新型脂质体在经皮给药系统中的应用

摘 要 药物经皮传递系统的角质层屏障等问题日益受到关注,而新型脂质体作为药物传递载体,可以有效解决这一问题。新型脂质体能明显提高药物经皮渗透,从而增强疗效,具有广阔的应用价值和开发前景。本文结合国内外研究现状,对在经皮给药系统中作为载体应用的新型脂质体的分类、促渗机制及其应用进展做一综述。     

经皮给药系统中新型载体的研究进展

本文综述了近年国内外文献关于能促进药物透皮吸收的新型载体（脂质体、传递体、固体脂质纳米粒等）的研究进展。包括这些经皮给药载体的特点及应用。     

药物经皮给药新型载体的研究进展

本文综述了近年国内外文献关于能增加药物经皮转运的新型载体（传递体、乙醇脂质体、非离子囊泡等）的研究进展。内容涉及经皮给药及疫苗给药等方面的研究进展。这些经皮给药新型载体所表现出的优越性。使其具有良好的研究价值及应用前景。     

聚合物胶束在经皮给药系统中的应用

摘 要 目的：综述聚合物胶束作为药物载体在经皮传递系统中的应用进展。方法: 根据国内外发表的最新文献,对聚合物胶束的制备方法、促进皮肤渗透的机制、释药过程及其在经皮给药系统中的应用进行分析与讨论。结果: 聚合物胶束具有增加难溶性药物的溶解度,促进药物的经皮吸收等作用,作为药物载体在经皮传递系统的应用越来越广泛。结论:聚合物胶束可作为药物载体被广泛用于经皮给药系统的研究中,具有较好的发展前景。     

弹性脂质囊泡在经皮给药系统的研究进展

目的 对近年来弹性脂质囊泡在经皮给药系统的研究与应用进行文献整理和归纳,为以后该领域的研究提供借鉴。方法 查阅近5年弹性脂质囊泡在经皮给药系统的相关文献,总结弹性脂质囊泡的分类、制备方法、促透机制、应用的研究进展,提出其今后研究的重点方向。结果 弹性脂质囊泡具有较好的变形性、皮肤渗透性,可以通过角质层,更利于药物到达毛细血管被吸收,提高生物利用度,更有利于皮肤用药。结论 弹性脂质囊泡经皮给药系统是一种安全、有效的给药途径,其顺应性更好,在经皮给药方面有很好的应用前景。     

微针与新型经皮给药载体结合的研究进展

经皮给药系统具有给药方便、血药浓度稳定、无首过效应等优点,但皮肤的屏障作用使得药物难以透过皮肤。近年来,出现了很多新型经皮给药的药物载体,如脂质体、醇质体、囊泡等,这些能通过化学方法促进药物的经皮渗透。而微针能穿透皮肤角质层形成微孔通道,通过物理方法促进药物的渗透,将微针与新型经皮给药载体结合能显著提高药物的经皮吸收的速率。本文对微针与新型经皮给药载体结合的最新研究进行了综述,并展望了微针辅助新型药物载体经皮给药的发展前景。     

新型经皮给药载体——传递体

传递体是目前一种新型的经皮给药载体,本文对传递体的组成及制备、性质、经皮渗透动力学、药物分布动力学及其实际应用进行了综述。     

非层状液晶在经皮传递系统中的应用概述

摘 要 目的：综述非层状液晶作为药物载体在经皮传递系统中的应用进展。方法: 根据国内外发表的最新文献,对非层状液晶在经皮传递系统中的作用机制以及应用进行分析与讨论。结果: 非层状液晶作为药物载体在经皮传递系统的应用越来越广泛,该载体具有增溶、包封、保护药物;促进药物渗透;提高载药量;提高药物的稳定性等作用。结论:非层状液晶作为药物经皮传递载体在医药卫生等领域具有较好的发展前景。     

脂质体经皮给药研究进展

目的介绍脂质体作为经皮给药载体的研究进展。方法查阅国内外文献报道,从脂质体作为经皮给药载体特点、促透机制、影响因素及研究进展等方面进行论述。结果脂质体可促进药物的透皮吸收,加强药物的局部作用,提高局部利用度,降低副作用。结论脂质体在经皮给药系统中应用广泛。     

脂质体经皮给药研究进展

目的介绍脂质体作为经皮给药载体的研究进展。方法查阅国内外文献报道，从脂质体作为经皮给药载体特点、促透机制、影响因素及研究进展等方面进行论述。结果脂质体可促进药物的透皮吸收，加强药物的局部作用，提高局部利用度，降低副作用。结论脂质体在经皮给药系统中应用广泛。     

Permeation enhancer strategies in transdermal drug delivery

Abstract

Today, ～74% of drugs are taken orally and are not found to be as effective as desired. To improve such characteristics, transdermal drug delivery was brought to existence. This delivery system is capable of transporting the drug or macromolecules painlessly through skin into the blood circulation at fixed rate. Topical administration of therapeutic agents offers many advantages over conventional oral and invasive techniques of drug delivery. Several important advantages of transdermal drug delivery are prevention from hepatic first pass metabolism, enhancement of therapeutic efficiency and maintenance of steady plasma level of the drug. Human skin surface, as a site of drug application for both local and systemic effects, is the most eligible candidate available. New controlled transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) technologies (electrically-based, structure-based and velocity-based) have been developed and commercialized for the transdermal delivery of troublesome drugs. This review article covers most of the new active transport technologies involved in enhancing the transdermal permeation via effective drug delivery system.     

