下。1临床资料本组病例男7例,女5例。年龄5－42岁。病种包括先天性心脏病房间隔缺损7例,室间隔缺损4例,风心病二尖瓣狭窄并关闭不全1例。2手术方法病人在气管插管静脉复合麻醉下,平卧位,作好中心静脉压和挽动脉压的监测后,将右肩背部抬高30°,右上肢则可外展或上抬固定在头架上。按右胸前外侧切口径路消毒铺敷,皮肤切口自腋下到锁骨中线作弧行切口,女性病人则沿右乳房下缘切开,并将乳房组织沿皮下分离,随后切开胸大肌、前锯…     

头臂动脉狭窄的介入治疗（附5例报告）

目的 探讨介入治疗头臂动脉狭窄的方法与价值。方法 本组5例，颈总动脉狭窄2例．其中1例行经皮血管内成形术，1例行血管内支架置入治疗。锁骨下动脉狭窄3例．其中2例行经皮血管内成形术，1例行血管内支架治疗。结果 对5例头臂动脉狭窄病例进行了介入治疗全部成功。治疗后血管恢复通畅，患者临床症状消失。结论介入治疗头臂动脉狭窄性病变创伤小，并发症少，安全有效。     

医源性淋巴管损伤2例

例 1:女性 ,5 8岁。因发现颈部淋巴结肿大 1个月。取左锁骨上明显肿大淋巴结 ,在胸锁乳突肌后缘锁骨上 2 cm处约 4 cm斜切口 ,分离淋巴结时轻度粘连 ,把淋巴结牵出 ,稍做剥离后钳夹周围组织剪开 ,置橡皮片引流条 ,缝合伤口。次日病人再次就诊 ,颈前及前胸明显肿胀 ,伤口处溢出乳白色液体 ,淋漓不断。送检报告 :苏丹 染色有脂肪滴。临床诊断 :颈部胸导管损伤、乳糜瘘。经住院治疗 2周后痊愈。例 2 :男性 ,39岁 ,淋巴瘤病人。因两侧腹股沟淋巴结过度肿大 ,并右下肢水肿行右腹股沟淋巴结切除。取右腹股沟韧带中段下 2 cm,与之平行切口约 5 cm,…     

经皮左锁骨下动脉导管药盒系统植入术治疗转移性肝癌观察

目的探讨经皮左锁骨下动脉路径导管药盒系统植入术在转移性肝癌治疗中的临床应用价值。方法 2003年5月~2008年8月对25例转移性肝癌采用Seldinger技术经皮左锁骨下动脉穿刺插管,将留置管头端置于靶动脉,尾端连接药盒,并将药盒埋植于左胸壁皮下,经药盒注射行化疗栓塞治疗。结果 25例手术均获得了成功,术后1例切口延迟愈合,1例药盒翻转,1例导管药盒系统（PCS）堵塞,经适当处理后得到了解决。结论经皮左锁骨下动脉导管药盒系统植入术对转移性肝癌治疗简便、经济、安全和有效。     

动脉搭桥术治疗外伤性脑梗塞病例报告并文献复习

目的探讨脑梗塞的外科治疗方法。方法报告1例外伤性脑梗塞锁骨下动脉-静脉-颈内动脉搭桥术治疗的患者,并结合文献分析脑梗塞手术治疗的时机、方式、适应证。结果动脉搭桥术后患者肢体肌力由术前的0～1级逐渐恢复至3～4级。彩超复查示移植血管通畅良好。结论动脉搭桥术是治疗脑梗塞的有效方法,但要严格掌握手术适应证。     

可能切除性胰腺体尾部癌的外科手术治疗研究

目的 探讨可能切除性胰腺体尾部癌行外科手术治疗的技术方法及临床疗效。方法 11例伴有局部侵 犯的可能切除性胰腺体尾部癌患者,均以逆行切除方式施行根治性切除手术,同时辅以术后化疗并追踪随访。结 果 11例患者中10例达到R0切除,1例为R1切除。3例切除了受累的腹腔干血管（CA）及肝总动脉（CHA）,其中2 例联合了全胃切除、空肠代胃术,1例因切口感染延长了住院时间外,其余病例均无严重并发症发生。术后除2例患 者未能坚持规律化疗外,其余患者均行吉西他滨规律化疗。术后全部患者腹痛症状消失,中位生存时间28（14,36） 个月,术后1年、3年生存率分别为90.9%、36.3%。结论 可能切除性胰腺体尾部癌患者手术切除率低并长期被腹痛 困扰,以逆行切除手术方式,必要时扩大手术切除范围的方法并辅助术后化疗可以一定程度延长患者的生存时间并 显著改善患者的生活质量。     

