Bipedicle Orbicularis Oculi Flap in the Reconstruction of the Lower Eyelid Ectropion

Background Lower eyelid ectropion is conventionally reconstructed with a local flap or full-thickness skin graft. However, scar contracture and recurrence of ectropion often occur. This article describes an effective surgical technique for lower eyelid ectropion repair using a bipedicle orbicularis oculi muscle or myocutaneous flap from the upper eyelid. Methods This study prospectively analyzed collected data on the bipedicle orbicularis oculi muscle or myocutaneous flap from the upper eyelid in reconstruction of lower eyelid ectropion between 1995 and 2004. The flap was used in 12 eyelid procedures for the correction of lower eyelid ectropion, in 10 cases with traumatic ectropion, and in 1 case with bilateral congenital ectropion. In these cases, a strip of orbicularis oculi muscle or a myocutaneous flap from the upper eyelid with two pedicles attached in the medial and lateral canthus was advanced to the lower eyelid to suspend the eyelid and repair the skin defect. Results No problem of flap viability was encountered in any of the patients, and all healed well. Deformities were corrected, and evaluation showed satisfactory function and appearance during 0.5 to 6 years (average, 2 years) of follow-up evaluation. Eyelid malposition and bulkiness of the lower eyelid occurred in the early stages, but disappeared gradually about 3 months after the operation. There was no flap contraction, recurrent deformity, or significant donor site morbidity in the follow-up period. The incision scars were almost invisible. Conclusions The application of bipedicle orbicularis oculi muscle or a myocutaneous flap from the upper eyelid in reconstruction of lower eyelid ectropion is effective and reduces postoperative morbidity.     

颞侧眼轮匝肌蒂岛状皮瓣的临床应用

目的 探讨用颞侧眼轮匝肌蒂岛状皮瓣修复眼睑及鼻部皮肤软组织缺损的方法及效果.方法 设计以眼轮匝肌为蒂,以同侧颞区无毛发区为供区的皮瓣,移位并修复上下睑外翻及上下睑和鼻部肿瘤或瘢痕切除后、鼻外伤组织缺损共30例.皮瓣面积为1.0 cm×1.8 cm～2.5 cm×4.5 cm.结果 30例巾除5例早期皮瓣远端出现静脉淤血经保守治疗好转外,全部皮瓣均完全成活,随访3个月至1年,较少遗留瘢痕及继发畸形,功能及外观满意.结论 以眼轮匝肌为蒂的颞侧岛状皮瓣是修复眼睑及鼻部小面积缺损的良好手术材料,具有易于转移、血供可靠、愈合快及供区隐蔽等优点.     

眼轮匝肌蒂颞部皮瓣修复颜面部软组织缺损

目的探讨用眼轮匝肌蒂颞部岛状皮瓣修复颜面部、鼻部及下睑小面积软组织缺损的方法及效果.方法1994年～1999年设计以眼轮匝肌为蒂,以同侧颞区无毛发区为供区,皮瓣最大范围3cm×5cm.皮瓣带蒂岛状移位至颜面部创面,共修复下睑外翻、鼻部、面部瘢痕及色素痣切除后的组织缺损12例.结果术后12例皮瓣完全成活,随访2年,疗效良好.皮瓣宽在3cm以下时供区均可直接缝合,术后较少遗留瘢痕及继发畸形.结论眼轮匝肌是一个多元血管供血的肌肉,以其眶部肌肉为蒂的同侧颞部无毛区岛状小皮瓣是修复颜面部小面积软组织缺损的一个可行方法.但颜面部组织缺损面积较大时,供区缝合困难,应慎用.     

眼轮匝肌蒂皮瓣修复眼睑分裂痣切除后皮肤缺损

目的：采用眼轮匝肌蒂皮瓣Ⅰ期修复眼睑分裂痣切除后的皮肤缺损。方法：切除上、下睑病变区皮肤,上睑缺损可行全厚皮片移植或局部A-T皮瓣修复。下睑根据皮肤缺损面积于缺损缘左右两侧各设计眼轮匝肌蒂皮瓣,酌情游离,向中间推进拼合,按睑袋术式缝合睑缘皮肤,Ⅰ期修复上、下睑皮肤缺损。结果：共治疗13例,皮瓣最大面积2cm×1.5cm,均Ⅰ期愈合,形态满意。结论：下睑双侧眼轮匝肌蒂皮瓣可Ⅰ期修复中度大小的眼睑分裂痣,方法简单,疗效满意。     