Polymer-drug conjugates: recent progress on administration routes

Introduction: Polymer-drug conjugates are an important part of polymer therapeutics. Recently, they have been used as an appealing platform for drug delivery. As a delivery vector, the route of administration performs a serious impact on the accessibility of drug molecules to their respective target site and therapeutic index. Furthermore, the physicochemical and biological properties of conjugates also correlate distinctly with the route of administration.

Areas covered: This article reviews the recent advances of polymer-drug conjugates as drug delivery systems through parenteral, enteral and topical routes. In particular, it mainly focuses on the classical and emerging routes such as injection, oral, transdermal, pulmonary and ocular routes using polymer-drug conjugates as delivery systems.

Expert opinion: Although polymer-conjugated drug delivery systems reported so far face severe shortcoming of being incomplete methodology and limited routes for administration (mostly concentrated in injection), some polymer carriers like poly(amidoamine) and hyaluronic acid still offer an appealing platform to deliver drug. Acquiring the particular characteristics of each polymer carrier, exploiting novel biodegradable polymer, expanding classical drug administration ways by emerging routes and developing a rational and systematic methodology to design administration routes will be the promising directions.     

纳米药物载体在经皮给药系统中应用的研究进展

目的介绍纳米药物载体在经皮给药系统中的应用。方法查阅国内外文献共31篇,从纳米药物载体在经皮给药系统中的应用及各自的优势和不足等方面进行综述。结果纳米药物载体具有提高药物的化学稳定性、促进药物经皮吸收、控制药物释放以及定位给药等优点,在药物的经皮吸收方面具有广阔应用前景。结论纳米药物载体为药物的经皮通透提供了新的途径和方法,但是其安全性和有效性仍需进一步研究。     

Spray-on transdermal drug delivery systems

Introduction: Transdermal drug delivery possesses superior advantages over other routes of administration, particularly minimizing first-pass metabolism. Transdermal drug delivery is challenged by the barrier nature of skin. Numerous technologies have been developed to overcome the relatively low skin permeability, including spray-on transdermal systems.

Areas covered: A transdermal spray-on system (TSS) usually consists of a solution containing the drug, a volatile solvent and in many cases a chemical penetration enhancer. TSS promotes drug delivery via the complex interplay between solvent evaporation and drug–solvent drag into skin. The volatile solvent carries the drug into the upper layers of the stratum corneum, and as the volatile solvent evaporates, an increase in the thermodynamic activity of the drug occurs resulting in an increased drug loading in skin.

Expert opinion: TSS is easily applied, delivering flexible drug dosage and associated with lower incidence of skin irritation. TSS provides a fast-drying product where the volatile solvent enables uniform drug distribution with minimal vehicle deposition on skin. TSS ensures precise dose administration that is aesthetically appealing and eliminates concerns of residual drug associated with transdermal patches. Furthermore, it provides a better alternative to traditional transdermal products due to ease of product development and manufacturing.     

难溶性药物凝胶制剂研究进展

凝胶制剂作为透皮给药系统（transdermal drug delivery system，TDDS）的一种新型制剂，经皮肤给药发挥全身或局部治疗作用，有使用方便、安全性好、释药平缓持久等优势，成为近年来药物制剂研发的重点之一。但现有的大多数化合物均为难溶性药物，在凝胶制剂方面的应用受限。近年来，许多新型药物载体包括纳米化技术、包合物、固体分散体等被广泛用于难溶药物增溶以及增强药物皮肤透过能力。文章详细综述了各种药物载体的特点及其在凝胶制剂的应用优势和缺陷，并汇总了现FDA难溶性药物凝胶产品的上市情况以及各种增溶技术在凝胶制剂的具体应用，为凝胶制剂未来的研发方向提供理论基础及实践案例。     

脂质体经皮局部给药研究进展

目的：探讨脂质体在皮肤局部给药系统中的作用.方法：通过阐述脂质体在皮肤给药系统中透皮吸收的作用机制、影响因素以及在各领域的应用,了解脂质体在皮肤局部给药系统中的作用.结果：脂质体应用于皮肤局部给药系统具有许多优势.结论：脂质体在皮肤局部给药系统中有很大的发展潜力.     

Dermal Drug Delivery Systems: A Review

Abstract

Systems that deliver drugs through intact skin at a controlled rate are now in routine clinical use. They include a nitroglycerin system for the prophylaxis of angina, and a scopolamine system for the prevention of motion sickness. In addition, there are also published reports on rate-controlled transdermal forms of clonidine and estradiol. Since the trans-dermal mode of drug administration can provide continuity of delivery and precise control of drug plasma concentrations, it offers particular advantages for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices. It is also useful when the oral route is unsuitable. Transdermal rate-controlled therapy appears on the brink of rapid expansion for the administration of potent, nonirritating, nonallergenic agents with suitable physi-cochemical properties. In the case of new agents, rate-controlled transdermal administration may render some drugs routinely usable that otherwise would produce unacceptable side effects or require impractical regimens. Some older agents will gain an increased margin of safety and convenience—as well as expanded therapeutic usefulness—compared with their administration in conventional dosage forms. Owing to constraints arising from drug potency, skin permeability, and/or topical reactions, however, transdermal administration is not expected to become the preferred dosage form for a high percentage of drugs.