原发性肺腺癌及其外科疗效

１９８３年６月至１９９１年１２月，手术治疗原发性肺腺癌１１５例，占同期肺癌手术２７．３％。术后１、３、５年生存率分别为６７．０％、３５．４％、２１．８％，无手术死亡，本病发生率日趋上升，误诊率高达６７．８％；根治性手术是重要治疗手段，但不能控制潜在性微转移灶。作者就其独特临床特点、影响疗效因素、Ｎ２淋巴结清除以及全身综合治疗等有关问题进行讨论。     

急性坏死性胰腺炎外科治疗20年经验总结

总结了１９７４年８月￣１９９４年１１月２４３例急性坏死性胰腺炎外科治疗的经验。按治疗观点及治疗方式分为三个阶段。第一阶段１９７４年８月￣１９８７年１２月为针对胰腺坏死作早期彻底切除坏死组织手术，辅以“三造瘘”、“创口敞开”、“局部灌洗”等措施。治愈率为６１．３％。第二阶段１９８８年１月￣１９９１年６月以坏死是否伴有感染为指征，对有感染者作手术治疗，治愈率６７．１％；对非感染者作保守治疗，治愈率８５     

23例肝脏小肝细胞癌的术后疗效分析

我院１９８５年１月至１９９４年２月，手术切除的２３例直径〈３ｃｍ小肝细胞癌，就其临床病理特点进行了分析。术后１年生存率为９１．３％，３年为７９．１％，５年为６７．８％，预后明显优于一般肝癌，本文对小肝细胞癌的生物学特性，肿瘤包膜以及血清甲胎蛋白浓度等进行了讨论。     

形状记忆合金网状支架治疗前列腺增生症

１９９３年８月～１９９４年８月利用镍钛形状记忆合金网状支架和自行研制的置入器治疗高危前列腺增生症６７例。其中６１例一次治疗成功，５６例（９１．８／）术后立即自行排尿，５例术后１～１２周内恢复自主排尿，总有效率９１．０４％（６１／６７）。２４例随访３个月以上，前列腺症状积分（Ｉ－ＰＳＳ）从术前２８．７９±３．７９减少到８．９２±３．５０（Ｐ＜０．００１），最大尿流率从术前１．８７±２．８１增加到１０．１７±１．２５ｍ１／ｓ（Ｐ＜０．００１），有显著性差异。本研究表明镍钛形状记忆合金网状支架治疗前列腺增生症安全、有效，近期疗效满意，中远期疗效正在观察研究中。     

肺转移瘤的外科治疗

报告３７例肺转移瘤的外科治疗，６７．５％的病人无症状，均在原发瘤术后随诊作Ｘ线胸片或胸透时发现，部分病人有咳嗽，咯血，胸闷和胸痛。本组手术死亡率５．４％，住院死亡率２．７％，术后１、３、５和７年生存率分别为９１．８％，４３．３％，３６．８％和２１．４％，讨论了肺转移瘤的诊断，治疗及预后，作者认为对肺转移瘤外科治疗应持积极态度。     

手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症并腰椎管狭窄

我科自１９９１年５月～１９９６年１０月,手术治疗症状重、保守治疗无效的腰椎间盘突出症１１８例,其中手术证实并腰椎管狭窄４７例,优良率９３．６％,分析如下。临床资料本组男３１例,女１６例;年龄２６～６７岁。病程３月～８年。一侧下肢痛伴小腿外侧酸胀,麻木...     

前列腺癌130例治疗分析

为了提高前列腺癌的治疗效果，从１９８９年１月至１９９５年５月，分别采用去势治疗和根治手术治疗前列腺癌１０７例和２３例，观察随访２～７８个月，平均３１５个月，随访率７３８％。根治术组的１、２、３、５年生存率分别为７１４％、６６７％、５００％和３３３％，去势组则分别为６７９％、５１２％、２９７％和１０８％。两组死亡病例的生存期平均为１７４和２６０个月，但根治术组的病例生存质量较差。结果认为：根治手术提高了生存率，但一定程度降低了生存质量。主张对于Ａ期患者，采用前列腺包膜内切除，分化差的小肿瘤及时行根治手术；Ｂ期患者，只要患者条件允许，根治最为适宜；Ｃ１期患者，预期寿命长，亦可采用根治术；Ｃ２期和Ｄ期患者仅适用去势治疗。     