岛状皮瓣一期修复眼睑分裂痣的设计与技巧

目的 探讨应用邻位及远位岛状皮瓣一期修复眼睑分裂痣的设计与技巧.方法 切除眼睑分裂痣上、下睑病变后,根据缺损的部位、形态及面积,选择应用眼轮匝肌蒂岛状皮瓣、耳后SMAS蒂岛状皮瓣或逆行颞浅动脉岛状皮瓣一期修复上、下睑皮肤缺损,供区均直接缝合.结果 2003年以来,共收治患者16例,其中应用眼轮匝肌肌皮瓣10例,耳后SMAS筋膜蒂皮瓣3例及逆行颞浅动脉岛状皮瓣3例.切除痣体的最大面积上睑为2.5 cm ×2.0 cm,下睑为4.0 cm×3.0 cm.1例耳后SMAS筋膜蒂皮瓣及1例逆行颞浅动脉岛状皮瓣术后出现皮瓣远端静脉回流障碍、部分表皮坏死,经换药后自行愈合,其余14例皮瓣全部成活良好.结论 根据病变的部位、形态和面积等选择合适的邻位或远位岛状皮瓣修复眼睑分裂痣切除术后皮肤缺损,效果满意,且供区隐蔽、无继发畸形.     

Upper eyelid reconstruction: a short report of an eyelid defect following a thermal burn

While the principles of eyelid reconstruction are well-established, achieving good functional and aesthetic reconstruction remains challenging. This communication presents a technique that we used on a young patient with an eyelid defect following a thermal burn. The patient was operated on to reconstruct the entire upper eyelid using, as a posterior lamella, a mucochondrial autologous graft taken from the ala of the nose as a tarsus and conjunctiva substitutes that were sutured to the Elevator palpebrae superioris aponeurosis and muscle. On the other hand, to reconstruct the anterior lamella, which consists of skin and muscle, the surgeons used a myocutaneous temporal flap taken from the region immediately lateral to the external canthus of the palpebral region, and which, after being isolated following a drawing of the upper eyelid to be reconstructed, was rotated and then sutured to the posterior lamella using the orbicularis oculi muscle as a pedicle.     

眼轮匝肌蒂颞区皮瓣修复面部缺损

目的面部缺损在临床上较为常见，因局部皮瓣或皮下蒂皮瓣是由皮下直接供血，皮瓣修复的区域受到限制。为此，进行了以面部表情肌为供血来源的皮瓣探讨。方法通过对眼轮匝肌的血管及面神经颞支的解剖研究，扩大了以眼轮匝肌为蒂的颞区皮瓣的应用范围。结果１８例面部软组织缺损修复均取得了满意的效果。结论眼轮匝肌颞区皮瓣比局部或皮下蒂组织瓣易于移转，且供区隐散蔽。     

眼轮匝肌蒂颞区皮瓣修复面部缺损

目的面部缺损在临床上较为常见,因局部皮辦或皮下蒂皮辦是由皮下直接供血,皮瓣修复的区域受到限制。为此,进行了以面部表情肌为供血来源的皮辦探讨。方法通过对眼轮匝肌的血管及面神经颞支的解剖研究,扩大了以眼轮匝肌为蒂的颞区皮瓣的应用范围。结果 18例面部软组织缺损修复均取得了满意的效果。结论眼轮匝肌颞区皮辦比局部或皮下蒂组织辦易于移转,且供区隐散蔽。     

应用眼轮匝肌蒂颞部岛状皮瓣矫正睑外翻

目的探讨应用眼轮匝肌蒂颞部岛状皮瓣修复睑外翻的方法及效果。方法设计以眼轮匝肌为蒂的颞区皮瓣,将皮瓣旋转180°移位至眼睑部瘢痕松解后的创面,修复瘢痕性睑外翻。结果术后12例患者,皮瓣完全成活,随访6个月,睑外翻无复发,供区瘢痕不明显。结论眼轮匝肌蒂颞部岛状皮瓣血供可靠,修复睑外翻可取得功能与外观双重修复的满意结果。     

