六配位R2SnCl2（N—N）型新配合物的合成及其体外抑癌活性

从８０年代初起,有机锡化合物的抗癌活性日益受到重视,研究人员合成了大量的有机锡化合物,并对其进行了较全面的抗癌活性筛选〔１～３〕．吡唑衍生物具有抗菌〔４,５〕和杀虫作用〔６〕,其结构中有多个配位点,本文合成了两个新的吡唑衍生物（见图１）并用其作为双氮螯合配体来合成数个六配位Ｒ２ＳｎＣｌ２（Ｎ（Ｎ）型新配合物,并对它们的结构进行了表征,考察了它们对多种癌细胞的抑制作用,探讨了构效关系,结果表明这些六配位Ｒ２ＳｎＣｌ２（Ｎ（Ｎ）型新配合物主要对Ｐ３８８淋巴白血病有较强的抑制作用．配体的合成配体Ｉ〔Ｎ…     

双(β-羧乙基)锗氢氧化物的合成及其生物活性

β羧乙基锗倍半氧化物（Ｇｅ１３２）及其衍生物是一大类具有调节机体免疫和维持体内代谢平衡的单有机锗化合物〔１〕．为改善其亲油亲水匹配性能,提高其抗癌药效,设计合成了一类新型双有机取代锗氢氧化物〔２〕．本文报道了其中的双（β羧乙基）锗氢氧化物（简称...     

老年人脂肪肝与血清脂蛋白的临床分析

老年人脂肪肝与血清脂蛋白的临床分析山西省人民医院（０３００１２）郭兰华张兰印翟兰英韩桂兰血清脂蛋白（ａ）〔ｌｐ（ａ）〕浓度升高是冠心病及脑血管病的重要危险因素〔１〕，已被众所周知，而血清脂蛋白浓度升高与脂肪肝之间的关系有待于进一步探讨，现对太原地区１...     

小檗碱抑制谷氨酸引起的新生大鼠脑细胞 c-fos 表达及游离钙的升高

目的：研究小檗碱（Ｂｅｒ）对谷氨酸（Ｇｌｕ）引起的新生大鼠脑细胞ｃ－ｆｏｓ表达及游离钙（〔Ｃａ２＋〕ｉ）变化的影响。方法：斑点杂交及Ｆｕｒａ－２技术。结果：Ｇｌｕ能诱导分离的脑细胞ｃ－ｆｏｓ的一过性高表达及〔Ｃａ２＋〕ｉ的显著升高。Ｂｅｒ１０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１显著抑制Ｇｌｕ诱导的脑细胞ｃ－ｆｏｓ的高表达，而尼莫地平则没有明显作用。Ｂｅｒ１～１００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１能剂量依赖地抑制Ｇｌｕ引起的〔Ｃａ２＋〕ｉ升高。结论：Ｂｅｒ的这种降低脑细胞ｃ－ｆｏｓ基因表达及〔Ｃａ２＋〕ｉ水平的作用可能是其治疗脑缺血性疾病的机制之一。     

青年人血清中Lp（a）水平与双亲心血管疾病关系的研究

青年人血清中Ｌｐ（ａ）水平与双亲心血管疾病关系的研究０５００８１中国人民解放军第４６７医院贾艳岩赵满仓于芳北京武警总队医院王伟朱目前国内心脑血管疾病的发生率和死亡率均占据首位〔１〕。较多研究表明脂蛋白（ａ）〔Ｌｐ（ａ）〕是心血管疾病的独立的变化的重...     

苦参碱对犬急性心肌缺血室颤的影响

苦参碱对犬急性心肌缺血室颤的影响曾建新１曹宏宇李青（江西医学院第一附属医院心血管内科，南昌３３０００６）中国图书分类号Ｒ９７２．２；Ｒ９３１．７１；Ｒ２８４．１苦参碱（ｍａｔｒｉｎｅ，Ｍａ）是豆科槐属植物苦豆子的主要生物碱〔１〕，能防治乌头碱、肾上腺...     

NSP—805的合成及其抑制血小板聚集活性

报道具有强心活性的化合物４,５－二氢－５－甲基－６－〔４－〔（２－甲基－３－氧代－１－环戊烯基）氨基〕苯基〕－３（２Ｈ）－哒嗪酮（ＮＳＰ－８０５）的合成,并进行了体外血小板聚集抑制试验,发现它有很强的活性,ＩＣ５０为０．４３μｍｏｌ／Ｌ。     

氟桂嗪合成工艺的改进

氟桂嗪（Flunarizine）（Ⅰ）的化学名为（E）－1－〔双（对氟苯基）甲基〕－4－（3－苯基－2－丙烯基哌嗪二盐酸盐，属钙离子拮抗剂．临床上用于治疗和预防缺血性卒中、中枢和周围性眩晕、偏头痛和癫痫等疾病〔1，2〕．参考有关文献〔3～6〕对本品（Ⅰ）进行了合成研究．合成路线如下：4，4’－二氟苯甲醇（Ⅲ）的制备，文献〔3〕是采用锌粉为还原剂，收率只有52％，文献〔5〕采用异丙醇铝还原，收率较高（90％），但异丙醇铝尚须自制．参考文献〔4〕我们在聚乙二醇（PEG）－400催化下，用硼氢化钠为还原剂进行还原．该法操作简便，条件…     

1—（4—胺乙酰胺基）苄基四氢异喹啉类化合物的合成及其心血管活性

研究发现某些异喹啉类化合物具有较好的心血管活性，Ｎ胺乙酰基取代的苄基四氢异喹啉化合物对二氢吡啶（ＤＨＰ）受体有较好的亲和力〔１〕．据报道〔２〕化合物１（２乙胺基乙酰胺基３，４二甲氧基）苄基异喹啉具有较强的抗心律失常作用，毒性远低于利多卡因．...     

含有锗氧杂环的锗代α—氨基酸衍生物的合成及抗肿瘤活性

含有锗氧杂环的锗代α氨基酸衍生物的合成及抗肿瘤活性姜凤超１）康丽霞曾铭箴（同济医科大学药学院，武汉４３００３０）众所周知，有机锗倍半氧化物〔（ＧｅＲ）２Ｏ３〕所具有的广泛生物活性与其所具有的锗氧网状结构及Ｒ基团的性质有关〔１〕，但其活性及生物利用度...     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.