肛门直肠周围脓肿一次性根治术128例临床观察

目的：探讨肛门直肠周围各间隙脓肿一次性根治的有效治疗方法。方法：对128例肛周脓肿患者采用一次性切开、低位切开高位黏膜挂紧线、脓肿切开对口引流、脓肿切开高位挂紧线等手术方法治疗。结果：仅有2例高位脓肿复发形成肛瘘,二次手术后未再复发;其余患者随访3个月无复发及未出现肛门失禁、肛门狭窄、肛门畸形等并发症。结论：肛门直肠周围各间隙脓肿采用合理的手术方法均能获得较好疗效。     

心脏术后常见胸部正中切口愈合不良的治疗策略

目的　探讨心脏术后不同类型胸部正中切口愈合不良的治疗策略。方法　回顾性分析2017年2月至2020年1月阜外华中心血管病医院1 067例成人患者，手术涵盖冠状动脉搭桥、心脏瓣膜成形或置换、冠状动脉搭桥+瓣膜成形或置换、先天性心脏病矫治、改良扩大Morrow术等，均采用胸部正中手术切口，术后44例患者出现不同类型的切口愈合不良，其中男19例、女25例，年龄（65.2±6.73）岁。经积极处理，均愈合良好。结果　14例患者胸部正中切口脂肪液化，予以换药加压包扎，痊愈；11例患者胸部正中局部切口愈合不良，清创后予以二次缝合术，痊愈；10例患者胸部正中切口全程愈合不良，清创后予以二次缝合术，除1例愈合欠佳，中段再次予以清创缝合术，均愈合良好；5例术后胸骨钢丝松动，收紧钢丝后予以清创缝合术，愈合良好；4例胸骨哆开，予以胸大肌皮瓣翻转术，一次性治愈。结论　针对心脏术后不同类型的胸部正中手术切口愈合不良，采取个体化的治疗方法，均可以取得满意的临床效果。     

Inflammatory events in a vascular remodeling model induced by surgical injury to the rat carotid artery

1.--The aim of our study was to gain insight into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the inflammatory response to arterial injury in a rat experimental model. 2.--Rats (five for each experimental time) were subjected to brief clamping and longitudinal incision of a carotid artery and monitored for 30 days. Subsequently, Nuclear Factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) expression was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Heat shock protein (HSP) 27, HSP47 and HSP70 were evaluated by Western blot. Morphological changes of the vessel wall were investigated by light and electron microscopy. 3.--In injured rat carotid artery NF-kappaB activity started immediately upon injury, and peaked between 2 and 3 weeks later. Western blot showed a significant increase of HSP47 and HSP70 7 days after injury. At 2 weeks postinjury, HSP27 expression peaked. Light microscopy showed a neointima formation, discontinuity of the media layer and a rich infiltrate. Among infiltrating cells electron microscopy identified dendritic-like cells in contact with lymphocytes. 4.--Our model of surgical injury induces a significant inflammatory process characterized by enhanced NF-kappaB activity and HSPs hyperexpression. Dendritic-like cells were for the first time identified as a novel component of tissue repair consequent to acute arterial injury.     

膝部损伤合并腘动脉损伤22例临床分析

目的探讨膝部损伤伴有胭动脉损伤的早期诊断、治疗方法。方法对22例膝部损伤伴有胭动脉损伤的病例采用小腿筋膜室切开、血管端端吻合、大隐静脉移植，一期重建血液循环、骨折固定。3例无法修复的重度毁损者予以截肢。结果其中15例小腿及足感觉运动功能完全恢复；3例小腿肌肉轻度萎缩伴跛行；1例小腿跛行明显，踝关节功能较差。3例由于术后各种原因截肢。结论对膝部损伤伴有胭动脉损伤应争取早期诊断、早期及时应用显微外科技术修复，可收到良好的治疗效果。     