颞侧眼轮匝肌蒂皮瓣修复眼睑缺损

目的：探讨以眼轮匝肌为蒂的颞区皮瓣修复眼睑缺损的临床应用。方法：在颞侧设计眼轮匝肌为蒂的皮瓣,将皮瓣向内推进或旋转1800修复睑缺损区。结果：7例眼睑缺损修复均取得了满意的效果,未出现并发症。结论：眼轮匝肌蒂颞区皮瓣修复眼睑缺损比局部或皮下蒂组织瓣易于移转,修复后外形满意且供区隐蔽,是修复眼睑缺损的良好选择。     

眼轮匝肌蒂皮瓣修复睑皮肤缺损

探讨使用一种血供确实可靠、即时移转的皮瓣修复眼睑皮肤缺损。方法　采用以眼轮匝肌为蒂的颧部、颞部皮瓣修复同侧上睑或下睑皮肤缺损。结果　修复上睑或下睑挛缩瘢痕切除松解后创面 (8例 )、色素痣切除后创面 (4例 ) ,取得满意效果。结论　以眼轮匝肌为蒂的皮瓣具有确实可靠的血供、易于移转和供区可以直接缝合等优点 ,是一种修复眼睑皮肤缺损可供选用的方法。     

Orbicularis oculi myocutaneous flap in reconstruction of postburn lower eyelid ectropion.

The management of postburn lower eyelid ectropion is difficult, since the contraction of the skin graft may give rise to secondary deformities especially around the lateral 1/3 of the lower eyelid. In this paper, the results of reconstruction in lower eyelid ectropion with a laterally based orbicularis oculi myocutaneous flap from the upper eyelid in 7 young patients are presented. Satisfactory function and cosmesis were obtained in the evaluation of the patients up to 40 months follow-up. The method proved versatile as the donor scar was well-hidden in the supratarsal fold and the temporally based myocutaneous flap provided additional support to the lower eyelid by exerting an upward pull against the gravity. It is concluded that usage of this flap in postburn ectropion cases is worthwhile to avoid any recurrences. reserved.     

眼睑部眼轮匝肌皮下蒂皮瓣修复眼睑皮肤软组织缺损

目的:探讨用眼睑部眼轮匝肌皮下蒂皮瓣修复眼睑皮肤软组织缺损的方法与效果。方法:设计眼睑部眼轮匝肌皮下蒂皮瓣,远端携带有部分皮肤软组织,转移修复眼睑病变组织切除术遗留创面,供区直接缝合。结果:本组患者15例,术后皮瓣全部存活,随访3个月~1年,效果良好,术后无明显瘢痕及眼睑继发畸形,皮瓣色泽与周围皮肤一致,效果满意。结论:应用眼睑部眼纶匝肌皮下蒂皮瓣修复眼睑小面积皮肤软组织缺损灵活方便,血供可靠,是一种良好的手术方法。     

眼轮匝肌悬吊法睑袋成形术的改进

目的探讨在眼轮匝肌悬吊法睑袋成形术中,通过眼轮匝肌支持韧带完全松解,使附着在眶缘骨膜上松弛的皮肤、皮下组织得以充分释放,以达到下睑组织和眶颧组织整体提紧效果的改良手术方法。方法对409例具有较明显沟槽畸形的患者,在行眼轮匝肌悬吊法睑袋成形术过程中,增加了眼轮匝肌支持韧带离断、韧带断端上提与眶隔筋膜固定的操作,对眼轮匝肌悬吊法进行改进。结果经术后随访1～3年,全部受术者沟槽畸形改观明显,无1例出现并发症,得到比较满意的疗效。结论改良的眼轮匝肌悬吊法睑袋成形术。松解了眶颧部皮肤,有利于恢复睑颊复合体的平整自然,对改善沟槽畸形尤为有效。此法简单易行,安全性高,可作为下睑袋成形术的优选术式。     

Treatment of cicatricial lagophthalmos: very small orbicularis oculi muscle pedicled skin flap.

There are many methods for the correction of cicatricial lagophthalmos. Skin and soft tissue should be used to reconstruct the defect after release of tension. We used a very small orbicularis oculi muscle pedicled skin flap for the correction of mild to moderate degrees of cicatricial lagophthalmos in six cases. A small skin island flap from near the skin defect, pedicled on the orbicularis oculi muscle, was transposed to fill the defect. The length of the skin flap ranged from 5 mm to 11 mm. With a follow-up period ranging from 6 months to 18 months (mean: 11 months),we obtained satisfactory functional and aesthetic results. The eyelid closure was much improved and the discomfort was relieved. All the flaps survived without any healing problems. This small orbicularis oculi myocutaneous flap is very reliable and has a wide range of motion. This technique can be applied to eyelid-skin defects of various causes.     

