扩髓与非扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗开放性胫骨骨折的疗效比较

目的 比较扩髓与非扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗开放性胫骨骨折的临床疗效。方法 对64例共67侧开放性胫骨骨折采用带锁髓内钉治疗，其中非扩髓组36侧，扩髓组31侧。伤口愈合拆线后扶拐下地活动，术后定期随访6个月-1年。结果 非扩髓组与扩髓组局部感染率分别是13．9％和12．9％(P＞0．05)，无全身感染；非扩髓组5例锁钉断裂，扩髓组无断钉；非扩髓组与扩髓组平均骨折愈合时间分别为22．5周和17．2周(P＜0．05)。延迟愈合分别为5例、3例，非扩髓组有1例骨折不愈合。结论 与非扩髓组比较，扩髓带锁髓内钉具有骨折固定强度大、骨折愈合快、延迟愈合或不愈合少，感染率没有明显升高。     

股骨干骨折扩髓与不扩髓固定对肺气体交换功能的影响

目的 :探讨股骨干骨折髓内钉固定过程中扩髓与不扩髓对肺气体交换功能的影响。方法 :38例股骨干骨折分别采用扩髓和不扩髓交锁钉内固定 ,术中不同时间段进行动脉血气分析 ,计算肺泡死腔分数 (Vd/Vt)、氧合指数(PaO2 /FiO2 )。结果 :扩髓组 ,髓腔扩大后Vd/Vt增加 (p <0 .0 5 ) ;PaO2 /FiO2 降低 (p <0 .0 1) ;不扩髓组 ,插入髓钉后30minVd/Vt增加 ( p <0 .0 5 ) ,PaO2 /FiO2 降低 ( p <0 .0 1) ,髓内钉插入后 6 0min时二者在 2组间均恢复正常 ;扩髓后 2组间Vd/Vt、PaO2 /FiO2 差异具有显著性 ,其它时间段 2组间无差异 ;动脉血气分析 ,各时间段和组间差异无显著性。结论 :扩大髓腔的髓内钉固定 ,并不影响肺气体交换功能 ,股骨干骨折患者血流动力学稳定时 ,能耐受扩髓髓内钉固定手术。     

应用扩髓与非扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗闭合性胫骨骨折临床疗效观察

目的探讨对比应用交锁髓内钉闭合复位下扩髓与非扩髓治疗闭合性胫骨骨折的临床疗效。方法将84例闭合性胫骨骨折患者随机分为扩髓与非扩髓组各40例,分别采用扩髓与非扩髓交锁髓内钉固定治疗,比较二者手术时间,骨折愈合时间,术后感染、延迟愈合等情况。结果 84例患者均获得随访,随访时间平均20.6个月.手术时间扩髓组平均48.2 min,非扩髓组41 min。愈合时间扩髓组平均16.5周,非扩髓组平均23.5周。2组间差异有统计学意义,P<0.05。术后锁钉断裂扩髓组2例,非扩髓组6例,2组差异有统计学意义P<0.05。扩髓组延迟愈合6例,畸形愈合4例;非扩髓组延迟愈合7例,畸形愈合5例2组差异无统计学意义。2组均无感染病例。未出现膝、踝关节功能障碍病例。结论与非扩髓组相比,应用扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗闭合性胫骨骨折,具有骨折固定强度大,并发症少,骨折愈合快等优点。     

小切口复位逆行扩髓带锁髓内钉盲锁治疗股骨骨折(附38例报告)

目的:采用小切口复位逆行扩髓带锁髓内钉“盲锁”治疗股骨粉碎和难以闭合复位的简单骨折。方法:对38例股骨干骨折采用小切口复位逆行扩髓带锁髓内钉内固定,术中不用X线监测。结果:38例已全部骨性愈合,患肢膝、髋关节功能正常。28例取出全部内固定;6例近端锁钉全部取出。4例近端静力锁钉已取。结论:小切口复位逆行扩髓带锁髓内钉“盲锁”内固定是治疗难以闭合复位和粉碎性股骨骨折的良好方法,适合于基层医院。     

非扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折

目的探讨非扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折的方法与疗效。方法回顾102例胫骨骨折均采用非扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗的临床资料，对有关适应证、手术时机、扩髓与否、膝前疼痛、腓骨处理问题进行讨论。结果102例胫骨骨折有98例得到随访3～18个月，平均随访7．5个月，结果评定采用Johner—wruh评分标准，优87例，良11例，差0例。以上病人均无继发性骨筋膜综合征、膝前疼痛、感染、钉体或锁钉断裂、骨折不愈合等发生。结论非扩髓胫骨髓内钉适合胫骨骨折治疗。     

股骨干骨折--扩髓和不扩髓髓内钉比较

治疗股骨干骨折，采用不扩髓髓内钉比扩髓髓内钉手术时间明显缩短，而且失血也少。但是，扩髓钉的骨愈合更快，延迟愈合更少。两者都没有显著增加包括肺损害等其它并发症的风险。功能结果不能确定。     

有限切开复位逆向扩髓顺行髓内钉治疗股骨骨折

目的 探讨有限切开复位逆向扩髓顺行髓内钉治疗股骨骨折的临床应用效果.方法 对69例股骨骨折患者采用4～6 cm的切口切开复位,同时逆向扩髓,顺行插入髓内钉固定.结果 69例均获随访,时间10～18个月.2例术后5个月骨痂生长不明显,1例取出远端锁钉后4个月愈合,另1例取出远端锁钉后6个月愈合;其余患者4～8个月全部骨性愈.未发生感染、骨不连及畸形愈合.结论 有限切开复位逆向扩髓顺行髓内钉治疗股骨骨折可使骨折端达到解剖复位,有利于髓内钉准确置入,手术时间短,创伤小,固定稳妥,有利于早期功能锻炼和骨折愈合.     

胫骨骨折髓内钉内固定是否需要扩髓

胫骨骨折交锁髓内钉内固定治疗已取得了良好的临床效果,但在髓内钉内固定扩髓、不扩髓的问题上一直存在争议。为比较胫骨骨折髓内钉内固定扩髓病人与非扩髓病人在骨折愈合时间及主要并发症发生率上是否存在差异,该文作者对45例胫骨中段2/3骨折病人进行了髓内钉内固定术。术前对所有病人进行前瞻性随机分     

髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折扩髓与不扩髓的比较研究

目的探讨非扩髓钉是否比扩髓钉操作简单、迅速、安全。方法用前瞻性随机研究方法将100例单纯股骨干骨折随机分为扩髓组与非扩髓组,比较二组的手术时间、失血量、手术中意外情况的发生。结果扩髓组37例手术时间138min,失血量278ml,6例术中发生意外情况。非扩髓组63例,手术时间108min(P=0．012),失血量186ml(P=0．034)。17例术中发生意外情况,2例需二次手术。结论非扩髓钉操作步骤少,手术时间及失血量少于扩髓组,但非扩髓组手术中意外情况发生较多,虽然统计学差异不显著。     

扩髓更换交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干术后肥大型骨不连

目的 分析扩髓后更换交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干术后肥大型骨不连的效果.方法 对于35例肥大型股骨干骨不连患者行扩髓后更换交锁髓内钉治疗,术中无需植骨,不暴露骨折断端,术后不行外固定,早期活动关节.结果 术后随访7～24个月,平均13个月.35例术后均无伤口感染,主钉及锁钉均无断裂或折弯.骨折均愈合,愈合时间14～30周(平均20周),未出现明显手术并发症.结论 扩髓后更换交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干术后骨不连操作简便,效果确切.     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.