胰十二指肠切除术后出血原因分析及防治

目的探讨胰十二指肠切除术（PD）后出血的原因、诊断及对策。方法对2003年1月至2009年12月期间河南省肿瘤医院普外科行PD的105例患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,并对术后患者的出血时间、出血原因、诊断与治疗方法及结果进行探讨。结果 PD术后发生出血8例,其中早期（术后第5d以内）出血2例,晚期（术后第5d以后）出血6例,其中2例死亡。出血原因：应激性溃疡出血5例,胃肠吻合口出血1例,胰腺断面出血1例,胃十二指肠动脉出血1例,出血病例中6例行综合内科治疗,5例止血成功,1例死亡;2例行手术止血,1例止血成功,1例术后发生多器官功能衰竭而死亡。结论早期出血以吻合口出血为主,应强调早期手术治疗的重要性;晚期出血以应激性溃疡为主,保守治疗多可止血。     

Correlation of leukocyte adhesiveness, adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte-induced contraction following balloon angioplasty

1. The aim of this study was to examine the changes in leukocyte adhesion and leukocyte-induced contraction in balloon-injured rabbit subclavian artery and to correlate these changes with vessel morphology and expression of adhesion molecules on the injured arteries. 2. Rabbits were anaesthetized and their left subclavian arteries were injured by balloon inflation and withdrawal followed by sacrifice at 2, 24, 48 h or 8 days after injury. The left and right subclavian arteries were removed and leukocytes were isolated from autologous rabbit blood. Leukocyte-induced contraction was measured in 5-HT precontracted artery rings and leukocyte adhesion was measured using (51)Cr-labelled leukocytes. Immunocytochemistry using paraffin-embedded tissue was employed to detect changes in the expression of adhesion molecules on injured arteries. 3. Autologous leukocytes caused a contraction of rabbit subclavian artery rings, which was prevented by L-NAME (10(-3) M). Balloon-induced injury abolished the contractile response to leukocytes, which correlated with loss of carbachol-induced relaxation 4. Balloon injury markedly enhanced the adhesiveness of the subclavian artery for leukocytes, most notably at 24 and 48 h after injury (1.7 and 1.8 fold respectively). Increased leukocyte adhesion at these two time points correlated with an upregulation of E-selectin, P-selectin and VCAM-1 expression on the remaining endothelium of the injured artery. 5. Vessel morphology revealed that balloon inflation had induced an infiltration of inflammatory cells into the vessel wall, the greatest increase being seen at 24 h after injury. 6. It is concluded that an increase in the expression of E-selectin, P-selectin and VCAM-1 following balloon-induced injury leads to enhanced leukocyte adhesion and migration into the injured vessel.     

Acute myocardial infarction and left subclavian artery occlusion in Behçet's disease: a case report

A 42-year-old woman with Behcet's disease and pericardial effusion for 14 years presented with acute myocardial infarction and received thrombolytic therapy. Coronary angiography showed total occlusion of the left anterior descending artery. Subsequently, the left internal mammary artery was grafted to the left anterior descending artery. Approximately one year after bypass surgery, digital subtraction angiography of the left subclavian artery, performed because of chest and left arm pain, showed total occlusion of the left subclavian artery. Retrograde flow from the left vertebral artery filled the distal portion of the left subclavian artery. In conclusion, patients with Behcet's disease should be investigated closely for involvement of other arteries when one vessel's involvement has been detected. We also recommend that free arterial grafts be used for any coronary surgical intervention, because of the risk of occlusion associated with the vasculitis of Behcet's disease.     

非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植

目的　探讨非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植 (OPCAB)手术方法及评价其初步临床结果。方法　 5 5例冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者中左主干病变 4例 ,单支病变 10例 ,双支病变 15例 ,三支病变 2 6例。均经正中切口行OPCAB ,人均旁路移植 2 73支 (1～ 5支 )。应用左乳内动脉 5 5支 ,大隐静脉 95支。结果　 5 3例顺利完成手术 ,2例转成体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植。 5 4例在术后 2～ 12 (平均 4 9± 2 6 )小时拔除气管插管。全组均顺利康复。 2 5例手术后 1个月内恢复了原工作。结论　对于选择的患者 ,OPCAB是一项安全有效的术式