眶区眼轮匝肌蒂岛状皮瓣在眶周皮肤缺损修复中的应用

目的 探讨应用眶区眼轮匝肌蒂岛状皮瓣修复眶周皮肤全层缺损的方法与手术技巧。方法 根据缺损的部位、形态及面积,分别应用以上、下眶区眼轮匝肌内侧为蒂的岛状皮瓣修复眶周的皮肤缺损,供区直接缝合。结果 2003年7月至2009年10月,应用上述方法共修复24例,除l例术后皮瓣远端部分坏死,经换药愈合,2例皮瓣表皮坏死未行处理,自行愈合外,其余皮瓣均成活良好。随访6 ～ 24个月,所有皮瓣色泽、质地均良好,与周围组织无明显差别,供区瘢痕不明显,外形满意。结论选择以眼轮匝肌眶部内侧为蒂的岛状皮瓣一期修复眶周皮肤缺损,血供良好,供区隐蔽,术后效果满意。     

应用携带眼轮匝肌的斧形皮瓣修复眼睑分裂痣

目的：探讨应用携带眼轮匝肌的斧形皮瓣修复眼睑分裂痣的方法及效果。方法：设计位于外眦部的携带部分眼轮匝肌的斧形局部旋转皮瓣,修复切除眼睑分裂痣后形成的创面。其中病变范围最小为0.4cm×1.5cm,最大为1.5cm×3.8cm。结果：本组患者16例,术后皮瓣均完全成活。12例患者随访6～12个月,切除区域的痣无复发,皮瓣颜色与周围皮肤一致,瘢痕轻微,效果满意。结论：应用携带部分眼轮匝肌的斧形局部旋转皮瓣修复眼睑分裂痣手术操作方便,血供良好,色泽协调,是修复眼睑分裂痣的良好选择。     

重睑成形术同时行眼轮匝肌肌皮瓣转移治疗轻度瘢痕性上睑外翻

目的探讨轻度瘢痕性上睑外翻的患者,如何在行同侧重睑成形术时,应用上睑眼轮匝肌肌皮瓣旋转后进行修复。方法行重睑成形术时,利用可去除的松弛皮肤及其深面的眼轮匝肌制成肌皮瓣,修复外翻松解复位后遗留的缺损创面。结果2003年2月至2005年12月,共修复轻度瘢痕性上睑外翻13例13只眼,除1例因蒂部略显臃肿,6个月后再次修整外,其余皮瓣外观平整自然,随访2周至6个月,效果满意。结论将重睑成形术中可去除的松弛皮肤及深面的眼轮匝肌重新利用,制成的眼轮匝肌肌皮瓣血运丰富,长宽比例最大可达6∶1,且转移灵活,供区切口隐蔽在重睑皱襞形成线上,无供区瘢痕。     

应用皮下蒂旋转皮瓣修复老年型睑黄瘤切除后的缺损

目的：探讨一种适合老年型睑黄瘤的手术治疗方法。方法：应用皮下蒂旋转皮瓣修复老年型黄瘤切除后的创面，7例患者，14例皮瓣，同时行上睑松弛矫正术，重睑术。结果：术后均I期愈合，随访1-24个月。睑黄瘤无复发，皮瓣及上睑形态自然，无明显畸形。结论：皮下蒂旋转皮瓣是修复老年型睑黄瘤切除后创面的一种有效合适的手术方法。     

应用改良的额肌瓣转移矫正重度上睑下垂

目的:探讨应用改良的额肌瓣转移治疗重度上睑下垂的手术方法及临床价值。方法:沿重睑线切开皮肤,剪除部分眼轮匝肌,显露睑板;作皮下和额肌及额肌与骨膜间分离,于额肌与眼轮匝肌交界处提起并横行切断额肌,与其内侧斜向内上方弧形切开肌瓣达眉上1.5cm,外侧向外上方斜形剪开,注意不要超出眉毛平面0.5cm,形成不等边、扇形的额肌瓣,分别以内、中、外3点与睑板上缘作褥式缝合固定。结果:本组22例,切口均一期愈合,其中16例获得随访,上睑上提功能良好,重睑线自然、对称,“兔眼”征轻微,效果满意。结论:此法对额肌损伤小,不等边、呈扇形的额肌瓣使肌肉蒂部增宽,增加了额肌瓣的收缩力,适用于重度上睑下垂。