酒精性肝病患者血清叶酸与红细胞体积分布图变化的关系

目的　探讨酒精性肝病 (Alcoholicliverdisease ,ALD)患者红细胞体积分布图 (HistogramofRBCvolumedistribution ,HRD)变化与血清叶酸 (Folicacid ,FA)的关系。方法　采用血细胞分析仪检测红细胞平均体积 (Meancorpuscularvolume ,MCV) ,红细胞平均血红蛋白质量 (Meancorpuscularhemoglobin ,MCH)及红细胞体积分布宽度 (Redbloodcelldistribntionwidth ,RDW ) ;应用化学发光仪测定血清叶酸水平。对 5 0例酗酒患者治疗前后上述值变化与 5 0例不嗜酒健康体检者进行比较 ,统计学分析采用t检验。结果　ALD组HRD显示MCV、MCH升高 ,RDW正常 ,血清FA下降或处于正常下限 ,与对照组相比有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ;ALD组经戒酒及A、VitB12 治疗后 ,上述指标均有不同程度改善 ,与治疗前相比有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　HRD与血清FA检测可作为ALD诊断最为简便有效的方法之一 ,在治疗ALD时补充FA与VitB12 有利于疾病的恢复。     

酒精性肝病 90例临床分析

目的:分析酒精性肝病患者发病情况及临床特点。方法:根据门诊及住院患者的饮酒量、饮酒时间、临床表现、肝功能检查、影像学检查、相应并发症、治疗等临床资料,进行分析和讨论。结果:酒精性肝病发病有增多趋势,长期饮酒史和AST/ALT、GGT、TBiL对酒精性肝炎的诊断有重要意义。A/G比值随疾病进展而降低。慢性病毒性肝炎的饮酒者预后差,死亡的主要原因是肝硬化的晚期并发症。结论:酒精性肝病病情和预后与长期饮酒史(包括饮酒量、饮酒时间)有关。对于有饮酒嗜好的病人,应对其进行健康教育劝其戒酒,并定期监测AST/ALT、GGT、TBiL等生化指标,及早进行治疗,改善预后。     

MCV、RDW及血小板4项参数在肝病诊断价值中的评价

目的 探讨肝病患者红细胞平均体积（MCV）、红细胞体积分布宽度（RDW）、血小板的4项参数变化与病情的关系。方法 应用ABBOTT公司生产的CD－1600全自动血细胞分析仪检测181例肝病患者和100例健康者为对照组。结果 （1）肝硬化组、慢乙肝组、急性肝炎组MCV、RDW、MPV均显著高于对照组（P＜0．01），PLT、PDW、PCT均显著低于对照组（P＜0．01）；（2）MCV、RDW、MPV之间成正相关关系，PLT、PDW、PCT之间亦成正相关关系，MCV、RDW、MPV与PLT、PDW、PCT之间成负相关关系。结论 （1）MCV、RDW可以反映肝病病情的轻重和肝功能损害程度；（2）血小板4项参数测定为肝病患者血小板功能的初步评价提供了简便、快速、可靠的方法。     

酒精性肝病患者同型半胱氨酸与叶酸水平观察

目的探讨酒精性肝病(ALD)患者血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)与叶酸浓度变化及二者与ALD的关系。方法选择轻型酒精性肝病60例,酒精性脂肪肝64例,酒精性肝炎42例,酒精性肝硬化40例,健康人群55例,并测定血浆中Hcy和叶酸含量。结果各酒精性肝病组Hcy和叶酸水平均高于对照组(P<0.05);各酒精性肝病组治疗后Hcy和叶酸水平均低于治疗前(P<0.05);酒精性肝硬化组治疗后Hcy和叶酸水平高于对照组(P<0.05);对照组,轻型酒精性肝病组,酒精性脂肪肝组和酒精性肝炎组Hcy和叶酸存在相关性(r=0.513,P<0.001;r=0.513,P<0.001;r=0.513,P<0.001;r=0.513,P<0.001),但酒精性肝硬化组二者间无相关性(r=0.201,P>0.05)。结论酒精性肝病Hcy和叶酸水平变化可反映肝功能损害程度,对ALD的治疗与预后判断有一定临床意义。     

Autoantibodies, sheep cell agglutinins and anti-albumin antibodies in alcoholic liver disease