皮下埋入式多功能化疗泵肝动脉门静脉双灌注治疗晚期肝癌

作者自１９９１年５月至１９９２年８月经皮下埋入式多功能化疗泵，肝动脉、门静脉阿霉素、丝裂霉素双灌注治疗合并门静脉癌栓的晚期肝癌１９例、本文详述了置管的方法和治疗结果。本组１９例中６例癌栓消失，１０例近期（３个月内）肿瘤缩小；１４例肿瘤缩小，中位缩小率６７．１％，部分缓解率５８．８％；１１例生存期超过６个月。该法为合并门静脉癌栓的晚期肝癌提供了有价值的治疗方法。     

原发性肝细胞癌侵入肝胆管的外科治疗

目的 探讨原发性肝细胞癌侵入肝胆管引起阻塞性黄疸的外科治疗效果．方法 ２３例病人均接受外科手术治疗，单纯胆管癌栓清除＋Ｔ管引流１０例；胆管癌栓清除＋肿瘤切除１０例，其中左半肝切除８例，右半肝切除１例，右肝不规则切除４例。结果 手术死亡３例，存活３￣６个月３例，半年￣１年４例占１７．４％，１年￣２年８例占３４．８％，２年￣３年４例占１７．４％，单纯胆管癌栓清除平均存活时间６．５个月，肝叶切除１７．３     

皮下埋入式多功能化疗泵肝动脉门静脉双灌注治疗晚期肝癌

作者自１９９１年５月至１９９２年８月经皮下埋入式多功能化疗泵，肝动脉，门静脉阿霉素，丝裂霉素双灌注治疗合并门静脉癌栓的晚期肝癌１９例，本文详述了置管的方法和治疗结果。本组１９例中６例癌栓消失，１０例近期（３个月内）肿瘤缩小，１４例肿瘤缩小，中位缩小率６７．１％，部分缓解率５８．８％；１１例生存期超过６个月。该法为合并门静脉癌栓的晚期肝癌提供了有价值的治疗方法。     

Results of surgical treatment in bronchioloalveolar carcinoma

The study relates to patients with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma who had undergone operation. On reassessment of histological specimens, 92 patients were considered to have been suffering from bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma was further classified according to histological findings as typical or of mixed type. The latter included cases on which there was differentiation towards pulmonary adenocarcinoma. A third group consisted of 32 cases of peripheral pulmonary adenocarcinoma originally diagnosed as bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. Pulmonary tuberculosis was found to have occurred oftener in bronchioloalveolar carcinoma cases than in mixed bronchioloalveolar cases (p less than 0.005). A history of pneumonia was commoner in mixed bronchioloalveolar and adenocarcinoma patients than in bronchioloalveolar patients (p less than 0.05). Lobectomy or more conservative resection had been possible in the majority of cases. There had been no surgical or hospital mortality. No differences existed between the groups as regards surgical treatment, postoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Local recurrence was commoner in bronchioloalveolar patients than in mixed bronchioloalveolar patients (p less than 0.001) or adenocarcinoma patients (p less than 0.025). Mixed bronchioloalveolar and adenocarcinoma patients had distant metastases oftener than bronchioloalveolar patients (p less than 0.025 and p less than 0.001). Adenocarcinoma patients also had more metastases than mixed bronchioloalveolar patients, but the difference was not statistically significant. Most metastases (82%) were discovered within three years of operation. The incidence of local recurrences increased from three years after operation. The five-year survival rate was 57% in the bronchioloalveolar group, 45% in the mixed bronchioloalveolar group and 17% in the adenocarcinoma group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Clinical assessment of hemodynamic values in two surgical intensive care units. Effects on therapy

A prospective study of 126 surgical patients from two institutions was undertaken to assess the impact of pulmonary artery catheterization in surgical intensive care units. Before catheterization, surgical residents were asked to predict pulmonary artery wedge pressure, cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, and plan of therapy. After catheterization, each chart was reviewed by a panel of intensive care specialists and a general surgeon. Correct classification for the hemodynamic variables ranged from 47% to 55%. Catheterization results prompted a major change in therapy in 50% of patients. The data suggest that hemodynamic variables obtained from pulmonary artery catheterization improve the accuracy of bedside evaluation and lead to alteration in therapy, particularly in patients whose pulmonary artery wedge pressure predictions were poor.     