The frequency of serum autoantibodies including anti-albumin antibodies was investigated for patients with various categories of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). The 95 patients were grouped into 3 categories: fatty liver (25 cases), alcoholic hepatitis (29 cases), and alcoholic cirrhosis (41 cases), and each group was matched with healthy controls by age, sex, ethnic origin and socio-economic status. For all patients with ALD, there was a 5-fold greater frequency over the controls of positive tests for antinuclear antibody (ANA), but titres were low; the pattern of ANA reactions was speckled in 50% of the cases. For patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, there was an 8-fold increase in frequency over the controls in anti-smooth muscle antibody (ASMA), but titres were low, pointing to a possibility that autoimmunity might be one of several determinants of progression of alcoholic hepatitis to cirrhosis. For none of the groups was there an increase over the controls in the mean titre of sheep red cell agglutinins, nor were there increased haemagglutinin titres of antibody to bovine serum albumin or to human albumin, arguing against a general increase in antibody production in ALD. Greater knowledge of the frequency, significance and pathogenicity of reactive autoantibodies which occur in response to various types of tissue damage is required for interpretation of the increase in ANA and ASMA in alcoholic liver disease.     

缺糖基转铁蛋白在酒精性肝病中的诊断价值

目的研究酒精性肝病（ALD）患者血清中缺糖基转铁蛋白百分含量（%CDT）,并与肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶（GGT）、红细胞平均体积（MCV）、平均血红蛋白浓度（MCHC）、红细胞平均血红蛋白含量（MCH）进行比较,评价其对ALD的诊断价值。方法选择ALD患者43例,分为酒精性脂肪肝组、酒精性肝炎组、酒精性肝纤维化组、酒精性肝硬化组共4组。非酒精性肝病患者（NALD组）39例,对照组40例,运用免疫散射比浊法测定%CDT;ELISA法测定TNF-α;速率法测定ALT、AST、GGT;全自动血细胞分析仪测定MCV、MCHC、MCH。结果 4组的%CDT、TNF-α、GGT、MCV、MCHC、MCH明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）;4组的%CDT、TNF-α、GGT、MCV、MCHC、MCH明显高于NAFLD组,ALT、AST明显低于NAFLD组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。NAFLD组TNF-α、GGT、ALT、AST、MCV明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。%CDT诊断ALD的敏感度为86.0%,特异度为90.0%。TNF-α诊断ALD的敏感度为76.7%,特异度为80%。%CDT、TNF-α和GGT联合检测在ALD组诊断敏感度提高为95.3%,特异度为97.5%。结论 %CDT在诊断ALD中具有重要的作用,其价值优于TNF-α、ALT、AST、GGT、MCV、MCHC、MCH。联合检测%CDT、TNF-α和GGT,对ALD的诊断及临床治疗具有重要的意义。     

Alcohol-induced generation of lipid peroxidation products in humans

To address the hypothesis that elevated blood alcohol increases systemic oxidant stress, we measured urinary excretion of isoprostanes (iPs), free radical-catalyzed products of arachidonic acid. Ten healthy volunteers received acute doses of alcohol (Everclear-R) or placebo under randomized, controlled, double-blind conditions. Urinary iPF2a-III increased in a time- and dosage-dependent manner after dosing with alcohol, with the peak urinary iPF2a-III excretion correlating with the rise in blood alcohol. To determine whether oxidant stress was associated with alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD), we then studied the excretion of iP in individuals with a documented history of alcohol-induced hepatitis or alcohol-induced chronic liver disease (AC). Both urinary iPF2a-III and urinary iPF2a-VI were markedly increased in patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis. In general, urinary iPF2a-III was significantly elevated in cirrhotic patients, relative to controls, but excretion was more pronounced when cirrhosis was induced by alcohol than by hepatitis C. Excretion of iPF2a-VI, as well as 4-hydroxynonenal and the iPF2a-III metabolite, 2,3-dinor-5, 6-dihydro-iPF2a-III, was also increased in AC. Vitamin C, but not aspirin, reduced urinary iPs in AC. Thus, vasoactive iPs, which serve as indices of oxidant stress, are elevated in the urine in both acute and chronic ALD. Increased generation of iPs by alcohol in healthy volunteers is consistent with the hypothesis that oxidant stress precedes and contributes to the evolution of ALD.     

Conventional and new laboratory parameters in the evaluation of hematologic disease

Laboratory investigation plays a crucial role in the workup of hematological disease. The well established method of morphological analysis of blood components has been continuously complemented by other methods. On one hand, these consist of considerable improvements of methods employed for automated cell enumeration allowing for early and accurate detection of cell subpopulations, and quantification of valuable red cell parameters, which are of use in the differential diagnosis of anemia. On the other hand, several parameters for the differentiation of microcytic anemia have become available often allowing for the sometimes difficult diagnosis of anemia of chronic disease, iron deficiency anemia, or thalassemia (ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, transferrin saturation, RDW, zinc protoporphyrin, as well as reticulocyte indices CHr, Ret-Y Hypo%). In macrocytic anemia, introduction of methods to measure methylmalonic acid (MMA), homocystein, holotranscobalamin (holo-TC), complement the determinations of vitamin concentrations (vitamin B12, folic acid in serum and erythrocytes). Employing these newer parameters in addition to the well established ones allows for detection of early or combined disease. The clinician has to know the diagnostic characteristics not only of the old but also of the newer parameters.     

Erythrocyte and leukocyte lipids in alcoholic macrocytosis

Erythrocytes and leukocytes were obtained from patients with alcoholic macrocytosis and their lipid composition compared with those from normal subjects. The patients had normal plasma cholesterol and fasting triglyceride levels with mild and fully compensated liver disease. There was no difference in the lipid composition of leukocytes from alcoholics compared with controls. Erythrocytes from patients with alcoholic macrocytosis had increased cholesterol content. The increased cholesterol content correlated with the MCV but there was no correlation between plasma and erythrocyte cholesterol. There was a decrease in erythrocyte phosphatidylethanolamine in alcoholic macrocytosis. There was no change in the fatty acid composition of the phospholipid fraction but there was an increase in the amount of linoleic acid in phosphatidylethanolamine. The double bond index, non-essential-to-essential fatty acid ratio and double bond index to saturated fatty acid ratio for the erythrocyte phospholipids were unchanged in alcoholic macrocytosis. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of erythrocyte membrane proteins from patients with alcoholic macrocytosis and control subjects showed no significant differences.     

乙型肝炎后肝硬化并发缺铁性贫血患者的血液检验结果分析

目的对乙型肝炎后肝硬化并发缺铁性贫血(IDA)患者的血液进行检测分析。方法选取2013年12月至2015年5月在该院进行治疗的100例乙型肝炎后肝硬化并发IDA和乙型肝炎后肝硬化并发非缺铁性贫血(NIDA)患者,根据是否并发IDA分为观察组(50例)和对照组(50例),对两组患者进行肝功能、血常规、肝硬化患者止凝血试验和血小板参数测定,并比较分析。结果观察组在治疗后清蛋白、胆红素、胆汁酸、碱性磷酸酶水平与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组的丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、γ-谷氨酰基转移酶(GGT)明显高于对照组,且差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者的血红蛋白、血清铁蛋白(SF)、红细胞平均体积(MCV)、红细胞平均血红蛋白量(MCH)均低于对照组,叶酸(FA)水平高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);红细胞计数(RBC)与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组凝血酶原时间(PT)、国际标准化比值(INR)、活化部分凝血酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);纤维蛋白原(FIB)、血小板数(PLT)均明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者血小板分布宽度(PDW)水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对乙型肝炎后肝硬化并发IDA的患者进行血液检测,对评估肝脏的损坏程度及疾病的诊断具有重大意义,值得在今后的临床中应用。     

慢性乙型肝炎合并酒精性肝病患者血清瘦素测定的临床价值

目的测定慢性乙型肝炎合并酒精性肝病患者血清瘦素水平，并探讨与胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法选择慢性乙型肝炎合并酒精性肝病患者17例，肝硬化15例，慢性乙型肝炎19例与12例男性健康受试者为对照组，各组间在性别、年龄和体质量指数（BMI）均相匹配。采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）测定血清瘦素，同时测定血糖、血脂、胰岛素和肝肾功能等指标，并测量身高、体质量，计算BMI。并进行结果分析。结果慢性乙型肝炎合并酒精性肝病、肝硬化组血清瘦素水平高于对照组（P〈0．05），慢性乙型肝炎组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），慢性乙型肝炎合并酒精性肝病组瘦素水平与BMI、FINS呈显著正相关（r值分别为0．169，0．267，P〈0．05）；瘦素与三酰甘油里明显负相关（r值为-0．249，P〈0．05）。结论慢性乙型肝炎合并酒精性肝病患者血清瘦素水平明显增高，与高胰岛素血症和胰岛素抵抗存在相关性，瘦素表达不能评价肝病严重程度。     