Surgical treatment of pulmonary aspergillosis/mycosis in immunocompromised patients

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a severe complication in immunosuppressed patients. Surgical resection can be curative in certain patients after antifungal treatment. Over a 7-year period, ten patients with suspected invasive pulmonary aspergillosis of two university hospitals were retrospectively reviewed. A literature review was undertaken. Patient's age was 48.1 years (mean); the cause of immunosuppression was a hematological disease with consecutive therapy in seven patients and chronically corticoid therapy in three patients. After an antifungal therapy, surgical resection was performed with lobectomy/segmentectomy in 60% and with wedge-resection in 40%. Postoperative course were uneventful in seven patients, two patients died due to infectional circumstances, and one patient was reoperated because of empyema. The underlying disease marked long-term follow-up. Resection of focal pulmonary invasive aspergillosis can be curative. Clinical circumstances and dissemination must be taken into consideration to indicate surgery. To point out the best pathway randomised prospective studies are necessary.     

Pulmonary resection for metastatic breast cancer.

Thirty-three patients treated primarily with surgical excision of pulmonary metastases from breast cancer were compared with 30 patients treated primarily with systemic chemohormonal therapy. Treatment for patients in the surgical group included pulmonary resection alone in 20, resection plus adjuvant systemic therapy in nine, and resection plus adjuvant radiation therapy in four. Treatment for patients in the medical group included systemic therapy alone in 22 and systemic therapy plus local radiation therapy in eight. Mean survival in the surgical group was significantly longer than that in the medical group, even when only those patients who manifested single pulmonary nodules were compared (58 months vs 34 months). The overall 5-year survival rate after treatment of lung metastasis was significantly greater for the surgical group than for the medical group (36% vs 11%). The results of this study indicate that surgical resection should be considered in patients with breast cancer who develop operable pulmonary metastases without evidence for concomitant extrapulmonary disease. In selected patients, such therapy may result in a survival benefit.     

肺转移瘤的外科治疗（附40例报告）

报告外科治疗肺转移瘤４０例，其中肉瘤肺转移１３例，癌肺转移２７例，无手术死亡。术后１、３、５、７和１０年生存率分别为８９．５％、３８．９％、２８．６％、１６．６％和７．６％。肉瘤和癌肺转移瘤切除后５年生存率分别为２５．０％和３１．３％。作者对手术适应证、手术方法和影响预后的因素进行了讨论。主张对肺转移瘤不论是孤立性或单侧多发性，还是双侧肺转移瘤均应积极争取外科治疗。在临床上估计可以切除且及早切除肺转移瘤可能获得较好治疗效果时，就不必去考虑转移瘤的倍增时间（ＴＤＴ）和无瘤间期（ＤＦＩ）。     

Surgical treatment of small bowel cancer: A 20-year single institution experience

Small bowel malignancies are rare. The aims of this study were to evaluate the outcomes associated with surgical therapy for small bowel cancers and to define prognostic factors. The medical records of 96 consecutive patients with primary small bowel cancer (excluding lymphoma) treated at our institution over a 20 year period were reviewed. Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method (mean follow-up period 57 months). Mean patient age was 56 years, and 58% of patients were male. Sixty percent of patients had an adenocarcinoma, 21% had a sarcoma, and 19% had a carcinoid tumor. The percentages of patients who underwent complete (curative) resection were 51%, 90%, and 50% for those with adenocarcinoma, sarcoma, and carcinoid tumor, respectively. For patients with adenocarcinoma who underwent curative resection, tumor (T) and node (N) stages were significant prognostic factors predicting overall survival. For patients with sarcomas who underwent curative resection, tumor grade was a significant prognostic factor predicting overall survival. The prognosis for patients with small intestinal carcinoid tumors is uniformly favorable. The prognosis for patients with sarcomas and adenocarcinomas is generally poor, although long-term survival is achieved by patients with favorable prognostic factors. Presented at the Society of Surgical Oncology Fifty-Sixth Annual Cancer Symposium, Los Angels, California, March 5–9, 2003.     

手术入路对食管胃结合部腺癌生存预后的影响

目的:评价经胸入路与经腹入路手术治疗SiewertⅡ/Ⅲ型食管胃结合部腺癌的临床疗效.方法:回顾分析2004年1月至2014年11月手术治疗的168例SiewertⅡ/Ⅲ型胃食管结合部腺癌患者的临床资料,对其人群特征、手术并发症、总生存率及生存预后的影响因素进行分析.结果:两组临床资料具有可比性,经胸入路组较经腹入路组...     