肝硬化患者红细胞及血小板相关参数测定及临床意义

目的 探讨肝硬化患者红细胞平均体积（MCV）、红细胞体积分布宽度（RDW）及血小板参数变化与病情关系的临床意义。方法 应用NIHONKOHDEN-6138K型全自动血液分析仪,检测43例肝硬化患者平均红细胞体积（MCV）、红细胞体积分布宽度（RDW）、血小板计数（PLT）、平均血小板体积（MPV）、血小板压积（PCT）及血小板分布宽度（PDW）。结果 （1）肝硬化患者MCV、RDW、PDW显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）,PLT、MPV、PCT显著低于对照组（P〈0．01）。（2）MCV、RDW之间呈正相关,PLT、MPV与PCT呈正相关,PLT、MPV与PDW呈负相关。结论 肝硬化患者MCV、RDW及血小板参数的测定,对初步评估肝硬化患者肝功能损害程度和判断有无出血倾向具有重要意义。     

慢性病贫血病人的多项指标评价

目的探讨细胞形态学及血清学的多项指标对慢性病贫血(ACD)评价的临床意义。方法用STKS血细胞分析仪检测外周血红细胞参数,化学发光免疫测定法测定血清铁蛋白、叶酸及维生素B12,骨髓常规计数粒红比例及骨髓幼红细胞数。并以缺铁性贫血、巨幼细胞性贫血、溶血性贫血及难治性贫血为对照。结果ACD的MCH、MCV,MCHC与其它各组贫血(除HA外)比较均有显著性差异;ACD的RDW在治疗前后的结果变化小;ACD的骨髓粒红比例较高,总幼红细胞值较其它各组低;ACD的铁蛋白明显高于IDA组(P<0.01),其血清叶酸和维生素B12的检测无明显临床价值。结论多项指标的评价对ACD的诊断和鉴别诊断及其发病机理的探讨有一定的参考价值。     

自身免疫性肝病患者肝纤维化血清标志物检测的意义

目的 探讨血清透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、Ⅳ型胶原(CⅣ)和层粘连蛋白(LN)对自身免疫性肝病(ALD)患者肝纤维化诊断及鉴别的意义.方法 采用增强化学发光免疫分析法对37例原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)患者、25例自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)患者、33例肝硬化患者、37例病毒性肝炎患者及20例健康体检者血清HA、PCⅢ、CⅣ、LN进行检测,并对部分患者在治疗6个月后再次检测上述指标,同时和部分肝功能指标进行相关性分析.结果 ALD患者4项肝纤维化指标均高于健康对照组(均P<0.05);AIH组4项指标均高于病毒性肝炎组(均P<0.01),ROC曲线下面积分别为0.823、0.849、0.824和0.830; PBC组CⅣ和LN低于肝硬化组(P<0.05);两组ALD患者在经治疗6个月后,上述指标均明显下降(均P<0.05).结论 肝纤维化血清标志物HA、PCⅢ、CⅣ和LN对于ALD患者肝纤维化的诊断及和病毒性肝炎的鉴别具有一定价值,并能间接反映肝脏炎症的情况.     

Total fasting serum bile acids and beta-hexosaminidase in alcoholic liver disease

Total serum bile acid levels and beta-hexosaminidase activity were studied in 22 normal subjects, 35 non-cirrhotic patients with acute alcohol intoxication, 45 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and 11 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and surgical portal-systemic shunts. Comparison was made with traditional liver function tests. beta-Hexosaminidase was most frequently elevated in acute alcohol intoxication (94%) while total serum bile acids were elevated in all patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Total serum bile acid levels were found to discriminate most efficiently between acute alcohol intoxication and liver cirrhosis. The combined determination of serum beta-hexosaminidase and total serum bile acids is proposed for evaluating alcoholic liver disease.     

MCV/RDW结合网织红细胞参数在诊断贫血中的价值探讨

目的　观察各种疾病中度贫血患者平均红细胞体积 (MCV)、红细胞体积分布宽度(RDW )和网织红细胞 (RET)参数的指标变化。方法　采用Advia 12 0血细胞分析仪检测 2 0 0例各种疾病中度贫血患者MCV、RDW和RET参数 ,将所得数据进行统计学处理。结果　与正常对照组比较 ,急性白血病、大出血和血栓性血小板减少性紫癜贫血组MCV和RDW明显升高 ;在缺铁性贫血组RDW升高 ,但MCV降低 ;RET %除急性白血病和再障贫血组外 ,其余均偏高 ,中荧光强度网织红细胞 (MFR % )和高荧光强度网织红细胞 (HFR % )在各组贫血患者均显著升高。结论　MCV/RDW贫血分类法结合网织红细胞参数指标 ,不仅有助于贫血的病因分析 ,而且也是观察贫血疗效的一个可靠指标     