Surgical treatments for multiple primary adenocarcinoma of the lung

Background

The aim of this study was to identify the clinical characteristics of multiple primary adenocarcinomas and to evaluate the efficacy of surgical treatments.

Methods

Three-hundred sixty-nine patients who underwent pulmonary resection for adenocarcinoma from January 1994 to December 2002 were reviewed.

Results

Thirty-one patients (8.4%) were determined to have multiple primary adenocarcinomas that could be detected on chest x-rays or computed tomography (CT). Twenty-six patients were synchronous and five patients were metachronous with a median interval of 59.0 months. Forty-nine (72.1%) of the total 68 lesions exhibited ground-glass opacity on high-resolution CT (HRCT). Pathologically well-differentiated adenocarcinoma with mixed bronchioloalveolar pattern was the most common subtype (39.7%). Taking into consideration pulmonary function, size, location, and HRCT findings of the lesions the procedures performed were lobectomy with mediastinal lymph-node dissection for 32 patients, segmentectomy with hilar node dissection for 8 patients, and wedge resection for 28 patients. Of 17 patients with bilateral synchronous cancers, simultaneous bilateral pulmonary resection was performed in 14 patients including simultaneous bilateral video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) in 11 patients. After a median follow-up period of 27.7 months, the 3-year overall survival rate was 92.9% and the 3-year disease-free survival rates of synchronous cancer and metachronous cancer were 77.9% and 100%, respectively.

Conclusions

The incidence of multiple primary adenocarcinomas was relatively common. Early radiographic detection and surgical excision could yield a favorable prognosis. The use of VATS, even for synchronous bilateral patients, was a safe and beneficial procedure.     

子宫内膜癌术后激素替代治疗对肿瘤预后的影响——一项小样本的配对研究

目的探讨子宫内膜癌术后激素替代治疗（HRT）对肿瘤预后的影响。方法收集1983年1月至2005年12月期间,北京协和医院收治的年龄小于50岁、手术绝经的子宫内膜癌患者76例,按照患者的年龄段、接受治疗年限,以1：2匹配研究组和对照组。共收集到术后行HRT的患者17例,设为研究组。匹配未接受HRT的患者34例,设为对照组。对上述51例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析和统计学检验。结果研究组1例复发（5．9％）,对照组4例复发（11．8％）,两组间差异无统计学意义（P=0．654）。病例组无瘤缓解期（64．00±33．20）月,对照组（49．38±36．97）月,两组间差异无统计学意义（P=0．346）。多因素Cox回归模型分析,HRT不是患者术后复发的独立危险因素（P=0．338）。结论对于Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌患者术后行HRT未增加肿瘤的复发率。     

Prognostic Factors of Primary Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma: Univariate and Multivariate Analysis

Background Adenocarcinoma of the small bowel is relatively less common than malignancies of the esophagus, stomach, and colorectum. In small bowel adenocarcinoma, various prognostic factors influence the disease-free status and overall survival rates. Materials and Methods Eighty patients who were diagnosed with small bowel adenocarcinoma and treated at our institute between 1983 and 2003 were retrospectively reviewed. Results The patients included 40 men and 40 women with an age range of 15 to 93 years (median: 62 years). Only 51.3% of patients were accurately proved preoperatively to have a malignancy by endoscopic biopsy. Sixty patients underwent surgical treatment, and 45 of those patients had curative resection. The follow-up period ranged from 2.5 to 229.7 months, with a median of 9.1 months. The cumulative 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates for all patients (excluding 3 patients who died in the immediate postoperative period) were 43.6%, 22.8%, and 17.5%, respectively. The cumulative 1-, 3-, and 5-year disease-free survival rate for all 43 patients with curative resection (excluding 2 patients who died in the immediate postoperative period) was 54.9%, 30.5%, and 27.4%, respectively. Meanwhile, multivariate analysis with Cox proportional hazards analysis demonstrated that earlier tumor stages (stages I and II) and curative resection were two independent factors influencing favorable overall survival. Lymph node metastasis was the only independent factor predicting poor disease-free survival in patients undergoing curative resection. Conclusions Poor prognosis of small bowel adenocarcinoma may be related to a delay in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Curative resection is the aim of surgical treatment for small bowel adenocarcinoma. Lymph node metastasis at presentation of the disease predicts tumor recurrence and distant metastasis after curative surgical treatment.