酒精性肝病的实验室诊断的临床研究

目的研究实验室诊断在酒精性肝病的诊断中临床应用价值。方法通过测定健康者、酒精性肝病患者、非酒精性肝病（甲肝、乙肝、肝硬化、肝癌）患者发病期（ALT≥65U／L）及治疗后（ALT≤65U／L）血液中天冬氨酸转氨酶同工酶（m-AST）、纤维结合蛋白（Fn）、γ-谷氨酰转移酶（r-GT）的变化进行分析。结果m-AST在ALD组和NALD组中的阳性检出率分别为75％与46％（P〈0．05）,Fn在ALD组和NALD组中的阳性检出率57％与60％（P〉0．05）,γ-GT在ALD组及NALD组中阳性检出率90％与88％（P〉0．05）;in-Asr在ALD组19．3±10．3U／L与对照组t检验P〈0．05与NALD组t检验P〈0．05;Fn在ALD组335。6±59．5mg／L与对照组t检验P〈0．05与NALD组t检验P〉0。05;r-GT在ALD组67．5±54．4U／L与对照组t检验P〈0．05与NALD组t检验P〉0．05;AID组治疗前后m-AST、Fn下降较为明显,经t检验P〈0．05说明治疗前后m-AST、Fn的结果有显著性差异。结论血清m-AST活性测定对有无活动性酒精性肝病有诊断和鉴别、及疗效有诊断价值;Fn的测定对早期判断酒精性肝病以及治疗疗效有一定价值,是判断病情严重程度、预后的良好指标;r-GT酶诊断酒精性损伤的敏感性甚高但γ-GT增高的特异性不高。     

Anemia in cirrhosis: An underestimated entity

Anemia in a patient with cirrhosis is a clinically pertinent but often overlooked clinical entity. Relevant guidelines highlight the algorithmic approach of managing a patient of cirrhosis presenting with acute variceal hemorrhage but day-to-day management in hospital and out-patient raises multiple dilemmas: Whether anemia is a disease complication or a part of the disease spectrum? Should iron, folic acid, and vitamin B complex supplementation and nutritional advice, suffice in those who can perform tasks of daily living but have persistently low hemoglobin. How does one investigate and manage anemia due to multifactorial etiologies in the same patient: Acute or chronic blood loss because of portal hypertension and bone marrow aplasia secondary to hepatitis B or C viremia? To add to the clinician’s woes the prevalence of anemia increases with increasing disease severity. We thus aim to critically analyze the various pathophysiological mechanisms complicating anemia in a patient with cirrhosis with an emphasis on the diagnostic flowchart in such patients and proposed management protocols thereafter.     

1-14C]Ethanol breath test in alcoholic liver disease

The activity of ethanol metabolising enzymes was assessed in 51 patients with alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver disease using tracer doses of [1-14C]ethanol and measuring 14CO2 excretion in the breath. Alcoholic patients with only fatty infiltration of the liver showed significantly increased activity compared with controls. Comparing alcoholic patients with cirrhosis and a serum albumin greater than 28 g/l, activity in those with a recent history of continued heavy drinking was significantly greater than in patients who had abstained from alcohol. In addition, both groups of alcoholic cirrhosis showed significantly more activity than patients with non-alcoholic cirrhosis. The activities of patients with acute alcoholic or viral hepatitis were normal when their prothrombin times were less than 7 sec prolonged, but were reduced when prolongation exceeded 7 sec. These results demonstrate that in chronic alcoholic liver disease, even with cirrhosis, alcohol can still increase the activity of ethanol oxidising enzymes provided hepatic function remains adequate. However, this response is lost in acute liver damage and in chronic alcoholic disease with severe hepatic dysfunction.     

红细胞参数在贫血鉴别诊断中的价值

目的:探讨红细胞参数(RBC HB MCV MCH MCHC RDW)对几种贫血鉴别诊断的临床价值。材料与方法:用Sysmex XE-2100全自动血细胞分析仪测定189例不同疾病导致的贫血患者和100例健康成人血细胞进行检测分析,并对红细胞参数中RBC、HB、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(MCH)、红细胞平均体积(MCV)、红细胞体积分布宽度(RDW)等指标进行比较。结果:缺铁性贫血患者HB、RBC、MCV、MCH低于健康对照组,RDW显著增高;骨髓增生异常综合征、巨幼细胞贫血和溶血性贫血患者HB、RBC低于对照组,而MCV、MCH、RDW明显高于对照组;再生障碍性贫血、慢性肾病、慢性肝病和急性失血患者HB、RBC低于对照组,其余指标与健康对照组比较均无统计学差异。结论:上述几型贫血患者,红细胞参数均有不同改变,红细胞参数的检测有助于贫血类型的鉴别诊断,具有重要的临床价值。